建筑节能镀膜玻璃热传递系数的研究

建筑节能镀膜玻璃的热传递系数ｋ是反映节能薄膜性能的重要指标，本文提出其热传递系数的计算和测量方法，并介绍部分测量结果，研究结果表明节能薄膜确能较大地降建筑物的能耗。     

镀膜玻璃的紫外UVA透射性能探讨

本文论述了太阳紫外辐射UVA的危害性，对UVA的测试方法、镀膜玻璃的防紫外辐射性能作了较详细的分析和讨论。     

含钴玻璃熔制及其光谱曲线分析

用CoO着色可以生产蓝色玻璃,钴含量及玻璃配合料氧化还原性都容易造成玻璃光学指标的改变,使玻璃产生较大的色差。本文通过改变玻璃中钴的含量、氧化还原剂用量来熔制玻璃样片,然后用SP-1920分光光度计对玻璃样片进行光度指标分析。结果表明:着色剂的用量、配合料的氧化还原性、K2O的添加对玻璃光学指标有较大影响。     

单银基低辐射玻璃的光热性能

介绍了单银基低辐射玻璃的镀膜方式与结构,并研究了样品的光热性能.结果表明:低辐射玻璃在可见光波段透射率较高;在中远红外波段反射率较高,有效阻止了热量的透过.因此低辐射玻璃既可以保证采光,又可以阻止热量透过,起到了节约能源的效果.     

自聚焦透镜列阵的色差测量

本文分析了色差的产生和表示，计算和测量了锂玻璃自聚焦透镜成像系统中的轴向色差与横向色差，讨论了色差对自聚焦透镜列阵成像的影响。     

掺铁TiO2纳米薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶提拉法制备了掺铁改性TiO2纳米材料镀膜玻璃,研究了掺铁、PEG用量、镀膜层数等因素对TiO2纳米膜透光率和光催化降解性的影响,并对相关机理进行了探讨。研究发现,掺铁能提升TiO2纳米膜的光催化活性,催化降解速率为不掺铁时的1．38倍;溶胶前驱体中PEG用量为0．1g（0．13wt％）时制取的薄膜具有最佳的光催化活性和较好的透光率,低于或超过这个值,催化降解效果都不理想;镀膜层数为2～5层时,均有较高的透光率,光催化活性依次递增,其中综合效果最佳的为2层镀膜。纳米TiO2镀膜玻璃是一种性能优异的新型自净节能环保材料,在高楼建筑、灯具制造、城市照明系统等领域具有潜在的广泛用途。     

基于双振子模型在线Low-E玻璃功能层光学常量的确定

从光与物质相互作用的微观机理出发,综合考虑了在线低辐射镀膜玻璃(Low-E玻璃)功能层材料中自由电子和束缚电子与光的相互作用,采用双振子模型描述了在线Low-E玻璃功能层材料的色散特性.用双振子模型所得出的理论公式对在线Low-E玻璃的透射谱进行了拟合,得到了Low-E玻璃功能层的光学常量.结果表明,双振子模型比Drude模型可以更准确描述在线Low-E玻璃功能层材料的光学特性,在可见光低频区和红外波段,用Drude模型描述在线Low-E玻璃功能层材料的光学特性也能得到较好的结果.     

玻璃光学元件精密模压成形技术

介绍了玻璃光学元件精密模压成形技术的原理、玻璃材料、模具制造、模具表面镀膜、结合有限元仿真的模压工艺优化和模压成形设备等核心技术的研究进展,并讨论了当前存在的问题。通过探讨玻璃模压成形技术在自由曲面、微结构、衍射结构表面和晶圆阵列等光学元件中的应用现状,对玻璃元件精密模压成形技术的发展趋势和挑战进行了展望。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2纳米薄膜及其光催化性能的研究

本文通过溶胶－凝胶工艺在玻璃表面制得了均匀透明的ＴｉＯ２纳米薄膜，其纳米颗粒的大小在５０～１５０ｎｍ范围内。该镀膜玻璃的透光性较好，在可见光范围内它相对于普通玻璃来说透光率在７２％以上。敌敌畏水溶液的光催化降解实验表明：起光催化作用的ＴｉＯ２晶型主要是锐钛矿型，因此热处理温度控制在５５０℃较好。随着镀膜次数的增加，光催化效率提高，当镀膜达到１０次时，光解率达到最高，再增加镀膜次数，光解率几乎没有提高。随着光催化效率的进一步提高，该类材料可望在环境保护、污水处理、空气净化等方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

低色差GRIN棒透镜制备工艺的研究

熔制了含Li+硅酸盐玻璃,玻璃的棒料在NaNO3熔盐中进行离子交换后得到了梯度折射率(GRIN)棒。采用干涉法测得了GRIN棒的折射率分布曲线。实验结果表明:通过所述的工艺,可以获得直径达5mm的GRIN棒,其折射率分布曲线与双曲正割曲线接近。分析表明GRIN棒的轴向色差评价函数值约为0 6～0 7%。     

Study of adsorption of bovine serum albumin to Langmuir-Blodgett film coated surfaces using work of adhesion as a tool

This work reports on the use of rate of change of work of adhesion (ΔW) as a tool to study adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to glass and Langmuir-Blodgett film of dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP) and dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DOMA) coated surfaces. Pure BSA and BSA with additives - sorbitol and urea - have been adsorbed to bare glass surfaces and DHP and DOMA coated surfaces. The results suggest that an increase in ΔW with time indicates promotion of adsorption while a decrease indicates hindered adsorption. Further adsorption of BSA was most effective on DHP coated surface compared with bare glass and DOMA coated glass. In case of mixtures of BSA with urea and sorbitol, BSA + urea showed hindered adsorption while adsorption of BSA + sorbitol was efficient for all substrates.     

Study of blue colour in ancient mosaic tesserae by means of thermoluminescence and reflectance measurements

The colouring effects of cobalt and copper ions in glass have been investigated by means of thermoluminescence and reflectance measurements. The two techniques have been used to characterise the colour centres of ancient blue glass mosaic tesserae, in comparison with standard modern colourless and blue glass. Thermoluminescence measurements allowed us to characterise the colour centres in the glass network and to evaluate the electron trap depth in ancient and modern samples. In ancient samples there is evidence of three electron traps, at the same temperatures of crystalline quartz, perhaps due to a partial re-crystallisation of the lattice. On the contrary, in modern samples, the continuum of trapping levels typical of amorphous silica is evident. PACS 78.66.Jg; 78.60.Kn; 78.40.Pg     

Improvement of the optical pumping in the FA(II) colour centre laser

An increase of about one order of magnitude in the output power of an F_A(II) colour centre laser has been obtained by rotating the polarization of a krypton-ion laser pump. The coupling of the pump beam to the colour centre laser cavity has been accomplished by means of an intracavity multilayer dielectric coated beam splitter.     

Comparison of self-cleaning properties of three titania coatings on float glass

This work compares the self-cleaning properties of experimental TiO₂ and TiO₂-Ag coatings on float glass with a commercial self-cleaning glass. In the experimental surfaces, TiO₂ coating was applied to float glass via the sol-gel route, while TiO₂-Ag coating was applied by the liquid flame spray method, which deposits TiO₂-Ag composite nanoparticles on the surface. The effect of the coatings on the surface wettability and the activation time for achieving hydrophilicity was studied through water contact angle as a function of exposure time to UV light. The surface morphology was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal optical microscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the coatings was examined with methylene blue and stearic acid degradation tests. Finally, the soil attachment to the surfaces was tested with a sebum-based model soil. The sol-gel TiO₂ coating became superhydrophilic within a few hours, while the activation time needed for the commercial titania coated glass was several days. The surface with the TiO₂-Ag nanoparticles did not show any marked changes in the water contact angle. The commercial titania coated and the sol-gel TiO₂ surfaces showed self-cleaning properties and clearly lower attachment of soil than the uncoated and TiO₂-Ag coated surfaces. The difference in the interaction of the surfaces with the organic contaminants was assumed to depend mainly on differences in the thickness of the coatings.     

FTIR-ATR技术考察TiO2膜对油酸的光催化氧化性能

采用Sol-Gel和PVD法在玻璃、陶瓷、铝片表面制备出TiO2膜,直接将食用油中的主成分油酸用溶剂稀释后均匀涂在膜表面,采用FTIR-ATR技术实现了对膜样品光催化自清洁性能的快速准确评价,并通过测量水的接触角评价了膜的亲水性。结果表明,Sol-Gel法和PVD法制备的TiO2/玻璃膜都具有较好的光致亲水性和光催化降解油酸性能,两者的亲水性没有明显差别,但前者的光催化活性稍优于后者。比较Sol-Gel法制备的TiO2/玻璃、TiO2/陶瓷和TiO2/铝片膜对油酸的光催化降解性能发现,光照3·5h后3个样品的降解率分别为92%,85%和46%,表明基底材料性质对TiO2膜的光催化活性有明显影响,镀在非导电性玻璃和陶瓷表面的TiO2膜比镀在导电性金属铝表面的TiO2膜对油酸有更高的光催化降解能力。     

Enhancing the interfacial strength of glass/epoxy composites using ZnO nanowires

This paper investigated the application of ZnO nanowires (ZnO NW) to enhance the interfacial strength of glass/epoxy composites. ZnO NW were grown on glass fibers by hydrothermal method, tensile properties of bare and ZnO NW coated fibers were measured by single fiber tensile testing, wettability of fiber with resin was studied by contact angle measurements and finally the interfacial strength and mechanisms were determined by single fiber fragmentation testing of glass/epoxy composites. The surface coverage of ZnO NW on glass fibers was fairly uniform without formation of major clusters. The coating of ZnO NW slightly reduced the tensile strength and improved the tensile modulus of fibers. Wettability tests showed reduction in contact angles for ZnO NW coated fibers because of enhanced wetting and infiltration of epoxy resin into nanowires. In fragmentation testing of microcomposites, smaller and concentrated interfacial debonding zones for ZnO NW coated fibers indicated good stress transfer and strong interfacial adhesion. A new form of crossed and closely spaced stress patterns were observed for nanowires of high aspect ratios. The interfacial strength of ZnO NW coated fibers increased by at least 109% and by 430% on average, which was attributed to the increased surface area and mechanical interlocking provided by ZnO NW.     

Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy of CdS nano-wires doped ferroelectric liquid crystal

We prepared CdS nano-wires with its breadth varying in the order of 30-40 nm with good uniformity. The prepared nano-wires were mixed with ferroelectric liquid crytal (FLC; FELIX-017/100) in a suitable proportion and then spin coated on a SiO₂ spin coated glass substrates. With the variation of rpm speed of the spin coater we obtained significant UV-vis spectroscopic information in comparison with pure FLC and pure nano-wires, those also spin coated on SiO₂ coated glass plates. Although we did not receive any significant shifting of transition of peaks, but absorbance changed remarkably, and also the calculated band gap energy for different composition were calculated from UV-vis spectra.     

WO3-based electrochromic windows - problems and status

An electrochromic (EC) window based upon the reversible formation of lithium tungsten bronze is described in terms of its component layers as well as an over-all device. The requirements and restrictions imposed upon window design and behaviour by the materials available are considered, as is the inter-relation between their properties. The sheet conductance of transparent tin oxide coated glass and the conductivity of the lithium electrolyte are considered, and shown to be important in determining uniformity and speed of window behaviour during colour/bleaching operations. The relation between thin film preparative methods and the resulting film properties is emphasised. Some basic scientific problems are considered, and particular stress is placed upon the importance of knowing about the structure of the thin film WO₃. The absence of an hermetic seal is seen as a possible barrier to commercial exploitation. But the field is ready for the bold investor. Paper presented at the 6th Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Cetraro, Calabria, Italy, Sept. 12–19, 1999.     

Plastic Versus Glass Support for an Immunoassay on Metal-Coated Surfaces in Optically Dense Samples Utilizing Directional Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission

We compared plastic (polycarbonate) and high-quality glass support materials for gold-coated slides, when performing a model immunoassay against rabbit IgG using fluorescently labeled (AlexaFluor-647) anti-rabbit IgG, and detecting surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) signals. Both, glass and plastic slides were simultaneously coated with a 48-nm layer of gold and protected with a 10-nm layer of silica. The maximum SPCE signal of AlexaFluor-647 was only two- to three-fold smaller on plastic slides than on glass slides. A small difference in the SPCE angles on glass (θ _F = 55°) and plastic (θ _F = 52.5°) slides was observed and can be explained with a slightly smaller refractive index of the plastic. We have not found any difference in the angle distribution (sharpness of the fluorescence signal at optimal SPCE angle) for the plastic slide compared to the glass slide. The kinetics of binding was monitored on the plastic slide as well as on the glass slide. Optically dense samples, a 4% red blood cell suspension and a 15% hemoglobin solution, are causing a reduction in the immunoassay SPCE signal by approximately 15% and three times, respectively, and the percentage of the reduction is the same for plastic and for glass slides. We believe that plastic substrates can be readily used in any SPCE assay, with only marginally lower total signal compared to high-quality glass slides.