Solid-Phase Functionauzation of Isotactic Polypropylene with Maleic Anhydride. Influence of Solvents and Additives on the Level of the Reaction

Abstract

Radical reaction between isotactic polypropylene and maleic anhydride initiated by peroxide at temperatures lower than the melting point of the polymer in the absence of liquid medium in the solid phase was studied. It was found that conversion of the reaction in the case of mixing of reagents into a pulverized polymer by the impregnation method is satisfactory in comparison with reaction conversion in the melt. It was found that reaction conversion in the solid phase can be increased up to 30% in the presence of a small amount of an organic solution, such as xylene (5 to 10%).     

Initial Pyrolysis Reactions in Unmodified and Flame-Retardant Cotton

Abstract

Thermogravimetric data were used to make Arrhenius plots for the vacuum pyrolyses of unmodified cotton and of cotton finished with various add-ons of THPOH-NH3 and THPS-urea-Na₂HPO₄ flame retardants. These plots show that all pyrolyses occurred in consecutive stages: The first and second initial stages, associated with the less ordered regions of the cotton fibers, and the main cellulose pyrolysis reaction, associated with cellulose crystallites. Cotton decrystallized by ball milling showed only the two initial pyrolysis stages. The second stage followed first-order kinetics. The first pyrolysis stage in unmodified cotton was characterized by a moderately low activation energy and by a large negative entropy of activation; the second stage showed a larger activation energy and a less negative entropy of activation. Mechanisms involving cellulose chain scission and chain unzipping are proposed for the first and second stages, respectively. Add-on of the two flame retardants had contrasting effects on the two initial pyrolysis stages. These effects are explained in terms of the way in which the flame retardants are deposited in the less ordered regions of cotton fibers.     

膨胀型聚氨酯防火涂料阻燃机理的研究

用自制的新型成炭剂和聚磷酸铵复配作为聚氨酯防火涂料的阻燃体系。采用热失重分析、扫描电镜、红外光谱和元素分析等手段对膨胀型聚氨酯防火涂料的阻燃机理进行了较为深入的研究．     

Additives for UV-curable coatings and inks

UV-curable silicones are a highly specialised class of compounds that can be applied in various applications e.g. as additives in UV-curable inks and coatings or as release coatings on paper and plastic substrates. Basically two classes of radiation curable silicones are available on the market today. Both, the free radical and the cationic curing process, offer each unique advantages to the customer. Applied as additives in UV-curable inks and coatings they offer several advantages such as improved wetting behaviour, scratch resistance, flow and levelling of the UV-curable inks and coatings. Additionally, the efficient cross-linking properties minimise the risk of migration.     

Macromolecular Non-Releasing Additives for Commercial Polyolefins

Four comonomers bearing a highly efficient phenolic antioxidant unit and different distance between the antioxidant moiety and the double bond have been prepared and tested in co-polymerization with ethylene by means of three selected metallocene based catalysts. The possibility to obtain a masterbach suitable for melt blending with commercial polyolefins has been evaluated by modifying: i) the structure of the functionalized comonomer, ii) the kind of catalyst, iii) the polymerization conditions. The pair rac-[Me₂Si-(2-Me-4,5-BenzInd)₂]ZrCl₂ catalyst and comonomer with the longest spacer (8 methylene units) allowed the highest comonomer incorporation, while with rac-(EBTHI)ZrCl₂ catalyst the highest polymerization activity was observed. TGA analysis has been carried out on some of the copolymers in order to investigate the influence of type and amount of the comonomer on their thermal stability and to test the efficiency of the antioxidant group both in nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere.     

锂离子电池安全性添加剂*

作为锂离子电池的一个重要组成部分,电解质对电池的性能有重要影响。有机电解液功能添加剂是近年来锂离子电池研究中的一个热点。本文介绍了锂离子电池有机电解液阻燃剂和过充电保护剂改善电池安全性的作用机理、特点以及它们的研究应用现状,并对各种添加剂的优缺点作了简要评价。     

Polypropylene ionomers

The preparation and properties of highly crystalline ionomers formed by the copolymerization of propylene and low levels of ethylcholoroaluminium 10-undecenoate have been investigated. Few of the variables studied had dramatic effects on the copolymerization. Thus, a five-fold increase in undecenoate concentration gave only about a 20% increase in acid incorporation into the copolymer. Increasing temperature resulted in increased acid content, but handling problems in a I gal stirred reactor limited polymerization of 80°C. Rates were lowered in the presence of complex, but the effect was minimized by hydrogen. Rheological measurements showed an increase in low shear melt viscosity of the pottasium salts by up two orders of magnitude relative to the acid from. Ionomers containing two or more carboxyl groups as their potassium salts, and having a broad molecular weight distribution, had an extended rubbery plateau range, covering most of the shear ranges of normal processing. The zero-shear activation energy for viscous flow was 42 kcal, comparable to ABS and polystyrene. These ionomers are promising candidates for thermoforming applications     

Rheological Behavior for Mica-filled Polypropylene Composite Melts

The study on rheological properties of a series of mica-filled polypropylene (PP) composites was carried out. The influence of surface-treatment of mica particles on dynamic rheological behavior of the composites were dealt with. The viscosity (η) and dynamic modulus ( G‘ ) of the composite melts were higher than those of PP matrix, especially those for systems treated with silane, which was attributed to the interfacial adhesion enhancement. However, surface-treatment of mica by titanate resulted in lower η and G‘, as compared with the treatment by silane. The reason for this is believed to be the formation of the mono-molecular layer on the mica surface.     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯/聚苯磷酸二苯砜酯体系的性能研究

混合热计算和FTIR分析表明，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）与聚苯膦酸二苯砜酯（PSPPP）具有一定的相容性．不同PSPPP含量的PET均具有较高的热稳定性，PET／PSPPP体系的阻燃性随阻燃剂PSPPP含量的增加而提高，PSPPP重量百分含量为5％（下同）的阻燃PET体系的LOI值可达到30．1．由不同分子量的PSPPP构成的各种配比的PET体系，其表现粘度随切变速率的增大而降低，PSPPP的分子量较低的阻燃体系比分子量较高的体系具有更低的粘度，其差值随温度的升高而增大．     

阻燃超疏水棉纤维的制备及性能

将氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)₂)凝胶沉积到棉纤维上,以提高棉纤维表面粗糙度和阻燃性能,随后将含有Mg(OH)₂的棉纤维浸渍到聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)溶液,获得阻燃超疏水棉织物。 并对棉纤维进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、疏水性、热稳定性、阻燃性能和耐久性测试。 结果表明,Mg(OH)₂负载到织物上,使得织物表面具有一定的微/纳米结构,形成了粗糙涂层。 当Mg(OH)₂浓度为1.0 mol/L时,Mg(OH)₂/PDMS改性的织物接触角(CA)可达158°,极限氧指数(LOI)提升至24.5%,导热系数为0.0525 W/(m·K), 具有超疏水和阻燃性能。 整理后织物经过20次洗涤,100次磨擦,极端条件处理后,CA仍大于150°,LOI值高于23%,显示了较好的耐久性。     

可膨胀石墨阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能

在原料中添加可膨胀石墨(EG),采用一步法合成了阻燃型高回弹聚氨酯软泡,研究了EG对泡沫性能的影响.用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察了EG粒子在泡沫内的固着状态及其对泡孔形貌和泡沫燃烧后的炭层形貌的影响.垂直-水平燃烧实验和极限氧指数实验检测了EG的添加量对于泡沫燃烧的抑制情况.考察了EG粒子的含量对泡沫密度、拉伸及压缩力学...     

猪饲料微量元素添加剂新型配方

微量元素对于猪的快速生长、抗病解毒、改良肉质、提高营养等功能已无容置疑。在市场上的猪微量元素添加剂品种多而杂,微量元素之间比例失调,达不到预想的效果。由于微量元素不平衡,导致猪的多种疾病发生。因此,研制一种新型的猪微量元素添加剂很有必要。新型的猪微量元素添加剂应有提高免疫、防病治病、快速生长、平衡营养、改善肉质、增红肉色等功能。还应有提高饲料的净利用率、改善饲料中营养物质的可消化性、蛋白质沉积量增加、脂肪沉积量降低、肠道细菌数减少、降低饲料的额外损失、肠道壁变薄、营养物质的吸收增加、随着微量元素吸收率的提高而使猪对寄生虫感染的抵抗能力也随之增加等效果。这些功能和效果,微量元素都具有,只要按照微量元素剂量效应规律和生命微量元素谱的最佳组合原则去设计配方,就可以达到目的。     

聚丙烯改性研究

采用马来酸酐、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、三羟甲基丙烷三基丙烯酸酯对聚丙烯进行改性。以自由基反应机理为基础，讨论了引发剂用量、反应时间、改性试剂的种类、用量等因素对改性ＰＰ凝胶含量及性能的影响，提出了力学性能的优选条件。得到了力学性能优良的改性ＰＰ，为其进一步功能化提供了理论参考。     

Plasma Oxidation of Polypropylene Fibers for Concrete Reinforcement

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - In this project, the fibers were applied to increase the tensile strength of the concrete and produce fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Polypropylene (PP) is...     

Polypropylene oxidation kinetics

Differential thermal analysis methods have been used to investigate the kinetics of oxidation of isotactic polypropylene. The interpretation of results is based on an oxidation mechanism that emphasizes the role of hydroperoxide production. The mechanism has been simulated by computer methods, and the rate constants for the abstraction of labile hydrogen atoms as well as an apparent energy of activation are obtained.     

Reactive Nanocomposites as Versatile Additives for Composite Propellants

A new approach to improve the performance of composite propellants was developed in which reactive nanocomposites (RNCs) are used as replacements for aluminum powders in composite solid rocket propellants. The new materials are mechanically activated nanothermites comprising of nano‐powders of aluminum as the fuel as well as oxides of copper, iron, molybdenum, or nickel as the oxidizer. The obtained RNCs were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The obtained RNCs were used for preparation of modified composite solid rocket propellants (CSRPs). Burning rate, thermal decomposition behavior, heat of combustion, sensitivity, and mechanical properties of CSRPs were determined. The results showed increases in the combustion energy and the burning rate of the modified propellants were achieved, and that RNCs can be considered to be promising multi‐function additives for composite solid rocket propellants. In addition, the mechanical properties and sensitivities of the modified propellants are within the desired range.     

电解铜箔添加剂研究进展

介绍了电解铜箔添加剂的研究现状和进展;指出随着信息产业的不断发展,对电子产品印刷电路板(PCB)制作的要求不断提高,而对关键的电解铜箔技术所用的添加剂的要求也日益苛刻.同时就电解铜箔添加剂的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为今后国内电解铜箔行业的发展提供参考.