微通道换热器大温差条件下流动换热研究

随着高效预冷器在航天航空领域发挥越来越重要的作用,紧凑高效换热器的研究成为了人们关注的热点。本文基于紧凑微通道换热器的几何特征,针对矩形截面平行流道换热器内超临界压力低温流体(氢和氦)在大温差条件下的流动换热现象进行数值模拟研究。通道截面边长小于1 mm,热流体氦和冷流体氢的进出口温差均大于600 K。通道内流体换热系数在顺流和逆流条件下有不同的变化趋势,并出现峰值。换热量随着通道宽度的增大而增大,流动压降随着通道宽度的增大而减小。冷热流体逆流时换热量大,压降较小,但对换热器材料要求较高。     

纳米流体微通道流动换热数值模拟研究

采用计算流体动力学方法,对两种不同浓度的水-Al2O3纳米流体以及五种不同高宽比的微通道热沉的流动换热特性开展了数值模拟研究.结果 表明,提高纳米颗粒体积分数可降低流固换热面的平均温度,从而提升纳米流体的换热能力,但同时也会显著提升系统的泵功率;通过改变微通道高宽比可有效提升热沉的换热能力,增大高宽比能够有效降低热沉受...     

微通道换热器流动和传热特性的研究

通过对微通道换热器流动和传热特性的研究,设计了实验方案并建立了相应的实验装置,结合流动、传热特性的相关准则,得出了雷诺数Re-摩擦系数f,雷诺数Re、普郎特数Pr-努谢尔特数Nu间关系的实验模型,并对该模型进行了分析。     

采用微通道换热器的分离式热管空调性能的试验研究

设计了基于微通道换热器的分离式热管空调系统,针对充液率、室内外温差以及冷凝器布置方式对空调性能的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明:高充液率和低充液率均会使分离式热管空调换热性能降低,系统最佳充液率为110%左右;室内外温差对分离式热管空调性能的影响显著,传热量随着温差的增大而增大,分离式热管空调传热量在20℃温差时比8℃温差时增加了348%;微通道冷凝器垂直布置时比平行布置时空调系统的充注量小,制冷量大。     

基于纳米磁流体微通道内流动换热性能研究

为探究磁场强度和肋片高度对微通道内Fe₃O₄-H₂O纳米磁流体流动换热性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,以开放式间断微通道热沉为研究对象,在雷诺数为200到500之间展开数值模拟研究,模拟微通道内流体工质流动换热过程。结果表明：进出口压降随雷诺数的增大而增大,且随着磁场强度的增大,压降的增大趋势愈显著;微通道的换热性能随着磁场强度的增大,呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;通过增加肋片高度,可以有效的提高热沉的传热性能。研究发现,开放型微通道综合换热性能优于封闭型,在所研究的参数范围内,微通道肋片高度达到0.9 mm时,综合换热性能和均温性最佳。     

微通道换热器结露工况下的性能实验研究

微通道换热器因其换热效率高、制冷剂充注量小等特点,被广泛应用于汽车空调,但当其作为家用空调系统蒸发器使用时会因为结露而影响换热性能。该文以微通道换热器为研究对象,针对其结露工况下的换热性能进行实验研究,讨论结露前后空气进口状态参数及迎面风速对其换热性能的影响。通过研究发现,结露对空气进出口压降有很大影响,结露前后压降增幅127%以上;结露对空气侧换热系数同样存在较大影响,换热系数降幅约14.6%。     

微通道换热器复合翅片的传热特性研究

研究了管径对微通道换热器传热性能的影响,并在百叶窗翅片的基础上开发了两种复合翅片。计算结果表明:在同一迎面风速下,1mm管径的百叶窗翅片Nu数分别比1.5mm和1.8mm管径的大4.8%~10.5%和24.6%~25.8%。JF值增加11%~15%和26%~28%,说明管径为1mm时微通道换热器的综合性能更好。与百叶窗翅片相比,百叶窗-三角翼复合翅片的换热系数减小1.9%~5.4%,但压降降低7.8%~12.7%,表明复合翅片是一种高效低阻翅片。     

微通道-微槽群中间换热器特性实验研究

对用于固体激光介质冷却的组合式中间换热器的流动与传热特性进行了实验研究。实验研究结果表明：努塞尔数随雷诺数的增加而增加,总热阻随微通道侧蒸馏水流量的增加而减小,总换热量随微通道侧蒸馏水流量的增加而增加,且换热器的传热系数可以达到1.5×104 W/(m2·K),总热阻小于0.3 K/W,能较好地解决当前固体激光介质冷却系统中间换热器所存在的问题。     

微通道-微槽群中间换热器特性实验研究

 对用于固体激光介质冷却的组合式中间换热器的流动与传热特性进行了实验研究。实验研究结果表明：努塞尔数随雷诺数的增加而增加，总热阻随微通道侧蒸馏水流量的增加而减小，总换热量随微通道侧蒸馏水流量的增加而增加，且换热器的传热系数可以达到1.5×104 W/(m²·K)，总热阻小于0.3 K/W，能较好地解决当前固体激光介质冷却系统中间换热器所存在的问题。     

电动汽车空调室外换热器空气侧流动换热模拟研究

采用数值模拟方法对室外微通道换热器翅片侧空气流动换热性能进行仿真计算, 探讨了在制冷工况下,不同百叶窗结构对微通道换热器空气侧传热及流动特性的影响. 结果表明j 因子的模拟结果与实验关联式之间的平均偏差在7.8% 以内,f 因子的平均误差在7.35 % 以内, 符合工程应用要求. 雷诺数较低时, 传热因子j 和阻力因子f 都随Fp 的增大而减小, 雷诺数较高时,Fp 对两者的影响不明显; 随着开窗角度增加换热器换热系数会呈现先增加后减小的趋势, 同时压降会随开窗角度的增大而有所升高.     

Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Gas-to-Gas Counterflow Microchannel Heat Exchanger

Heat transfer characteristics of a gas-to-gas counterflow microchannel heat exchanger have been experimentally investigated. Temperatures and pressures at inlets and outlets of the heat exchanger have been measured to obtain heat transfer rates and pressure drops. The heat transfer and the pressure drop characteristics are discussed. Since the partition wall of the heat exchanger is thick compared with the microchannel dimensions, a simple heat exchange model with constant wall temperature is proposed to predict the heat transfer rate. The predicted heat transfer rate using the constant wall temperature model agrees well with the experimental results.     

Thermo-Hydraulic Behavior of Microchannel Heat Exchanger System

This article presents an experimental study of thermo-hydrodynamic phenomena in a microchannel heat exchanger system. The aim of this investigation is to develop correlations between flow/thermal characteristics in the manifolds and the heat transfer performance of the microchannel. A rectangular microchannel fabricated by a laser-machining technique with channel width and hydraulic diameter of 87 μm and 0.17 mm, respectively, and a trapezoidal-shaped manifold are used in this study. The heat sink is subjected to iso-flux heating condition with liquid convective cooling through the channels. The temporal and spatial evolutions of temperature as well as total pressure drop across the system are monitored using appropriate sensors. Data obtained from this study were used to establish relationships between parameters such as longitudinal wall conduction factor, residence and switching time, and thermal spreading resistance with Reynolds number. Result shows that there exist an optimum Reynolds number and conditions for the microchannel heat exchanger system to result in maximum heat transfer performance. The condition in which the inlet manifold temperature surpasses the exit fluid temperature results in lower junction temperature. It further shows that for a high Reynolds number, the longitudinal wall conduction parameter is greater than unity and that the fluid has sufficient dwelling time to absorb heat from the wall of the manifold, leading to high thermal performance.     

基于康托尔分形微通道流动与传热的模拟

高密度、 小体积和高集成的电子元器件散热困难, 易造成过早失效, 采用微通道换热器可以实现小体积内高热流的散热, 但流动阻力很大. 为了保证传热效果, 降低流动阻力, 本文提出了一种新型的微通道结构并对其流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟. 首先研究了微通道形状和结构, 模拟结果表明: 进出口截面宽高比为0.8 的矩形微通道的换热效果最好; 并在此基础上提出一种康托尔分型凹槽结构, 研究了有无康托尔分形以及不同分形级数对流动与传热性能的影响, 综合对比发现: 第二级康托尔分形模型 N2 既能保证热阻显著降低, 又能相比阵列结构降低压降, 具有明显的换热优势; 最后对这种康托尔分形结构的凹槽形状, 尺寸及不同方向上的分形进行研究, 结果表明梯形凹槽的下上表面长度比b/a 为0.6 、 流动方向分形比fx 为1 .25 和通道高度方向分形比fy 为1 .5 时换热流动性能最佳.     

Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Characteristics of Microchannel with Oval-Shaped Micro Pin Fins

A novel microchannel heat sink with oval-shaped micro pin fins (MOPF) is proposed and the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer are studied numerically for Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 157 to 668. In order to study the influence of geometry on flow and heat transfer characteristics, three non-dimensional variables are defined, such as the fin axial length ratio (α), width ratio (β), and height ratio (γ). The thermal enhancement factor (η) is adopted as an evaluation criterion to evaluate the best comprehensive thermal-hydraulic performance of MOPF. Results indicate that the oval-shaped pin fins in the microchannel can effectively prevent the rise of heat surface temperature along the flow direction, which improves the temperature distribution uniformity. In addition, results show that for the studied Reynolds number range and microchannel geometries in this paper, the thermal enhancement factor η increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of α and β. In addition, except for Re = 157, η decreases first and then increases with the increase of the fin height ratio γ. The thermal enhancement factor for MOPF with α = 4, β = 0.3, and γ = 0.5 achieves 1.56 at Re = 668. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of a microchannel heat exchanger.     

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microchannel

Numerical simulation of heat transfer in a high aspect ratio rectangular microchannel with heat sinks has been conducted, similar to an experimental study. Three channel heights measuring 0.3 mm, 0.6 mm and 1 mm are considered and the Reynolds number varies from 300 to 2360, based on the hydraulic diameter. Simulation starts with the validation study on the Nusselt number and the Poiseuille number variations along the channel streamwise direction. It is found that the predicted Nusselt number has shown very good agreement with the theoretical estimation, but some discrepancies are noted in the Poiseuille number comparison. This observation however is in consistent with conclusions made by other researchers for the same flow problem. Simulation continues on the evaluation of heat transfer characteristics, namely the friction factor and the thermal resistance. It is found that noticeable scaling effect happens at small channel height of 0.3 mm and the predicted friction factor agrees fairly well with an experimental based correlation. Present simulation further reveals that the thermal resistance is low at small channel height, indicating that the heat transfer performance can be enhanced with the decrease of the channel height.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Turbulator on Heat Transfer in a Concentric-type Heat Exchanger

This article experimentally and numerically analyzes the effect of turbulators with different geometries (Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV) located at the inlet of the inner pipe in a concentric-type heat exchanger. Experiments were performed at parallel-flow conditions in the same and opposite directions to investigate the impact of manufactured turbulators on heat transfer and pressure drop. In the numerical study, ANSYS 12.0 Fluent code program was used, and basic protection equations were solved in the steady-state, three-dimensional, and turbulence-flow conditions. Results were obtained from numerical analysis conducted at different flow values of air (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 m³/h). The distribution of temperature, velocity, and pressure was demonstrated as a result of numerical analyses. Experimental and numerical results were compared, and it was observed that they were in conformity with each other. When the data obtained from the analyses were examined, the highest heat transfer, pressure drop, and friction factor increase were detected to be in the Type IV turbulator.     

微管换热器流动与传热的实验研究

本文对自制微管换热器的流动与传热性能进行了实验研究。提出了微细圆管换热器管内单相强制对流换热努摩尔数准则式,并与已有相关文献提出的关联式做了对比,结果表明:微管管内换热系数比常规尺度计算公式预测值要高,同时本文分析了微细管内的压力降、摩擦阻力系数f随雷诺数的关系。研究表明微管管内压降、摩擦系数都比常规尺度预测值要高。     

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in Two-phase Flow Boiling

In this article, an experimental investigation is performed to measure the boiling heat transfer coefficient of water flow in a microchannel with a hydraulic diameter of 500 μm. Experimental tests are conducted with heat fluxes ranging from 100 to 400 kW/m², vapor quality from 0 to 0.2, and mass fluxes of 200, 400, and 600 kg/m²s. Also, this study has modified the liquid Froude number to present a flow pattern transition toward an annular flow. Experimental results show that the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient is not dependent on mass flux and vapor quality but on heat flux to a certain degree. The measured heat transfer coefficient is compared with a few available correlations proposed for macroscales, and it is found that previous correlations have overestimated the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient for the test conditions considered in this work. This article proposes a new correlation model regarding the boiling heat transfer coefficient in mini- and microchannels using boiling number, Reynolds number, and modified Froude number.     

基于梯度翅片换热器的热电发电系统性能研究

本文建立了热电发电系统(TEG)多物理场数值模型,并充分考虑换热器流体影响,综合研究了具有不同热侧换热器翅片结构的TEG系统性能。在雷诺数为1000~10000范围内,分析了流体沿程温度分布特征、泵功及热电发电模块的能量转换特性.所研究的三种翅片结构包括:全流道等高度直翅片(Fin-1)、下游强化梯度翅片(Fin-2)以及上游强化梯度翅片(Fin-3).研究表明,通道长高比及热电材料覆盖率一定,热电发电功率及转换效率随流量呈二次曲线变化关系,存在最匹配流量使得系统发电性能最佳。等高度直翅片对流量的变化敏感,随流量增大,则压损增大,导致系统净输出功率及发电效率无收益.而梯度翅片可以在更大范围内产生正收益;下游强化梯度翅片具有最佳的流体沿程温度均匀性,但沿程局部热阻却最大.综合考虑沿程局部热阻分布及泵功消耗,上游强化梯度翅片TEG系统净转换效率最高,因此局部热阻分布及泵功综合因素应为TEG内的换热器合理设计的关键。