IMPROVEMENT OF THE SEMI-ANALYTICAL METHOD, FOR DETERMINING THE GEOMETRICALLY NON-LINEAR RESPONSE OF THIN STRAIGHT STRUCTURES: PART II—FIRST AND SECOND NON-LINEAR MODE SHAPES OF FULLY CLAMPED RECTANGULAR PLATES

In a previous series of papers, a semi-analytical model based on Hamilton's principle and spectral analysis has been developed for geometrically non-linear free vibrations occurring at large displacement amplitudes of clamped-clamped beams and fully clamped rectangular homogeneous and composite plates. In Part I of this series of papers, concerned with geometrically non-linear free and forced vibrations of various beams, a practical simple “multi-mode theory”, based on the linearization of the non-linear algebraic equations, written in the modal basis, in the neighbourhood of each resonance has been developed. Simple explicit formulae, ready and easy to use for analytical or engineering purposes have been derived, which allows direct calculation of the basic function contributions to the first three non-linear mode shapes of the beams considered. Also, various possible truncations of the series expansion defining the first non-linear mode shape have been considered and compared with the complete solution, which showed that an increasing number of basic functions has to be used, corresponding to increasingly sized intervals of vibration amplitudes; starting from use of only one function, i.e., the first linear mode shape, corresponding to very small amplitudes, for which the linear theory is still valid, and ending by the complete series, involving six functions, corresponding to maximum vibration amplitudes at the beam middle point up to once the beam thickness. For higher amplitudes, a complementary second formulation has been developed, leading to reproduction of the known results via the solution of reduced linear systems of five equations and five unknowns. The purpose of this paper is to extend and adapt the approach described above to the geometrically non-linear free vibration of fully clamped rectangular plates in order to allow direct and easy calculation of the first, second and higher non-linear fully clamped rectangular plate mode shapes, with their associated non-linear frequencies and non-linear bending stress patterns. Also, numerical results corresponding to the first and second non-linear modes shapes of fully clamped rectangular plates with an aspect ratio α=0·6 are presented. Data concerning the higher non-linear modes, the aspect ratio effect, and the forced vibration case will be presented later.     

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE RECTANGULAR MEMBRANES WITH AN OBLIQUE INTERFACE

The natural frequencies and mode shapes of a composite rectangular membrane with no exact solutions are found by using an analytical method appropriate for the geometric feature of the title problem membrane presented here. The method has a key feature in which the theoretical development is very simple and only a small amount of numerical calculation is required. Example studies show that the natural frequencies and their associated modes obtained from the method are found to be very accurate compared with the results by the FEM (SYSNOISE) or exact solutions. Furthermore, the natural frequencies converge rapidly and accurately to the exact values or the numerical results obtained from the finite element model using meshes sufficient to yield already converging natural frequencies, even when a small number of series functions are used in the proposed method.     

固定边矩形板的弯曲问题

The problem of bending of orthotropic rectangular plates with clamped edges on elastic foundation may be reduced to the following differential equation and boundary conditions (?⁴w)/(?x⁴)+2λ(?⁴w)/(?x²?y²)+(?⁴w)/(?y⁴)+kw=q/D. w=0, (?w)/(?x)=0 at x=±a, w=0, (?w)/(?y)=0, at y=±b. In the case of isotropic plates, λ = 1. In this paper a perturbation method is proposed for the solution of this problem fay expanding w in power series of λ: w=w₀+w₁λ+w₂λ²+……. It is proved that this series is convergent when -1 ≤λ≤1.     

VIBRATION AND STABILITY OF ANNULAR PLATES IN NON-LINEAR CREEP CONDITIONS

This paper presents a study on the influence of the physical non-linearity of material in creep conditions on vibration and stability of non-uniform annular plates subjected to a follower force radially distributed at the outer edge. The stability analysis requires first the calculation of a membrane stress distribution and then the application of the kinetic stability criterion, making use of small superposed vibrations. The differential equations of the membrane and vibration states have been integrated by means of the transfer matrix method which allowed the determination of the relationships between the real and imaginary parts of the complex frequency and compressive force (characteristic curves). The results have been presented in numerous figures.     

FREE VIBRATION OF LAMINATED SPHERICAL PANELS WITH RANDOM MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Randomness in the material properties is inherent in all engineering materials. Composites exhibit a greater scatter compared to conventional materials because of the larger number of parameters associated with its fabrication and manufacturing. For accurate prediction of its behavior, the composite material properties have been modelled as random variables in the present study. Higher order shear deformation theory including rotatory inertia effects has been employed in developing the system equations and first order perturbation technique has been adopted for the solution. An approach has been presented for obtaining the analytical solution for generalized eigenvalue problem associated with free vibrations. Mean and variance of the natural frequency have been obtained for cross-ply spherical laminates projected in rectangular plan form with different boundary conditions.     

FREE VIBRATION OF ORTHOTROPIC SQUARE PLATES WITH A SQUARE HOLE

An approximate method is extended for analyzing the free vibration problem of orthotropic square plate with a square hole. In this paper, a square plate with a square hole is transformed into an equivalent square plate with non-uniform thickness by considering the hole as an extremely thin part of the equivalent plate. Therefore, the dynamic characteristics of a plate with a hole can be obtained by analyzing the equivalent plate. The Green function, which is the discrete solution for the deflection of the equivalent plate, is used to obtain the characteristic equation of the free vibration. The effects of the side to thickness ratio, hole side to plate side ratio and the variation of the thickness on the frequencies are considered. Some numerical analyses are carried out for the simply supported orthotropic square plate with a square hole. The efficiency and accuracy of the numerical solutions by the present method are investigated.     

FORCED AND FREE VIBRATIONS OF RECTANGULAR SANDWICH PLATES WITH PARAMETRIC STIFFNESS MODULATION

An active control of the resonant vibrations of a rectangular sandwich plate performed by the parametric stiffness modulation is analyzed. The controlled vibrations are those of the dominantly flexural type excited by the transverse force acting at the first resonant frequency of dominantly flexural vibrations. The stiffness modulation is performed at a comparatively high frequency identified by the resonance of a mode of the dominantly shear type. The method of direct partition of motions is used that predicts an existence of the modal interaction between these two modes of vibrations due to the parametric stiffness modulation. It is shown that such a parametric control can provide a significant shift of the first eigenfrequency of a controlled plate (the one subjected to the stiffness modulation) from its nominal value for an uncontrolled plate. Heavy fluid loading conditions are accounted for as well as the energy dissipation in the material of a plate. It is demonstrated that although heavy fluid loading reduces resonant frequencies of forced vibrations, the suggested mechanism of control remains valid in these cases. Dynamics of an elementary two-degree-of-freedom model mechanical system is considered to illustrate the mechanism of modal interaction, which is involved in the suggested way of an active control of vibrations of sandwich plates.     

EXACT BUCKLING AND VIBRATION SOLUTIONS FOR STEPPED RECTANGULAR PLATES

This paper is concerned with the determination of exact buckling loads and vibration frequencies of multi-stepped rectangular plates based on the classical thin (Kirchhoff) plate theory. The plate is assumed to have two opposite edges simply supported while the other two edges can take any combination of free, simply supported and clamped conditions. The proposed analytical method for solution involves the Levy method and the state-space technique. By using this analytical method, exact buckling and vibration solutions are obtained for rectangular plates having one- and two-step thickness variations. These exact solutions are extremely useful as benchmark values for researchers developing numerical techniques and software for analyzing non-uniform thickness plates.     

FREE NON-LINEAR VIBRATION OF A ROTATING THIN RING WITH THE IN-PLANE AND OUT-OF-PLANE MOTIONS

Free non-linear vibration of a rotating thin ring with a constant speed is analyzed when the ring has both the in-plane and out-of-plane motions. The geometric non-linearity of displacements is considered by adopting the Lagrange strain theory for the circumferential strain instead of the infinitesimal strain theory. By using Hamilton's principle, the coupled non-linear partial differential equations are derived, which describe the out-of-plane bending and torsional motions as well as the in-plane bending and extensional motions. During deriving the equations of motion, we discuss how to model the circumferential stress and strain in order to consider the geometric non-linearity. Four models are established: three non-linear models and one linear model. For the four models, the linearized equations of motion are obtained in the neighbourhood of the steady state equilibrium position. Based on the linearized equations of the four cases, the natural frequencies are computed at various rotational speeds and then they are compared. Through the comparison, this study recommends which model is appropriate to describe the non-linear behaviour more precisely.     

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER PLATES WITH STEP DISCONTINUITIES IN PROPERTIES BY THE METHOD OF SUPERPOSITION

Utilizing the superposition method, an analytical type solution is obtained for the free vibration eigenvalues and mode shapes of a cantilever plate with step discontinuities in plate properties. Property discontinuity lines run parallel to the clamped edge of the plate. Verification tests are performed for limiting cases by comparing computed eigenvalues with known eigenvalues for plates with uniform properties. Very good agreement is also obtained when computed results are compared with those obtained experimentally utilizing a test plate with discontinuities in thickness. Computed eigenvalues and mode shapes are presented for the benefit of other researchers. Besides the general interest, the problem has an application in the modelling of certain multi-story buildings during seismic studies.     

NON-LINEAR FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A STRING UNDER BENDING MOMENT EFFECTS USING THE PERTURBATION METHOD

In this paper, the non-linear free vibration of a string with large amplitude is considered. The initial tension, lateral vibration amplitude, cross-section diameter and the modulus of elasticity of the string have main effects on its natural frequencies. Increasing the lateral vibration amplitude makes the assumption of constant initial tension invalid. Therefore, it is impossible to use the classical equation of transverse motion assuming a small amplitude. On the other hand, by increasing the string cross-sectional diameter, the bending moment effect will increase dramatically, and it will act as an impressive restoring moment. Considering the effects of the bending moments, the non-linear equation governing the large amplitude transverse vibration of a string is derived. The time-dependent portion of the governing equation has the form of the Duffing equation. Due to the complexity and non-linearity of the derived equation and the fact that there is no established exact solution method, the equation is solved using the perturbation method. The results of the analysis are shown in appropriate graphs, and the natural frequencies of the string due to the non-linear factors are compared with the natural frequencies of the linear vibration of a string without bending moment effects.     

矩形三合板的稳定问题

一.引言 矩形三合板的稳定问题为高速飞机结构设针中经常遇到的实验问题,本文根据[1]所得的一般方程配合边界条件以求解。文中处理在一个方向受有均匀分布载荷、四边简支的矩形板及两边简支两边自由的矩形板,在形变初起的情况下若仅求临界载荷以供设计用则方程可以考虑作为線性,因之可以藉双三角函     

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF ARBITRARILY SHAPED PLATES WITH A MIXED BOUNDARY CONDITION USING NON-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC INFLUENCE FUNCTIONS

A new approach using the non-dimensional dynamic influence functions has been developed for free vibration analysis of arbitrarily shaped plates with a mixed boundary condition involving both simply supported edges and clamped ones. Since the proposed method is based on the collocation method using one-dimensional and wave-type functions, no integration procedure is needed on boundary edges of the plate of interest and numerical calculation schemes are relatively concise. In order to settle the incompleteness of the system matrix, which is due to the discarding of a complex natural boundary condition at simply supported edges, an additional simple equation is devised by means of using a geometric approximation on curved edges. Finally, verification examples show that a complete system matrix formed in this way successfully gives accurate eigenvalues compared with FEM (ANSYS) and other methods.