Classification théorique des propriétés rhéologiques des corps réels

Résumé Une classification des propriétés rhéologiques fondée sur l'analyse théorique du comportement est proposée. L'attention y est attirée sur la non réparabilité des comportements elementaires ainsi que sur les propriétés de compressibilité.Une tentative est haute en vue d'effectuer un classement des propriétés dans á une modification de structuredes matériaux en cours de déformation.     

Caractérisation de la gélification d'une résine thermodurcissable par méthode rhéologique

Résumé Une nouvelle façon de repérer la gélification d'une résine thermodurcissable est proposée, à partir de mesures rhéologiques. Le point de gel est relié à une diminution de la vitesse de croissance du module visqueux observée sur les courbes expérimentales en cours de cinétique à température constante. Les temps de gel obtenus sont du même ordre que ceux donnés par les autres méthodes rhéologiques, mais font cependant apparaître des différences sensibles. Le temps de gel obéit à une loi d'Arrhénius en fonction de la température de cuisson.Le module visqueux au point de gel et, par conséquent la viscosité en ce point, varient avec la température. Il en est de même pour le facteur de perte tan . Par contre, le module élastique au point de gel se conserve quelle que soit la température. Ces résultats ont été obtenus sur deux formulations de résine: DGEBA (n = 0) – mPDA et DGEBA (n = 0) – DDM à la stoechiométrie.

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A new method of characterizing gelation of a thermosetting resin from rheological measurements is proposed. Gelation is associated with a reduction in the speed of growth of the viscous modulus which is observed on the experimental curves during isothermal kinetics. Times of gelation obtained in this way are of the same order of magnitude as those found with other rheological methods, however distinct differences are observed. These times follow the Arrhenius' law as a function of the processing temperature.The viscous modulus at the gelation point and, as a consequence, the viscosity at this point, vary with temperature. This comes also true for the loss factor tan . In contrast, the elastic modulus at the gelation point does not change with the temperature. These results were obtained with two resin formulas: DGEBA (n = 0) – mPDA and DGEBA (n = 0) – DDM in stoechiometric concentration.

     

Modélisation du bolus urétéral humain

We propose an improvement of the bolus passive viscoelastic wall model [1], by adding an active muscular layer situated on the internal side of the wall. This new model permits, for a suitable choice of the active force, to obtain analytically a closed bolus on its two ends and to get a close approach of the medical observations.     

Comportement thermomécanique d'un béton ordinaire en compression cyclée : expérience et modélisation

Infrared thermography observations permit to show thermal phenomena occurring on a plain concrete during a compressive test. A modelling of the thermomechanical behaviour of this materials is proposed as an extension of M. Frémond and B. Nedjar's model. It permits an interesting dialog between the experimental results and those obtained by a numerical simulation of a simple compressive test.     

Homogénéisation d'une poutre périodique : limite des développements asymptotiques

Starting from the equations of two-dimensional elasticity, a double-scale asymptotic expansion method is applied to a thin structure which is periodic in the direction perpendicular to the thickness. Under the given loading, all the terms of the displacement and stress expansions are determined. These expansions have finite limits under some conditions depending on the number of cells and the solutions of the cellular problems. Application examples show the contribution of higher-order terms in case the number of cells is small.     

Hystérésis et réduction de sons auto-entretenus commandées par effet Coanda

An air flow crossing two baffles in tandem inside a duct, generates strong self-sustained tones. Four radial slots created on the upstream baffle, leads to a large hysteresis loop of the sound pressure level when velocity varies, the second branch of which corresponds with a reduction of the self-sustained tones. Measurements of velocity show that a Coanda effect happens on the jets issued from the slots, which induces this flow behaviour.     

Théorie thermodynamique condensée de l'Elasticité linéaire

Sans résumé     

Homogénéisation d'équations et d'inéquations à paramètres oscillants. Application à l'étude d'écoulement de faible épaisseur en régime transitoire

Double scale homogenization is used to average stationary equation or inequalities in which both highly oscillating variables and parameters appear. We demonstrate how the limit is obtained using a two-stage procedure , firstly by carrying out a classical homogenization process by freezing the oscillating parameter, then by averaging the result with respect to this parameter. These results allow us to average the pressure for a newtonian fluid in a narrow gap between two rough unstationnary surfaces.     

Interprétation géométrique de la décomposition des équations de compatibilité en grandes déformations

In this paper, we establish compatibility equations satisfied by the right Cauchy–Green stress tensor by annihiling the associated curvature and torsion. The cancelation of torsion, using variables introduced by the polar decomposition, is not trivial as is usually the case. This point is the key to the decomposition of compatibility conditions in two first-order EDPs.     

Solutions périodiques et presque-périodiques des systèmes d'équations aux différences finies

Sans résumé Présenté par C. Iacob     

Fissuration multiple par corrosion sous contrainte : Modélisation du comportement mécanique par une méthode d'homogénéisation

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) phenomenon is characterised by initiation and propagation of surface cracks frequently multiple. In order to model the mechanical behaviour of such materials we propose, as for composites, the use of homogenization techniques. Two materials are considered, first one corresponding to the cracked external volume and the second to the internal safe material. The cracked volume is considered as a two phase material, i.e., elastic matrix containing elliptical voids. The overall behaviour of the equivalent material is obtained applying the usual homogenization rules. Comparison between simulations and experimental results is done.     

Instabilités bidimensionnelles d'une couche libre cisaillée d'origine électromagnétique

The stability of a free shear layer, with one-directional velocity field, is addressed. The studied configuration is a special case among the quasi-two-dimensional motions, induced in an electro-conducting and incompressible fluid by a strong magnetic field, superimposed to electric current. The limit of unconditional stability of the shear flow is computed. When the electric current is under the threshold, every deviation from the basic state is monotonically damped. The result holds without any restriction, connected with the size of the perturbations. Patterns set on just above the unconditional stability limit, in the form of small vortices, on the slow side of the shear layer.     

Approche statistique du tenseur des contraintes par le viriel généralisé

The classical virial theorem, applied to particles without internal structure, is used to make a direct statistical estimation of a fluid pressure avoiding a thermodynamical potential derivation. Generalising this theorem to structured media leads to a direct statistical estimation of the stress tensor.     

Interprétation de la double structure observée dans l'onde de détonation du nitrométhane gazeux

Calculations of the reaction zone of the detonation of gaseous nitromethane, either pure or diluted with oxygen, in the range of equivalence ratio Φ between 0.1 and 1.75, show that for 1.75⩾Φ⩾1.3 the chemical energy is released in two main successive reaction steps characterized by very different induction times. These results corroborate the experimental observations of two levels of cellular structures in the same range of equivalence ratios. To our knowledge this work is the first which deals with the problem of nonmonotonous chemical energy release behind the leading shock of a detonation wave.     

Étude des intégrales d'une équation aux dérivées partielles du quatrième ordre dans un domaine illimité et quelques propriétés de leurs dérivées

Sans résumé     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelle

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.