Synthesis of a difluorinated carbasugar from d-ribose via intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition reaction

Difluorinated carbasugar 3 has been synthesised from d-ribose via an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition reaction with an overall yield of 22%.     

Synthesis of a trihydroxylated azepane from d-arabinose by way of an intramolecular alkene nitrone cycloaddition

The synthesis of 1,6-imino-1,5,6-trideoxy-l-xylo-hexitol, a trihydroxylated azepane, from d-arabinose was achieved by way of an intramolecular alkene nitrone cycloaddition. The final product as well as its bicyclic precursor, (3R,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-8-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, were evaluated as glycosidase inhibitors.     

N-烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应区域选择性的理论研究 3:N-4-甲基-4-戊烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的区域选择性

N-4-甲基-4-戊烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应可以生成氧桥型(Pa)和碳桥型(Pb)两种产物, 其实验产率比约为8:1。而在N-4位未取代的情况下, Pa与Pb的实验产率比约为1:2。可见N-4-甲基使得区域选择性发生了很大的变化。本文用AM1 MO方法和过渡状态理论研究了N-4-甲基-4-戊烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的机理。计算了两个平行反应(a, b)的速率常数的比值, 得到与实验吻合的结果。计算表明, N-4-甲基取代后, a, b两反应的活化熵的相对变化是区域选择性改变的主要因素, 活化焓的相对变化只是一个次要因素。     

Asymmetric synthesis of epicylindrospermopsin via intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition. Assignment of absolute configuration

A synthesis of (-)-epicylindrospermopsin (2) was completed that establishes its absolute configuration and corroborates the corrected structural assignment previously made to this toxin by Weinreb et al. The hydroxylamine 3, prepared from 4-bromobenzyloxyacetaldehyde, was condensed with aldehyde 4, obtained in nine steps from (R)-methionine, to give nitrone 16. Intramolecular cycloaddition of 16 proceeded stereoselectively to yield the oxazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 17, which after reduction and deprotection afforded piperidine 18. The latter was transformed via cyclic urea 19 to the inverted C12 alcohol 20, and the derived azide 22 was cyclized to produce the guanidine moiety of 25. Final sulfation of the C12 hydroxyl group furnished (-)-2.     

A one-step synthesis of enantiopure 2-substituted 4,5-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-ones via intramolecular azide cycloaddition

Starting from the appropriate azides bearing the (S)-1-phenylethylamine and the l-alanine benzylester as chiral pendants, a facile and effective synthetic route to the title compounds in their enantiopure form was developed with excellent product yields obtained. Basic hydrolysis of the ester group of title compounds 3a–c gave the corresponding, readily functionalisable carboxylic acids. Catalytic reduction of 2-benzyl derivatives 3c and 3f gave 4-functionalised 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-ones in enantiopure forms.     

N-烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应区域选择性的理论研究IV. N-4-己烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的区域选择性

本文用AM1 MO方法和过渡状态理论研究N-4-己烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的机理, 计算两个平行反应(a, b)的速率常数的比值, 得到与实验吻合的结果。计算结果还表明, 由于N-5-甲基的电子效应, 使得反应b的活化焓降低, 同时, N-5-甲基引起的构型变化, 使得反应b的活化熵增高(绝对值变小), 这使得K~b/K~a值明显增长, 是区域选择性发生较大改变的原因。     

N-烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应区域选择性的理论研究I. N-3-丁烯基硝酮分子内环加成反应的区域专一性

n-烯基硝酮的分子内环加成反应可能得到氧桥和碳桥的两种产物, 但N-3-丁烯基硝酮却只有单一的氧桥产物, 已被用来合成一系列新的区域专一性人化合物。弄清此反应机理是很有意义的。本文用过渡状理论和AM1方法进行研究, 结果表明,虽然存在得到两种产物的平行反应, 但由于这两个反应的速率常数之比很大, 基本上只得到单一的氧桥产物。生成氧桥产物的反应活化焓比较小, 活化熵比较大。活化熵对反应速率常数比值的贡献是不可忽略的。     

Synthesis of enantiopure 3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octen-7-one derivatives via intramolecular Pauson-Khand cycloaddition reaction using tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal as starting material

Some N-substituted-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octen-7-one derivatives have been synthesized in an enantiomerically pure form starting from tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal via intramolecular Pauson-Khand (IPK) cycloaddition.     

Functionalized azabicycloalkane amino acids by nitrone 1,3-dipolar intramolecular cycloaddition

[reaction: see text] An efficient and operationally simple method for the synthesis of functionalized azaoxobicyclo[X.3.0]alkane amino acids has been devised. The key step is an intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition on 5-allyl- or 5-homoallylproline that was found to be completely regio- and stereoselective.     

Synthesis of an azulene lactone by an intramolecular [6+4] cycloaddition

Intramolecular cycloadditions of 6-fulvenyl 2.2-dimethyl-3,5-hexadienoate produce both [6+4] and [4+2] adducts. The [6+4] adduct can be converted into an azulene lactone. Less highly substituted fulvenyl diene esters give analogous products in modest yields.     

Synthesis of a 1,8-naphthyridin-5-one derivative via an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction

Synthesis of a 1,8-naphthyridin-5-one derivative [(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-(3-chloro-6-hydroxymethyl-8-methyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-5-one (9) ] is described starting from 2-chloronicotinic acid using an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction as the key step.     

A stereoselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar nitrone cycloaddition for the synthesis of substituted chromanes

A stereoselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar nitrone cycloaddition useful in the synthesis of chromanes is described. The reaction relies on the use of a chiral auxiliary on the nitrone partner. Key to the success of the reaction is the choice of auxiliary and the choice of Lewis acid catalyst. Utilizing an auxiliary with a pendant coordinating group, and Zn(OTf)(2) as the Lewis acid, diastereoselectivities up to 22:1 could be achieved.     

Total synthesis of (+)-epilupinine via an intramolecular nitrile oxide-alkene cycloaddition

Total synthesis of (+)-epilupinine was accomplished in nine steps and in 48% overall yield, in which INOC was used as the key step for the construction of the quinolizidine skeleton. We found that it was an extremely difficult task to prepare the key intermediates (R)-N-(3-nitropropyl)-2-vinylpiperidine or (R)-(2-vinylpiperid-1-yl)propanal by routine methods. Thus, by using Fukuyama's oxime synthesis, a general method was developed for highly efficient conversion of 3-(N,N-dialkylamino)propanols into 3-(N,N-dialkylamino)propanal oximes without using the corresponding aldehydes.     

Synthesis and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of a new enantiopure cyclic nitrone

A new enantiopure cyclic nitrone has been efficiently synthesized from a d-glyceraldehyde derivative. Its 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to different classes of dipolarophiles show complete antifacial selectivity, furnishing highly functionalized enantiopure bicyclic isoxazolidines.     

Synthesis of chiral oxepanes and pyrans by 3-O-allylcarbohydrate nitrone cycloaddition (3-OACNC)

3-O-Allylcarbohydrate nitrone cycloaddition (3-OACNC) furnished pyran and oxepane derivatives from 3-O-allyl hexose N-benzyl nitrones and 3-O-allyl furanoside-5-aldehyde N-benzyl/methyl nitrones. The regioselectivity of 3-OACNC was found to depend on the following factors (a) the structural nature of the nitrone (b) substitution and stereochemistry at 3-C of the carbohydrate backbone (c) substitution at the terminus of the O-allyl moiety. Oxepanes or pyrans obtained from a particular set of a hexose nitrone and the corresponding furanoside nitrone were converted to enantiomeric cyclic ethers through degradation. A mixture of an oxepane and a pyran was formed in the intramolecular oxime olefin cycloaddition (IOOC) of a 3-O-allylcarbohydrate derived oxime.     

Unusual cycloaddition of an unsaturated nitrone to a vinylogous ester

The anomalous addition of α-dichloro-N-cyclohexylpropanaldonitrone (1) to the carbonyl of quinoidal, vinylogous ester 2 is reported.     

The diastereoselective synthesis of functionalised isoxazolidines using a Cope elimination/intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition strategy

Functionalised hydroxylamine derivatives of (S)-prolinol prepared by a Cope elimination have been found to undergo oxidation to the nitrone either in the presence of air or a catalytic quantity of TPAP. These undergo intramolecular cycloaddition to give tricyclic isoxazolidines with high diastereoselectivity.     

Stereoselective synthesis of chiral oxepanes and pyrans through intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition in organized aqueous media

[reaction: see text] A highly stereoselective surfactant-catalyzed intramolecular nitrone (formed by dehydration in water) cycloaddition in aqueous media leading to exclusive formation of a single isomer is reported. Either oxepane or pyran is formed from 3-O-allyl furanoside derivatives, which constitute the framework of a large number of biologically active compounds. Therefore, the environmentally friendly, efficient, and highly stereoselective syntheses of these chiral intermediates are still a meaningful pursuit.     

Synthesis of 3-amino-4-nitropyrazoles

3-Bromo-1,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole does not react upon heating with aqueous ammonia, while 1,5-dimethyl-3,4-dinitropyrazole under the same conditions yields 3-amino-1,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole, which is formed from 3-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole in the presence of a copper catalyst. The amination of 1-methyl-3,4-dinitropyrazole-5-carboxylic acid is accompanied by decarboxylation, which is characteristic for 4-substituted 1-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acids upon heating in aqueous ammonia or water.     

Synthesis of new-type 1,3,6-triazocine via intramolecular reactions of iodocyclization and [3+2] azido cycloaddition

Selective iodocyclization of 6-(alkenylamino)-1-allylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines provided hydrogenated derivatives of 1-allyl-8(9)-iodomethylimidazo(pyrimido)[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidines which were further reacted with NaN₃ at 75°С to 80°С to give a series of new-type 1,3,6-triazocines annulated with the pyrazole, pyrimidine, imidazole (or pyrimidine), and 1,2,3-triazole rings. The compounds synthesized were structurally characterized by analytical, spectral (IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, HPLC-mass), and X-ray diffraction data.