Nanoporous solvate of N,N-phthaloyl-glycine

N,N-phthaloyl-glycine is synthesized under microwave activation without solvent. Its nanoporous solvate is obtained by recrystallization. The solvate is studied by single crystal and powder XRD, thermogravimetry, and mass spectrometry. The crystals are composed of dimers that form a framework structure with infinite channels of about 4 ? in diameter, containing a non-stoichiometric amount of chloroform (the mole fraction is close to 0.35). The nature of the incorporated solvate molecules is determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry, and their quantity is found by thermogravimetry.     

Reactivity series for s-BuLi/diamine-mediated lithiation of N-Boc pyrrolidine: applications in catalysis and lithiation of N-Boc piperidine

Using competition experiments between a range of ligands and (-)-sparteine, a reactivity series for N-Boc pyrrolidine lithiation using s-BuLi/diamines has been constructed; the results indicate that the s-BuLi/(+)-sparteine surrogate complex is more reactive than s-BuLi/(-)-sparteine and this has been exploited in the selection of ligand pairs for ligand exchange catalytic asymmetric lithiation of N-Boc pyrrolidine and lithiation of N-Boc piperidine.     

Thermal degradation of poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)/N-methylpyrrolidone crystal solvate

<正>The thermal degradation of poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)/N-methylpyrrolidone(PASS/NMP) crystal solvate was studied by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and was compared with pure PASS in order to determine the way in which the formation of the crystal solvate affected the thermal properties of the polymer.The activation energy of the solid state process was determined using Kissinger's method,which does not require knowledge of the reaction mechanism(RM),to be 174.18 kJ/mol which was lower than that for pure PASS(E=214 kJ/mol).The study of master curves together with interpretation of integral methods,allows confirmation that the thermal degradation mechanism for PASS in the crystal solvate system is a decelerated R_n type,which is a solid-state process based on a phase boundary controlled reaction,in the conversion range considered.Whereas,the pure PASS follows a decelerated D_n thermodegradation mechanism in the same conversion range.     

New conformer of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20). Crystal and molecular structures of the CL-20 solvate with glyceryl triacetate

Crystallization of CL-20 in different plasticizers (gyceryl triacetate and diethyleneglycol dinitrate) was studied. IR spectra of the crystals obtained under various conditions, as a rule, do not correspond to the spectra of known modifications. Crystal and molecular structures of the CL-20 solvate with glyceryl triacetate were studied. A new stable conformer of the CL-20 molecule was discovered.     

Selective methodologies for the synthesis of biologically active piperidinic compounds

The synthesis of optically active substituted piperidines has been achieved by using four different methodologies. The first one is an intramolecular nucleophilic displacement of activated alcohol moieties that was used to build up the piperidine ring of (-)-prosophylline and (-)-slaframine, and the second one is a ring-closing metathesis of unsaturated amines which was employed in the synthesis of (+)-sedamine and 4a,5-dihydrostreptazoline. The third methodology is the alpha-functionalization of N-Boc piperidines which was particularly useful in the synthesis of argatroban, and the fourth one is a ring expansion of prolinols to 3-chloropiperidines or 3-hydroxypiperidines which was utilized to synthesize (-)-paroxetine, (-)-pseudoconhydrine, the piperidine ring of (-)-velbanamine and (+)-zamifenacin.     

Supramolecular organization of the crystals of allylsulfide clathrochelate: influence of the nature of solvate molecules

The influence of the nature of solvate molecules on the supramolecular organization of the crystals of -benzyldioximate FeBd₂((AllylS)₂Gm)(BF)₂ clathrochelate containing the allylsulfide substituents was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

An efficient synthetic methodology of chiral isoquinuclidines by the enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of 1,2-dihydropyridines using chiral cationic palladium-phosphinooxazolidine catalyst

High purity chiral isoquinuclidines (97% ee) were obtained from the enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of 1-phenoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydropyridine with 1-benzyl-2-acryloylpyrazolidin-3-one using chiral cationic palladium-phosphinooxazolidine (Pd-POZ) catalyst. The obtained DA adduct was easily converted to the chiral piperidine derivative bearing three stereogenetic centers in the structure.     

Blue or green glowing crystals of the cation [Au{C(NHMe)2}2]+. Structural effects of anions, hydrogen bonding, and solvate molecules on the luminescence of a two-coordinate gold(I) carbene complex

Depending upon the crystallization conditions, [Au{C(NHMe) 2} 2](AsF 6) forms colorless crystals that display a blue or green luminescence. The difference involves the type of solvate molecule that is incorporated into the crystal and the structure of the chains of cations that are formed upon crystallization. The crystallographically determined structures of blue-glowing [Au{C(NHMe) 2} 2](AsF 6).0.5(benzene), blue-glowing [Au{C(NHMe) 2} 2](AsF 6).0.5(acetone), green-glowing [Au{C(NHMe) 2} 2](AsF 6).0.5(chlorobenzene), and blue-glowing, solvate-free [Au{C(NHMe) 2} 2](EF 6), E = P, As, Sb are reported. All pack with the cations forming extended columns, which may be linear or bent, but all show significant aurophilic interactions. The blue-glowing crystals have ordered stacks of cations with some variation in structural arrangement whereas the green-glowing crystals have disorder in their stacking pattern. Although there is extensive hydrogen bonding between the cations and anions in all structures, in the solvated crystals, the solvate molecules occupy channels but make no hydrogen-bonded contacts. The emission spectra of these new salts taken at 298 and 77 K are reported.     

Hexaphenylhexaphosphinane benzene solvate

In the molecular crystal of hexaphenylhexaphosphinane benzene solvate, C₃₆H₃₀P₆·C₆H₆, representing the trigonal form of phosphobenzene as a solvate, the six‐membered ring of P atoms adopts a chair conformation wherein the six phenyl groups are located in equatorial positions. The molecules [molecular symmetry (C_3i)] are stacked infinitely along the c‐axial direction.     

Synthesis of alpha-kainic acid from a 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene by tandem radical addition-homoallylic radical rearrangement

Reductive radical addition of 2-iodoethanol to N-Boc 2-tosyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene gives N-Boc syn-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-tosyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene, which is converted into the neuroexcitants 3-(carboxymethyl)pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid and alpha-kainic acid. [structure: see text]     

Remote stereocenter discrimination in the enzymatic resolution of piperidine-2-ethanol. Short enantioselective synthesis of sedamine and allosedamine

Kinetic resolution of N-Boc-piperidine-2-ethanol (2), a case of remote stereocenter discrimination, was accomplished by sequential transesterification mediated by two enzymes, Lipase PS and porcine pancreatic lipase, showing opposite enantioselectivity. The gram-scale availability of the two enantiomeric N-Boc alcohols 2a (R) and 2c (S) enlarges their synthetic exploitation for the enantioselective preparation of piperidine alkaloids. As an example, the convenient three-step synthesis of both the enantiomers of sedamine and allosedamine is described.     

Synthesis and reactions of 2-and 4-substituted furo[3,2-c]pyridines

Substituted furopropenoic acids were prepared from appropriate aldehyde under the Doebner’s conditions. Obtained acids were converted to the corresponding azides, which were cyclized by heating in Dowtherm to furopyridones. These compounds were aromatized with phosphorus oxychloride to chloro derivatives of furo[3,2-c]pyridine (Va, Vb). Chloro derivative Vb was reduced with hydrazine hydrate to 2-(4-aminophenyl)furo[3,2-c]pyridine in ethanol and Pd/C as a catalyst. Chloro derivative Va was converted to 4-amino-2-(3-pyridyl)furo[3,2-c]pyridine under the same conditions. The chlorine atom in other chloro derivatives (VIIa, VIIb) was replaced by nucleophilic substitution with alkoxides (sodium ethoxide, propoxide, and isopropoxide) and the corresponding alkoxy derivatives were formed. By reaction of VII with cyclic secondary amines (morpholine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine) 4-substituted furopyridines were prepared.     

Desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry reveals in situ modification of a hindered amine light stabiliser resulting from direct N-OR bond cleavage

Detection and characterisation of structural modifications of a hindered amine light stabiliser (HALS) directly from a polyester-based coil coating have been achieved by desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) for the first time. In situ detection is made possible by exposing the coating to an acetone vapour atmosphere prior to analysis. This is a gentle and non-destructive treatment that allows diffusion of analyte to the surface without promoting lateral migration. Using this approach a major structural modification of the HALS TINUVIN?123 (bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate) was discovered where one N-ether piperidine moiety (N-OC(8)H(17)) is converted to a secondary piperidine (N-H). With the use of 2-dimensional DESI-MS imaging the modification was observed to arise during high curing temperatures (ca. 260 °C) and under simulated physiological conditions (80 °C, full solar spectrum). It is proposed that the secondary piperidine derivative is a result of a highly reactive aminyl radical intermediate produced by N-O homolytic bond cleavage. The nature of the bond cleavage is also suggested by ESR spin-trapping experiments employing α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) in toluene at 80 °C. The presence of a secondary piperidine derivative in situ and the implication of N-OR competing with NO-R bond cleavage suggest an alternative pathway for generation of the nitroxyl radical-an essential requirement in anti-oxidant activity that has not previously been described for the N-ether sub-class of HALS.     

Asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched (+)-elaeokanine A

The key transformation in the total synthesis of (+)-elaeokanine A was accomplished by asymmetric deprotonation of N-Boc pyrrolidine, followed by the reaction of the in situ generated enantioenriched stereogenic cuprate reagent with (E)-4-bromo-1-iodo-1-trimethylsilyl-1-butene with retention of configuration. N-Boc deprotection, followed by a one-pot olefin isomerization and intramolecular amine alkylation afforded a bicyclic vinyl bromide that was converted into (+)-elaeokanine A by sequential halogen metal exchange and reaction of the organolithium reagent with N-butanoylmorpholine.     

Synthesis of trans-3,4-Dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine Opioid Antagonists: Application of the Cis-Thermal Elimination of Carbonates to Alkaloid Synthesis

Improved syntheses of twotrans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine opioid antagonists from 1,3-dimethyl-4-piperidinone are described. The 1,3-dimethyl-4-arylpiperidinol 23 was selectively dehydrated in a two step process to the 1,3-dimethyl-4-aryl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 26 by the cis-thermal elimination of the corresponding alkyl carbonate derivative at 190 degrees C. In the presence of a basic nitrogen, the success of the elimination was found to be critically dependent upon the nature of the carbonate alkyl group, with Et, i-Bu, and i-Pr being preferred (90% yield). Alkylation of the metalloenamine, formed by deprotonation of 26 with n-BuLi, proceeded regio- and stereospecifically to give the trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine 27, which was converted in three steps to the common intermediate, (3R,4R)-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine. LY255582, a centrally-active opioid antagonist, and LY246736-dihydrate, a peripherally-active opioid antagonist, were prepared from 1,3-dimethyl-4-piperidinone in 11.8% yield (8 steps) and 6.2% yield (12 steps), respectively.     

Structure of 4-anilinopiperidine analgesics. I. The structure of the 2:1 solvate of 1(e)-(2-phenethyl)-2(e),5(a)-dimethyl-4(e)-(N-propionylanilino)-piperidine bisulfate monohydrate with cyclohexanone

An x-ray diffraction structural analysis was carried out using Cu radiation with 2975 reflections, 64° to R=0.073 for the bisulfate of the major component of the narcotic analgesic, phenaridine (1-(2-phenethyl)2,5-dimethyl-4-(N-propionylanilino)-piperidine citrate). The crystals studied obtained from cyclohexanone are a double solvate containing 1/2 randomly disordered cyclohexanone molecule and one water molecule per formal salt unit. The unit cell parameters for the monoclinic crystals are as follows: a=15.231(2), b=14.946(2), c=13.070(2) Å, -104.23(1)°, space group P2₁/c, Z=4. The methyl groups in the compound studied occupy the 2-equatorial and 5-axial positions relative to the piperidine ring. Taking account of the equatorial positions of the substitutents at the 1- and 4-positions of the piperidine ring, the compound designated should be designated the rel-(1R,2R,4S,5R) isomer. The cation has an extended conformation with ordinary geometric parameters. The relative arrangement of the pharmacophoric groups in the cation (benzene rings A and F, piperidine ring D, and the amide fragment) is similar to that for the groups in T-shaped morphine-like molecules.Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR. Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 30, No. 5, pp. 102–107, September–October, 1989.     

Acylation of piperidine and morpholine with phenyl benzoates in the mixtures water-2-propanol and water-dioxane

Kinetics of acylation of piperidine and morpholine with 4-nitro- and 2,6-dinitrophenyl benzoates was studied in binary systems water-2-propanol and water-dioxane. Structural and energy characteristics of solvate complexes of morpholine and piperidine with the components of the mixed solvents were calculated. Kinetic regularities of acylation are considered from the viewpoint of specific solvation of amines.     

Pressure-induced formation of a solvate of paracetamol

Recrystallisation of paracetamol from a solution in methanol at a pressure of 0.62 GPa gives a new 1:1 solvate that has been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Quantitative determination of paroxetine and its 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy metabolite in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetic studies

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with tandem mass spectrometric detection is described for the determination of paroxetine, an antidepressant drug, and its metabolite (3S,4R)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenoxymethyl)piperidine (HM paroxetine) in human plasma. Plasma samples were hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid and then analytes were extracted with ethyl acetate at alkaline pH. Extracts were analysed by HPLC coupled to an atmospheric pressure ionisation-electrospray (ESI) interface and an ion trap mass spectrometer. Chromatography was performed on a reversed-phase column using acetonitrile/0.02% formic acid (66:34, v/v) as a mobile phase. The mass spectrometer was operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was validated over concentration ranges of 0.75-100 microg/L and 5-100 microg/L for paroxetine and HM paroxetine, respectively. Mean recoveries of 77% for paroxetine and 76% for HM paroxetine were found, with precision always better than 15%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.20 and 0.70 microg/L for paroxetine, and 0.70 and 2.20 microg/L for its metabolite. The method was applied to the analysis of plasma samples obtained from nine healthy male volunteers administered with a single oral dose of 20 mg paroxetine. After the 20-mg dose, the mean peak plasma concentration was 8.60 microg/L for paroxetine and 92.40 microg/L for HM paroxetine showing a tenfold ratio between the metabolite and the parent drug along the entire time-concentration curve.     

Synthesis of substituted 3-arylpiperidines and 3-arylpyrrolidines by radical 1,4 and 1,2-aryl migrations

A route to 3-arylpiperidines and 3-arylpyrrolidines involving radical 1,4- and 1,2-aryl migrations has been explored. For the piperidines, the first route requires a xanthate addition to an N-allylarylsulfonamide, followed by acetylation and treatment with lauroyl peroxide to give the corresponding 1,4-aryl transfer product. This compound can be converted into the desired piperidine derivative following acidic hydrolysis. For the second approach to piperidines, addition of an α-keto xanthate to olefins of type 14 causes 1,2-aryl migration leading to an α,β-unsaturated ester, which can be converted into a piperidine by the action of ammonia or a primary amine and sodium cyanoborohydride. Substituted 3-arylpyrrolidines can be obtained by simply starting with an α-amido substituted xanthate.