2022年度工程热物理与能源利用学科国家自然科学基金管理工作综述

统计和分析了2022年度国家自然科学基金委员会工程热物理与能源利用学科(E06)自然科学基金的申请、受理、评审和资助情况。介绍了2022年度学科在加强“双碳”目标下能源转化利用领域的战略研究与立项工作。介绍了学科2022年度亮点资助成果和2023年度工作展望。     

特种电源技术研究进展概述

特种电源技术是电源技术研究领域中极为活跃的研究方向,与存在广泛市场需求的通用电源技术相比,其与物理、化学、材料科学与工程、环保、生物医学、高新装备、航空航天等科研、军事、工程领域的发展关系更为紧密。近年来,在大科学工程、高新装备等的需求推动下,特种电源技术研究综合应用电工、电子、材料和计算机技术等多个学科的科技成果取得显著技术进步,研发投入和产业规模迅速增长。本文结合流体物理研究所特种电源研究成果,对特种电源近年来的研究进展作简要分析。     

《光学学报》关键词规范

本刊所刊登学术论文必须在摘要后列出不少于四个关键词。第一个关键词列出该文章主要工作所属学科名称。第二个关键词列出该文研究得到的成果名称。第三个关键词列出该文在得到上述成果或结论时采用的科学研究方法的具体名称。第四个关键词列出前三个关键词没有出现的 ,但是被该文作为主要研究对象的事或物质的名称。如有需要 ,第五、第六个关键词等列出作者认为有利于检索和文献利用的其他关键词。为了使作者在撰写论文时更准确地选择第一关键词 ,本刊特推荐以下学科名称 (34个 ) ,请作者从中选用。大气与海洋光学Atmosphericandoceanopti…     

透镜型量子点中类氢杂质基态能的计算

通过有效质量近似和变分法，研究了垂直磁场下透镜型量子点中类氢杂质基态能量，并与球型量子点进行了比较.研究表明：对于球型量子点，基态能仅与杂质的偏离距离有关，与垂直和水平偏离无关；而对于透镜型量子点，由于水平方向和垂直方向束缚势的非对称性，电子基态能不仅与杂质的偏离距离有关，还与杂质偏离方向有关. 关键词： 透镜型量子点 基态能 变分法     

言语知觉研究

言语知觉是心理学的一个领域，其发展与语音学、语音工程和人工智能等许多学科有关．本文简要介绍了在认知心理学和其它相关学科的推动下，言语知觉发展的主线、当前的主要问题和研究现状。     

光与新型氧化物材料的相互作用及其应用

文章概述了光与几种新型氧化物材料相互作用研究现状,应用和将来可能的发展方向,这些新型氧化物包括高温氧化物超导体,巨磁电阻材料和铁电体,介绍了光激发状态下氧化物的输运特性,电磁特性的变化规律,报道了近年来主要的实验方法和研究结果,总结了光与氧化物相互作用时有关光响应和光激发的可能机制,讨论了现有实验结果的潜在应用,指出了将来在材料工程,光电器件,信息技术等方面应用的研究方向。     

计算流体力学专题序言

<正>计算流体力学是20世纪下半叶,伴随计算机技术和计算数学的发展而蓬勃兴起的一门新兴学科,至今为止仍然是流体力学领域最活跃的方向之一.计算流体力学全面带动了流体力学的发展,并与数学、物理、化学、工程、生物等学科形成深度交叉和融合,在航空航天、船     

《光学学报》关键词规范

本刊所刊登学术论文必须在摘要后列出不少于四个关键词。第一个关键词列出该文章主要工作所属学科名称。第二个关键词列出该文研究得到的成果名称。第三个关键词列出该文在得到上述成果或结论时采用的科学研究方法的具体名称。第四个关键词列出前三个关键词没有出现的,但是被该文作为主要研究对象的事或物质的名称。如有需要,第五、第六个关键词等列出作者认为有利于检索和文献利用的其他关键词。     

声学是一门科学--声学:科学、技术与艺术之一

声学是一门具有广泛应用性的学科，涉及到人类生产、生活及社会活动的各个方面；同时声学又是一门具有很强交叉渗透性的学科，与各种新学科、新技术相互作用，相互促进，不断地吸收、应用和发展新的思想，增强了声学的生命力、竞争力和学术与艺术魅力．本文从科学、技术与艺术等几个方面，介绍了声学的学科发展，特别是在科学与技术上的新的研究方向与进展．     

碳纳米管Y形分子结的热导率与热整流现象

基于碳纳米管Y形分子结的结构重构, 通过非平衡分子动力学方法和量子修正, 模拟分析了Y形分子结的热导率和热整流现象. 研究表明: 相对单根完整碳管, Y形分子结在不同温度下导致热导率大约12%–85%的下降; Y结主干向分支方向的导热能力强于分支向主干方向的导热能力; Y结降低热导率的作用随着温度的升高逐渐减小; Y结的热整流效果随着温度的上升先减弱后增强. 关键词： 碳纳米管 热导率 热整流     

Bibliometric Mapping of Literature on High-Entropy/Multicomponent Alloys and Systematic Review of Emerging Applications

High-entropy/multicomponent alloy (HEA/MCA) has received significant research attention in the last decade. There is a dearth of data-driven works dedicated to assessing and visualizing the HEA/MCA literature from a global perspective. To this end, we present the first bibliometric literature analysis of more than 3500 HEA/MCA articles, published between 2004 and 2021, in the Scopus database. We identify the most prolific authors, their collaborators, institutions, and most prominent research outlet. Co-occurrence networks of keywords are mapped and analyzed. A steep rise in research outputs is observed from 2013, when the number of annual publications doubled the previous years. The top five preferred research outlets include Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Materials Science and Engineering A, Scripta Materialia, Intermetallics, and Acta Materialia. Most of these publications emanate from researchers and institutions within China, USA, and Germany, although international scientific collaboration among them is lacking. Research gaps and future research directions are proposed, based on co-occurrence frequencies of author keywords. Finally, a brief systematic review of emerging applications, covering hydrogen storage, additive manufacturing, catalysis, and superconductivity, is undertaken. This work provides an important comprehensive reference guide for researchers to deepen their knowledge of the field and pursue new research directions.     

Bibliometric analysis of core journals which publish articles of physical therapy on aging

Objective. Increase in population''s longevity has led to considerable efforts worldwide on physical therapy aging research. The aim of this study is to identify which are the main scientific journals, as well as the most productive authors, institutions and keywords related to the journals, that have published about physical therapy and aging. Methods. Original articles published from 1990 to 2014 were retrieved from the bibliographic database Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. After standardization of the bibliographic information, a series of bibliometric indicators was obtained regarding authors, institutions, citation and keywords of the core journals using bibliometric software. The PAJEK network analysis program was used for graphic representation. Results. A total of 2,237 original articles are included in this analysis. The number of identified journals is 573, with an average growth of publishing journals throughout the studied period of 9.41%. Bradford''s distribution shows 12 core journals, out of which 41.67% have published constantly all throughout the 25-year period, being the most productive one Physical Therapy. Fritz, Julie M is the most productive author, and University of Sydney the most productive institution. The keyword exercise is used in an outstanding way. Conclusions. The productivity trends provided an indication of the greater scientific interest of physical therapy in aging as a line of research. Collectively, the data indicated that physical therapy-specific journals are being consolidated but non-specific are still a significant research source, and that a fundamental element of their research includes exercise and movement.     

Electro-optic modulation of light propagating near the optic axis with any polarization in uniaxial crystals

The electro-optic effect in uniaxial crystals for light propagating near the optic axis with any polarization has been analyzed. The passive and the electrically induced birefringences and the rotation of polarization direction in crystals have been calculated, and the conoscopic interference figures under orthogonal polariscopes for different polarizer directions have been plotted. The extinction areas caused by the rotation of polarization direction in crystals change with the polarizer direction, but the two heads of the induced optical axes do not vary, which are always on the induced principal axis with bigger refractive index. The directions of polariscopes are always extinction, and the ±45° directions with polarizer are always complete transmission. The conoscopic interference figures for LiNbO₃ crystals have been demonstrated experimentally by rotating polariscopes directions, which accord with the theoretically calculating plots.     

New directions of femtochemistry and femtobiology

In recent years, femtochemistry and femtobiology have been quickly progressing. The specific characteristics of femtosecond pulses have extended the possibilities of traditional experiments and allowed obtaining new previously inacceptable information. New lines of research have emerged. This publication overviews studies performed at the Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. These studies cover three new directions: the mechanisms of intramolecular physicochemical processes occurring on the femto-picosecond timescale, coherent photochemistry based on the action of femtosecond pulses, and physicochemical processes initiated by multiphoton absorption of femtosecond radiation. The scope of these directions is illustrated by the results of studies of actual chemical and biological systems.     

Plotting the Words of Econophysics

Text mining is applied to 510 articles on econophysics to reconstruct the lexical evolution of the discipline from 1999 to 2020. The analysis of the relative frequency of the words used in the articles and their “visualization” allow us to draw some conclusions about the evolution of the discipline. The traditional areas of research, financial markets and distribution of wealth, remain central, but they are flanked by other strands of research—production, currencies, networks—which broaden the discipline by pushing towards a dialectical application of traditional concepts and tools drawn from statistical physics.     

Vibrational properties of (0 0 1) III-V nitride superlattices

We study the acoustic waves of superlattices grown along the [0 0 1] direction and formed by slabs of cubic III-V nitride. We consider structures formed by combining AlN, GaN and InN in the zinc-blende structure because of the possible applications of these materials. The anisotropy of the materials has been taken into account and the different propagation directions including symmetry directions and general directions have been considered. The dispersion relations for these propagation directions have been obtained. The evolution of gaps along the propagation directions is studied. Total gaps for some propagation directions and frequency ranges are found in GaN-InN superlattices.     

Multiferroic materials and magnetoelectric physics: symmetry,entanglement, excitation,and topology

Multiferroics are those materials with more than one ferroic order, and magnetoelectricity refers to the mutual coupling between magnetism (spins and/or magnetic field) and electricity (electric dipoles and/or electric field). In spite of the long research history in the whole twentieth century, the discipline of multiferroicity has never been so highly active as that in the first decade of the twenty-first century, and it has become one of the hottest disciplines of condensed matter physics and materials science. A series of milestones and steady progress in the past decade have enabled our understanding of multiferroic physics substantially comprehensive and profound, which is further pushing forward the research frontier of this exciting area. The availability of more multiferroic materials and improved magnetoelectric performance are approaching to make the applications within reach. While seminal review articles covering the major progress before 2010 are available, an updated review addressing the new achievements since that time becomes imperative. In this review, following a concise outline of the basic knowledge of multiferroicity and magnetoelectricity, we summarize the important research activities on multiferroics, especially magnetoelectricity and related physics in the last six years. We consider not only single-phase multiferroics but also multiferroic heterostructures. We address the physical mechanisms regarding magnetoelectric coupling so that the backbone of this divergent discipline can be highlighted. A series of issues on lattice symmetry, magnetic ordering, ferroelectricity generation, electromagnon excitations, multiferroic domain structure and domain wall dynamics, and interfacial coupling in multiferroic heterostructures, will be revisited in an updated framework of physics. In addition, several emergent phenomena and related physics, including magnetic skyrmions and generic topological structures associated with magnetoelectricity will be discussed. The review is ended with a set of prospectives and forward-looking conclusions, which may inevitably reflect the authors' biased opinions but are certainly critical.     

An overview of the material physics and chemistry development in the ROC since 1980

The promotion of overall national science and technology development, support for academic research, and the establishment and administration of the science-based industrial parks are the three basic missions of the National Science Council (NSC) of the Republic of China (ROC). The NSC embarked upon its first large-scale national discipline planning effort in 1985. A second discipline and resource planning effort was undertaken in 1993. To ensure that the revised research areas conformed to national needs and international trends, a full-scale review and revision of discipline and resource plans was conducted in 1995. Prior to 1980, the primary interest of material research was in metals. With the establishment of several major materials research institutions and material physics and chemistry research initiatives during the 1980s, material research in Taiwan entered a period of greater diversity. The resulting growth in academic achievement can be exemplified by the steady increase in the number of academic papers included in the prestigious international database Science Citation Index, as well as Taiwan's relative rank. In this article, we review and summarize the major initiatives undertaken by the NSC and their impacts on material physics and chemistry development in Taiwan.     

物理学家视角下的科学史

科学技术史是一个特殊的学科,不同的人对它的理解和认识不尽相同.物理学家对于科学史的认识有其特殊的视角.他们相信再现科学家科学研究的实际细节最具有教育意义.他们还认为从社会人的角度研究科学家是科学史的重要部分.这一视角有助于建立科学文化与人文文化两者的和谐关系.     

Synthesis of Graphene and Its Applications: A Review

Graphene, one-atom-thick planar sheet of carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice, has grabbed appreciable attention due to its exceptional electronic and optoelectronic properties. The reported properties and applications of this two-dimensional form of carbon structure have opened up new opportunities for the future devices and systems. Although graphene is known as one of the best electronic materials, synthesizing single sheet of graphene has been less explored. This review article aims to present an overview of the advancement of research in graphene, in the area of synthesis, properties and applications, such as field emission, sensors, electronics, and energy. Wherever applicable, the limitations of present knowledgebase and future research directions have also been highlighted.