A Note on t-SFT-rings

We define a nonzero ideal A of an integral domain R to be a t-SFT-ideal if there exist a finitely generated ideal B ? A and a positive integer k such that a ^k  ? B _v for each a ? A _t , and a domain R to be a t-SFT-ring if each nonzero ideal of R is a t-SFT-ideal. This article presents a number of basic properties and stability results for t-SFT-rings. We show that an integral domain R is a Krull domain if and only if R is a completely integrally closed t-SFT-ring; for an integrally closed domain R, R is a t-SFT-ring if and only if R[X] is a t-SFT-ring; if R is a t-SFT-domain, then t ? dim R[[X]] ≥ t ? dim R. We also give an example of a t-SFT Prüfer v-multiplication domain R such that t ? dim R[[X]] > t ? dim R.     

Remarks on Taylor Series Expansions and Conditional Expectations for Stratonovich SDEs with Complete V‐Commutativity

Abstract

It may happen that there is not a finite maximum order bound for numerical approximations of stochastic processes X = (X _t : 0 ≤ t ≤ T) satisfying Stratonovich stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with some commutative structure along an appropriate functional V(t, X _t ). This statement can be proven with respect to the concept of mean square convergence under the assumption of “infinite smoothness” of drift a(t, x) and diffusion coefficients b ^j (t, x) and with finite initial second moments. As a result, we obtain an infinite series expansion of the conditional expectation 𝔼[V(t, X _t )|? _t ^N ] on any fixed finite time interval [0, T], provided that the information is collected by discretized σ‐field ? _T ^N  = σ{W _{t 0} , W _{t 1} , …, W _{t N?1} , W _T } at N + 1 given time instants t _i  ∈ [0, T] with t ₀ ≤ t ₁ ≤ ··· ≤ t _N?1 ≤ t _N  = T.     

Ample Vector Bundles with Small g − q

Let X be a smooth complex projective variety and let Z ? X be a smooth submanifold of dimension ≥ 2, which is the zero locus of a section of an ample vector bundle ? of rank dim X ? dim Z ≥ 2 on X. Let H be an ample line bundle on X, whose restriction H _Z to Z is generated by global sections. The structure of triplets (X,?,H) as above is described under the assumption that the curve genus of the corank-1 vector bundle ? ⊕ H ^{⊕ (dim Z?1)} is ≤ h ¹( _X ) + 2.     

Projective Varieties Swept Out by Rational Normal Curves

Let X ? ? ⁿ be a complex nondegenerate projective variety of dimension m ≥ 2. For t ≤ n ? m and a general q ∈ ? ⁿ , the linear space L _q spanned by q and t general points of X meets X in a finite set of points. We classify those X ? ? ⁿ for which there exists a point q ∈ ? ⁿ such that L _q meets X in a positive dimensional variety. If this occurs, there exists d ≤ n ? m such that a degree d rational normal curve through d general points of X is contained in X. Examples of this situation are provided. An infinitesimal generalization of part of the main result is also stated.     

A Generalized Global Cartan Decomposition: A Basic Example

Suppose G ₁ ?  G are complex linear simple Lie groups. Let  ₁ ?  be the corresponding pair of Lie algebras. For the Killing-orthogonal  of  ₁ in  we have a vector space direct sum  =  ₁⊕ , which generalizes the classical Cartan decomposition on the Lie algebras level. In this article we study the corresponding problem of a ‘generalized global Cartan decomposition’ on the Lie groups level for the pair of groups ( G , G ₁) = (SL (4,?),Sp (2,?)); here  =  (4,?),  ₁ =  (2,?), and  = {X ?  | X ^? = X}, where X? X ^? is the symplectic involution. We prove that G  =  G ₁exp  ∪ i G ₁exp . The key point of the proof is to study in detail the set exp ; and for that purpose we introduce the J-twisted Pfaffian of size 2n defined on the set of all 2n × 2n matrices X satisfying X ^? = X, which is here a natural counterpart of the standard Pfaffian.     

PrÜfer-Like Domains and the Nagata Ring of Integral Domains

A subring A of a Prüfer domain B is a globalized pseudo-valuation domain (GPVD) if (i) A?B is a unibranched extension and (ii) there exists a nonzero radical ideal I, common to A and B such that each prime ideal of A (resp., B) containing I is maximal in A (resp., B). Let D be an integral domain, X be an indeterminate over D, c(f) be the ideal of D generated by the coefficients of a polynomial f ∈ D[X], N = {f ∈ D[X] | c(f) = D}, and N _v  = {f ∈ D[X] | c(f)^?1 = D}. In this article, we study when the Nagata ring D[X] _N (more generally, D[X] _{N v} ) is a GPVD. To do this, we first use the so-called t-operation to introduce the notion of t-globalized pseudo-valuation domains (t-GPVDs). We then prove that D[X] _{N v} is a GPVD if and only if D is a t-GPVD and D[X] _{N v} has Prüfer integral closure, if and only if D[X] is a t-GPVD, if and only if each overring of D[X] _{N v} is a GPVD. As a corollary, we have that D[X] _N is a GPVD if and only if D is a GPVD and D has Prüfer integral closure. We also give several examples of integral domains D such that D[X] _{N v} is a GPVD.     

Minimal graded free resolutions for monomial curves in 𝔸4 defined by almost arithmetic sequences

Let m = (m₀, m₁, m₂, n) be an almost arithmetic sequence, i.e., a sequence of positive integers with gcd(m₀, m₁, m₂, n) = 1, such that m₀ < m₁ < m₂ form an arithmetic progression, n is arbitrary and they minimally generate the numerical semigroup Γ =m₀? +m₁? +m₂? +n?. Let k be a field. The homogeneous coordinate ring k[Γ] of the affine monomial curve parametrically defined by X₀ = t^m₀, X₁ = t^m₁, X₂ = t^m₂, Y = tⁿ is a graded R-module, where R is the polynomial ring k[X₀, X₁, X₂, Y] with the grading degX_i: = m_i, degY: = n. In this paper, we construct a minimal graded free resolution for k[Γ].     

Prophet Regions for Discounted,Uniformly Bounded Random Variables

Abstract

Let X ₁, X ₂,… be any sequence of [0,1]-valued random variables. A complete comparison is made between the expected maximum E(max _j≤n Y _j ) and the stop rule supremum sup _t E Y _t for two types of discounted sequences: (i) Y _j  = b _j X _j , where {b _j } is a nonincreasing sequence of positive numbers with b ₁ = 1; and (ii) Y _j  = B ₁… B _j?1 X _j , where B ₁, B ₂,… are independent [0,1]-valued random variables that are independent of the X _j , having a common mean β. For instance, it is shown that the set of points {(x, y): x = sup _t E Y _{{(x, y): x=sup t E Y} and y = E(max _j≤n Y _j ), for some sequence X ₁,…,X _n and Y _j  = b _j X _j }, is precisely the convex closure of the union of the sets {(b _j x, b _j y): (x, y) ∈ C _j }, j = 1,…,n, where C _j  = {(x, y):0 ≤ x ≤ 1, x ≤ y ≤ x[1 + (j ? 1)(1 ? x ^1/(j?1))]} is the prophet region for undiscounted random variables given by Hill and Kertz [8 Hill , T.P. , and R.P. Kertz . 1983 . Stop rule inequalities for uniformly bounded sequences of random variables . Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 278 : 197 – 207 . [CSA]  [Google Scholar]]. As a special case, it is shown that the maximum possible difference E(max _j≤n β ^j?1 X _j ) ? sup _t E(β ^t?1 X _t ) is attained by independent random variables when β ≤ 27/32, but by a martingale-like sequence when β > 27/32. Prophet regions for infinite sequences are given also.     

On Derived Equivalences for Selfinjective Algebras

We show that if A is a representation-finite selfinjective Artin algebra, then every P ^? ? K ^b(𝒫 _A ) with Hom _K(Mod?A)(P ^?,P ^?[i]) = 0 for i ≠ 0 and add(P ^?) = add(νP ^?) is a direct summand of a tilting complex, and that if A, B are derived equivalent representation-finite selfinjective Artin algebras, then there exists a sequence of selfinjective Artin algebras A = B ₀, B ₁,…, B _m  = B such that, for any 0 ≤ i < m, B _i+1 is the endomorphism algebra of a tilting complex for B _i of length ≤ 1.     

Varieties of restriction semigroups and varieties of categories

The variety of restriction semigroups may be most simply described as that generated from inverse semigroups (S, ·, ^?1) by forgetting the inverse operation and retaining the two operations x⁺ = xx^?1 and x* = x^?1x. The subvariety B of strict restriction semigroups is that generated by the Brandt semigroups. At the top of its lattice of subvarieties are the two intervals [B₂, B₂M = B] and [B₀, B₀M]. Here, B₂ and B₀ are, respectively, generated by the five-element Brandt semigroup and that obtained by removing one of its nonidempotents. The other two varieties are their joins with the variety of all monoids. It is shown here that the interval [B₂, B] is isomorphic to the lattice of varieties of categories, as introduced by Tilson in a seminal paper on this topic. Important concepts, such as the local and global varieties associated with monoids, are readily identified under this isomorphism. Two of Tilson's major theorems have natural interpretations and application to the interval [B₂, B] and, with modification, to the interval [B₀, B₀M] that lies below it. Further exploration may lead to applications in the reverse direction.     

Quasi-Frobenius Corings and Quasi-Frobenius Extensions

In this article, the notions of a Frobenius pair of functors and Frobenius corings are generalized to an l-QF pair of functors and l-QF corings. We prove that an extension ι:B → A is left quasi-Frobenius if and only if (F ₁,G ₁) is an l-QF pair of functors, where F ₁: _A ? →  _B ? is the restriction of scalars functors, and G ₁ = A? _{B ^?} : _B ? →  _A ? is the induction functor. For an A-coring , we prove that  is an l-QF coring if and only if A → ? is an l-QF extension and _A  is a finitely generated projective modules if and only if (G ₂,F ₂) is an l-QF pair of functors, where G ₂ =  ? _{A ^?} : _A ? →  ? is the induction functor, F ₂:  ? →  _A ? is the forgetful functor, the result of Brzezinski is generalized.     

Chains of Rings with Local Formal Fibers

Let (T, M) be a complete local domain containing the integers. Let p ₁ ? p ₂ ? ··· ? p _n be a chain of nonmaximal prime ideals of T such that T _{p n} is a regular local ring. We construct a chain of excellent local domains A _n  ? A _n?1 ? ··· ? A ₁ such that for each 1 ≤ i ≤ n, the completion of A _i is T, the generic formal fiber of A _i is local with maximal ideal p _i , and if I is a nonzero ideal of A _i then A _i /I is complete. We then show that if Q is a nonmaximal prime ideal of T and 1 ≤ h = ht _T Q, then there is a chain of excellent local domains B ₀ ? B ₁ ? ··· ? B _h  ? T such that for every i = 0, 1, 2,…, h we have ht(Q ∩ B _i ) = i, the completion of B _i is isomorphic to T[[X ₁, X ₂,…, X _i ]] where the X _j 's are indeterminants, and the formal fiber of Q ∩ B _i is local.     

Inverse Problems for Time-Dependent Singular Heat Conductivities: Multi-Dimensional Case

We consider an inverse boundary value problem for the heat equation ? _t u = div (γ? _x u) in (0, T) × Ω, u = f on (0, T) × ?Ω, u| _t=0 = u ₀, in a bounded domain Ω ? ? ⁿ , n ≥ 2, where the heat conductivity γ(t, x) is piecewise constant and the surface of discontinuity depends on time: γ(t, x) = k ² (x ∈ D(t)), γ(t, x) = 1 (x ∈ Ω?D(t)). Fix a direction e* ∈ 𝕊 ^n?1 arbitrarily. Assuming that ?D(t) is strictly convex for 0 ≤ t ≤ T, we show that k and sup {e*·x; x ∈ D(t)} (0 ≤ t ≤ T), in particular D(t) itself, are determined from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map : f → ?_ν u(t, x)|_{(0, T)×?Ω}. The knowledge of the initial data u ₀ is not used in the proof. If we know min_0≤t≤T (sup _x∈D(t) x·e*), we have the same conclusion from the local Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. Numerical examples of stationary and moving circles inside the unit disk are shown. The results have applications to nondestructive testing. Consider a physical body consisting of homogeneous material with constant heat conductivity except for a moving inclusion with different conductivity. Then the location and shape of the inclusion can be monitored from temperature and heat flux measurements performed at the boundary of the body. Such a situation appears for example in blast furnaces used in ironmaking.     

Powers of Elements and Monomial Ideals #

All monomial ideals I ? k[X ₀,…, X _d ] are classified which satisfy the following condition: If f ∈ I with f ⁿ  ∈ I ⁿ⁺¹ for some n, then f ∈ (X ₀,…, X _d ) I.     

Functorial Properties of Star Operations

We define a universal star operation to be an assignment *: A ? * _A of a star operation * _A on A to every integral domain A. Prime examples of universal star operations include the divisorial closure star operation v, the t-closure star operation t, and the star operation w = F _∞ of Hedstrom and Houston. For any universal star operation *, we say that an extension B ? A of integral domains is *-ideal class linked if there is a group homomorphism Cl_{* A} (A) → Cl_{* B} (B) of star class groups induced by the map I ? (IB)^{* _B} on the set of * _A -ideals I of A. We study several natural subclasses of the class of *-ideal class linked extensions.     

Linear preservers and quantum information science

In this article, a brief survey of recent results on linear preserver problems and quantum information science is given. In addition, characterization is obtained for linear operators φ on mn?×?mn Hermitian matrices such that φ(A???B) and A???B have the same spectrum for any m?×?m Hermitian A and n?×?n Hermitian B. Such a map has the form A???B???U(?₁(A)????₂(B))U* for mn?×?mn Hermitian matrices in tensor form A???B, where U is a unitary matrix, and for j?∈?{1,?2}, ? _j is the identity map?X???X or the transposition map?X???X ^t . The structure of linear maps leaving invariant the spectral radius of matrices in tensor form A???B is also obtained. The results are connected to bipartite (quantum) systems and are extended to multipartite systems.     

Uppers to Zero in Polynomial Rings and Prüfer-Like Domains

Let D be an integral domain and X an indeterminate over D. It is well known that (a) D is quasi-Prüfer (i.e., its integral closure is a Prüfer domain) if and only if each upper to zero Q in D[X] contains a polynomial g ∈ D[X] with content c _D (g) = D; (b) an upper to zero Q in D[X] is a maximal t-ideal if and only if Q contains a nonzero polynomial g ∈ D[X] with c _D (g) ^v  = D. Using these facts, the notions of UMt-domain (i.e., an integral domain such that each upper to zero is a maximal t-ideal) and quasi-Prüfer domain can be naturally extended to the semistar operation setting and studied in a unified frame. In this article, given a semistar operation ☆ in the sense of Okabe–Matsuda, we introduce the ☆-quasi-Prüfer domains. We give several characterizations of these domains and we investigate their relations with the UMt-domains and the Prüfer v-multiplication domains.     

On the Unit Groups of Commutative Modular Group Algebras of KT-Groups

ABSTRACT

In this article, we prove that the inner projection of a projective curve with higher linear syzygies has also higher linear syzygies. Specifically, if a very ample line bundle ? on a smooth projective curve X satisfies property N _p for p  ≥  1 and H ¹ (? ^? 2) =  0 , then ?( ?  q ) satisfies property N _{p ? 1} for any point q  ∈  X . We also give simple proofs of well-known theorems about syzygies and raise some questions related to the line bundles of degree 2 g which do not satisfy property N ₁ .     

Maximal plurisubharmonic functions and the polynomial hull of a completely circled fibration

LetX(-ϱB ^m ×C ⁿ be a compact set over the unit sphere ϱB ^m such that for eachz∈ϱB ^m the fiberX _z ={ω∈C ⁿ ;(z, ω)∈X} is the closure of a completely circled pseudoconvex domain inC ⁿ . The polynomial hull ofX is described in terms of the Perron-Bremermann function for the homogeneous defining function ofX. Moreover, for each point (z ₀,w ₀)∈Int there exists a smooth up to the boundary analytic discF:Δ→B ^m ×C ⁿ with the boundary inX such thatF(0)=(z ₀,w ₀). This work was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Science of the Republic of Slovenia.     

Purity and Self-Small Groups

Let A be an abelian group. A group B is A-solvable if the natural map Hom(A, B) ?  _E(A) A → B is an isomorphism. We study pure subgroups of A-solvable groups for a self-small group A of finite torsion-free rank. Particular attention is given to the case that A is in , the class of self-small mixed groups G with G/tG? ? ⁿ for some n < ω. We obtain a new characterization of the elements of , and demonstrate that  differs in various ways from the class  ? of torsion-free abelian groups of finite rank despite the fact that the quasi-category ?  is dual to a full subcategory of ?  ?.