Vacuum-free fabrication of high-performance semitransparent perovskite solar cells via e-glue assisted lamination process

From a base material of conductive polymer(poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate),PEDOT:PSS),a flexible and high-conductivity(as low as 45Ω/sq)transparent electrode was fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane elastomer by an acid treatment and transfer process.Combined with the D-sorbitol-doped PEDOT:PSS electric glue,we successfully demonstrated a vacuum-free and ambient lamination fabrication process for semi-transparent perovskite solar cells using triple cation Cs_(0.05)(MA_(0.17)FA_(0.83))_(0.95)Pb(I_(0.83)Br_(0.17))_3perovskite.By this manufacturing-friendly lamination process,we fabricated semitransparent perovskite solar cell devices with power conversion efficiencies up to 16.4%and variable transparencies.     

Recent advances in high-performance semitransparent perovskite solar cells

Semitransparent perovskite photovoltaics have been developed to realize practical applications, such as windows in buildings/automobiles or the top cells of tandem devices. Among the functional layers constituting solar cell devices, fabricating efficient semitransparent light absorbers is one of the key issues for developing semitransparent devices. This short review describes the recent strategies for structuring semitransparent perovskite layers to achieve high performance in terms of both power conversion efficiency and transmittance.     

Modification of compact TiO2 layer by TiCl4-TiCl3 mixture treatment and construction of high-efficiency carbon-based CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells

In the construction of high performance planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs),the modification of compact TiO2 layer and engineering of perovskite/TiO2 interface...     

Strategies from small-area to scalable fabrication for perovskite solar cells

Recently,perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have flourished,and their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has increased from the initial 3.8％ to 25.2％ in 2019,which is...     

Biopolymer passivation for high-performance perovskite solar cells by blade coating

Thin films of perovskite deposited from solution inevitably introduce large number of defects,which serve as recombination centers and are detrimental for solar cell performance.Although many small molecules and polymers have been delicately designed to migrate defects of perovskite films,exploiting credible passivation agents based on natural materials would offer an alternative approach.Here,an ecofriendly and cost-effective biomaterial,ploy-L-lysine(PLL),is identified to effectively passivate the defects of perovskite films prepared by blade-coating.It is found that incorporation of a small amount(2.5 mg mL^-1)of PLL significantly boosts the performance of printed devices,yielding a high efficiency of 19.45% with an increase in open-circuit voltage by up to 100 mV.Density functional theory calculations combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the functional groups(-NH2,-COOH)of PLL effectively migrate the Pb-I antisite defects via Pb-N coordination and suppress the formation of metallic Pb in the blade-coated perovskite film.This work suggests a viable avenue to exploit passivation agents from natural materials for preparation of high-quality perovskite layers for optoelectronic applications.     

Low temperature fabrication of efficient porous carbon counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Porous carbon counter electrodes have been fabricated at low temperature by coating an organic binder free carbon slurry onto F-doped tin oxide conducting glass. The carbon slurry is prepared by ball-milling a dispersion of activated carbon in aqueous SnCl₄ solution. During ball-milling, SnCl₄ hydrolyzes and transforms into stannic acid gel, which acts as an inorganic “glue” to connect the carbon particles during film preparation. Dye-sensitized solar cells employing this carbon electrode achieve efficiency as high as 6.1% which is comparable to that of the cells using sputtering Pt as counter electrode.     

Low temperature fabrication of flexible carbon counter electrode on ITO-PEN for dye-sensitized solar cells

<正>A novel low temperature method was used to prepare the mesoporous carbon(MC) counter electrode(CE) on indium-doped tin oxide coated polyethylene naphthalate(ITO-PEN) for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs).The obtained flexible MC CEs with carbon loading of 280μg cm~(-2) were characterized by SEM,XRD and electrochemical impedance.The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the DSSC fabricated with the prepared flexible MC CE was 86%of that of DSSC based on the decomposited Pt CE.     

Defect passivation of CsPbI_2Br perovskites through Zn(Ⅱ) doping:toward efficient and stable solar cells

Defect passivation is an important strategy to achieve perovskite solar cells(PVSCs) with enhanced power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) and improved stability because the trap states induced by defects in the interfaces and grain boundaries of perovskites are harmful to both large open circuit voltage and high photocurrent of devices. Here, zinc cations(Zn~(2+)) were used as a dopant to passivate defects of the CsPbI_2Br perovskite leading to Zn~(2+)-doped CsPbI_2Br film with fewer trap states, improved charge transportation, and enhanced light-harvesting ability. Thus, the best-performance PVSC based on CsPbI2 Br with the optimal Zn~(2+)doping shows a higher PCE of 12.16% with a larger open-circuit voltage(V_(OC)) of 1.236 V, an improved shortcircuit current(J_(SC)) of 15.61 mA cm~(-2) in comparison with the control device based on the pure CsPbI_2Br which exhibits a PCE of 10.21% with a V_(OC)of 1.123 V, a J_(SC)of 13.27 mA cm~(-2). Time-resolved photoluminescence results show that the Zn~(2+)doping leads to perovskite film with extended photoluminescence lifetime which means a longer diffusion length and subsequently enhanced photocurrent and open circuit voltage. This work provides a simple strategy to boost the performance of PVSCs through Zn~(2+)doping.     

Recent studies on small molecular and polymeric hole-transporting materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells

A decade of significant research has led to the emergence of photovoltaic solar cells based on perovskites that have achieved an exceptionally high-power conversion efficiency of 26.08%. A key breakthrough in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) occurred when solid hole-transporting materials (HTMs) replaced liquid electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), because HTMs play a crucial role in improving photovoltaic performance as well as cell stability. This review is mainly focused on the HTMs that are responsible for hole transport and extraction in PSCs, which is one of the crucial components for efficient devices. Here, we have reviewed small molecular as well as polymeric HTMs that have been reported in the last two years and discussed their performance based on the analysis of their molecular architectures. Finally, we include a perspective on the molecular engineering of new functional HTMs for highly efficient stable PSCs.     

A strategic review on processing routes towards scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells have reached a power-conversion efficiency(PCE) of 25.6%,showing great potential with reliable moisture and heat stability.Most results are achieved on small-area devices,using conventional thin-film processing technologies like spin-coating method.However,such approaches may not be upscaled for large-area substrates.Thus,strategies and materials need to be developed for manufacturing processing routes to realize future commercial photovoltaic fabrications.Notable results have been achieved on large-area perovskite solar cells.In this review,similarities and differences of large-area perovskite fabrication mechanisms between the various pathways are investigated,especially on the parameters affecting the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics.Moreover,the methods for large-area transporting layers and electrodes are discussed,and some key issues from cells to modules.Challenges and opportunities are proposed to pave the way of high-efficiency perovskite solar modules.     

Self-doped n-type water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polymers ETL for high-performance polymer and perovskite solar cells

正Electron transporting layer(ETL)materials have attracted much attention in recent years in the research fields of organic/polymer solar cells(OSCs/PSCs)and planar perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs),because ETL materials play very important role in improving the photovoltaic performance of devices.Among the ETL materials reported in literatures,conjugated polymer poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)](PFN)show good film-forming property and excellent device performance for the small area PSCs.But the ETL of PFN     

Beyond two-dimension: One-and zero-dimensional halide perovskites as new-generation passivators for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) as a rising star in the photovoltaic field have received rapidly increasing attention recently due to the boosting power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) from 3.8% to 25.7% in the last13 years. Nevertheless, the conventional PSCs with three-dimensional(3D) halide perovskites as light absorbers suffer from inferior PCEs and poor durability under sunlight, high-temperature and humid conditions due to the high defect amount and structural instability of 3D perovskites, res...     

Planar core based starburst triphenylamine molecules as hole transporting materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells

<正>Starburst triphenylamine molecules are generally used as hole transporting materials (HTMs) for optoelectronic devices like solar cells, light emitting diode and field effect transistors [1]. The use of starburst triphenylamine molecules like spiro-OMeTAD HTM initiated the construction of solid state perovskite solar cells (PSCs)[2,3]. Currently, based on triphenylamine HTMs, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs is up to 22.1%[4]. Nowadays, spiro-     

Room temperature fabrication of porous ZnO photoelectrodes for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

We fabricated ZnO photoelectrodes at room temperature by doctor-blading ZnO gel; the adequate interparticle connection and the effective ammonia activation process improved the flexible DSC's efficiency to 3.8% (under 100 mW cm(-2)).     

Intermediates transformation for efficient perovskite solar cells

Perovskite materials have made a great progress in terms of the power conversion efficiency(PCE), rising from 3.8% to 25.2%. To obtain pinhole-free, superior crystal, and high-quality perovskite films with less defect, intermediates transformation is important, which has been clearly studied and widely applied.In this review, we systematically summarize the commonly formed intermediates and detailedly analyze their mechanisms from five aspects:(1) Solvent-induced intermediate;(2) HI-induced intermediate;(3)CH3NH2-induced intermediate;(4) MAAc-induced intermediate;(5) other intermediates. Finally, we also provide some prospects on high-quality perovskite fabrication based on using intermediates prudently.     

Effect of temperature on the efficiency of organometallic perovskite solar cells

In recent years perovskite solar cells have attracted an increasing scientific and technological interest in the scientific community. It is important to know that the temperature is one of the factors which have a strong effect on the efficiency of perovskite solar cell. This study communicates a temperature analysis on the photovoltaic parameters of CH_3NH_3PbI_3-based perovskite solar cell in a broad interval from 80 to 360 K. Strong temperature-dependent photovoltaic effects have been observed in the type of solar cell, which could be mainly attributed to CH_3NH_3PbI_3, showing a ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition at low temperature(T 160 K). An increase in temperature over the room temperature decreased the perovskite solar cell performance and reduced its efficiency from 16% to 9%. The investigation with electronic impedance spectroscopy reveals that at low temperature(T 120 K) the charge transport layer limits the device performance, while at high temperature(T 200 K), the interfacial charge recombination becomes the dominant factor.     

Molecular ferroelectrics for efficient perovskite solar cells

During the past decade,the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have exceeded 25%[1],which is expected to be one of the candidates for the next generation of thin-film photovoltaic technology.Fundamentally speaking,the performance of PSCs mainly depends on the light absorption capacity,defect passivation and photo-induced exciton separation and extraction of perovskite films.Under the light illumination,photo-induced excitons were separated and extracted by the built-in electric field of PSCs.     

Fast-growing procedure for perovskite films in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells

A fast-growing procedure (FGP) to fabricate perovskite films with large grain sizes is described in this article. In the FGP method, the perovskite precursor solution is coated onto the substrates at a temperature of ~240 ℃. The solvent in the precursor solution evaporates quickly in about 2 s, resulting in the rapid formation of a perovskite film without further annealing process. Millimeter-scale perovskite grain clusters are obtained in the film. Based on such perovskite films, fabricated planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells give a power conversion efficiency (PCE) above 8%.     

Ambient Air Temperature Assisted Crystallization for Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells

Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites, as alternative light absorbers for organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells, have attracted more and more attention due to their superb thermal stability for photovoltaic applications. However, the humid air instability of CsPbI₂Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) hinders their further development. The optoelectronic properties of CsPbI₂Br films are closely related to the quality of films, so preparing high-quality perovskite films is crucial for fabricating high-performance PSCs. For the first time, we demonstrate that the regulation of ambient temperature of the dry air in the glovebox is able to control the growth of CsPbI₂Br crystals and further optimize the morphology of CsPbI₂Br film. Through controlling the ambient air temperature assisted crystallization, high-quality CsPbI₂Br films are obtained, with advantages such as larger crystalline grains, negligible crystal boundaries, absence of pinholes, lower defect density, and faster carrier mobility. Accordingly, the PSCs based on as-prepared CsPbI₂Br film achieve a power conversion efficiency of 15.5% (the maximum stabilized power output of 15.02%). Moreover, the optimized CsPbI₂Br films show excellent robustness against moisture and oxygen and maintain the photovoltaic dark phase after 3 h aging in an air atmosphere at room temperature and 35% relative humidity (R.H.). In comparison, the pristine films are completely converted to the yellow phase in 1.5 h.     

Additive engineering for stable halide perovskite solar cells

Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25％,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic te...