Hollow ZSM-5 encapsulated with single Ga-atoms for the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass waste

The development of efficient metal-zeolite bifunctional catalysts for catalytic fast pyrolysis(CFP) of biomass waste is highly desirable for bioenergy and renewable biofuel production.However,conventional metal-loaded zeolites often suffer from metal sintering during pyrolysis and are thus inactivated.In this study,single-site Ga-functionalized hollow ZSM-5(GaO_x@HS-Z5) was synthesized via an impregnationdissolution-recrystallization strategy without H₂ reduction.The Ga atom...     

无溶剂法合成ZSM-5/SiC整体式催化剂制备生物燃料

传统合成整块载体负载分子筛催化剂的方法是水热法,这样往往伴随水资源浪费和釜内空间利用率低的问题.本文报道了应用无溶剂法在蜂窝结构的碳化硅(SiC)表面原位生长ZSM-5分子筛.进一步采用该法将Pd纳米粒子限域在ZSM-5分子筛内,合成Pd@ZSM-5/SiC双功能催化剂,并在油酸甲酯加氢反应中表现出较高的活性和高碳烷烃选择性.结果发现,Pd@ZSM-5/SiC表现出高选择性和耐久性,这归因于SiC优异的传质和导热特性.X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和氮气吸附等结果表明,通过无溶剂法合成的分子筛具有很高的结晶度和纯度;高分辨透射电镜结果表明,在Pd@ZSM-5和Pd@ZSM-5/SiC催化剂中,Pd纳米粒子均被良好封装,并且粒径无明显差别,因此排除金属活性中心粒径的干扰.油酸甲酯的直接加氢脱氧/脱羧可以制备具有高附加值的长链碳氢化合物,而碳氢化合物的裂解通常会伴随着低碳化合物等副产物的生成.我们比较了两种催化剂在350-500℃的转化率和高碳烷烃的选择性差异.在相同反应条件下,Pd@ZSM-5/SiC催化剂上油酸甲酯转化率始终高于Pd@ZSM-5.例如在450℃,Pd@ZSM-5和Pd@ZSM-5/SiC的转化率分别为97.6%和78.2%,当温度提升至500℃,Pd@ZSM-5/SiC将油酸甲酯完全转化,而Pd@ZSM-5的转化率仅为88%.在350℃时,Pd@ZSM-5/SiC以脱羧反应为主,其中C17和C18的选择性分别为67.3%和20.1%,C6-12和C13-16选择性分别为2.4%和5.0%.相比之下,Pd@ZSM-5催化剂C17的选择性为39.4%,C18的选择性为13.2%,C6-12和C13-16选择性分别为20.2%和20.6%.由此可见,Pd@ZSM-5对于高附加值的长链碳氢化合物的选择性远低于Pd@ZSM-5/SiC;这可能与在Pd@ZSM-5催化剂上更容易发生烷烃裂解副反应有关.值得注意的是,虽然升高温度会促进碳氢化合物的裂解,但是在Pd@ZSM-5/SiC催化剂上高碳化合物依然较多.例如,在500℃时,裂解是Pd@ZSM-5催化剂上的主要反应,C1-5的选择性高达50.1%,C6-12的选择性高达37.0%;而在Pd@ZSM-5/SiC的产物中,C13-16的选择性为40.0%,C17-18的选择性更是高达16.7%.此外,在450℃的油酸甲酯加氢连续实验中,Pd@ZSM-5/SiC比Pd@ZSM-5表现出更好的耐久性,且催化剂失活后可以通过焙烧手段再生.上述结果表明,Pd@ZSM-5/SiC催化剂有利于加氢脱氧/脱羧反应制备有价值的高碳烃产品,更能抑制裂解副反应的进行.相比之下,传统的粉末催化剂对裂解产物仍具有较高的选择性,尤其是在较高的反应温度下.SiC载体的引入有利于高碳产物的传质,从而抑制了裂解反应.此外,碳化硅良好的导热性可以有效地防止催化剂在反应中的过热,同样有利于抑制碳氢化合物的裂解.     

Erythrocyte membrane encapsulated gambogic acid nanoparticles as a therapeutic for hepatocellular carcinoma

Gambogic acid (GA) is a potential clinical anticancer drug that can exert antitumor effects via various molecular mechanisms. Notwithstanding, GA's low water solubility, poor stability, short half-life, and unavoidable toxic side effects have significantly hampered its clinical application. Erythrocyte membrane-coated nanoparticles (RBCM-NPs) improve drug's physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and pharmacokinetic behaviors, allowing for long-term drug circulation and passive targeting. In this study, a novel biomimetic drug delivery system (DDS) against hepatocellular carcinoma was prepared by covering RBCM on GPP-NPs (GA-loaded mPEG-PLA NPs) to develop the RBC@GPP-NPs. In comparison to RBCM-free nanoparticles and free GA, RBC@GPP-NPs improved the drug's water solubility, stability, safety, and anti-tumor activity in vivo. We expect that this bionic nanoparticle composite can expand the clinical applicability of GA and provide a feasible solution for the research and development of GA's nano-formulation.     

直接合成Beta沸石封装Pt纳米粒子用于5-羟甲基糠醛合成2,5-呋喃二甲酸

生物质是唯一的碳基可再生资源,具有种类丰富、廉价易得、来源广泛等特点,将生物质资源转化为高附加值化学品对于可持续生产,缓解全球性能源和环境危机具有重要意义.5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)是广泛研究的生物质平台分子,可以转化为多种高附加值化学品,其中氧化产物2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)有望作为对苯二甲酸的潜在替代物生产聚酯,...     

Optimization of methane conversion to liquid fuels over W-Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts by response surface methodology

The conversion of methane to liquid fuels is still in the development process. The modified HZSM-5 by loading with Tungsten （W） enhanced its heat resistant performance, and the high reaction temperature （800℃） did not lead to the loss of W component by sublimation. The loading of ZSM-5 with Tungsten and Copper （Cu） resulted in an increment in the methane conversion, CO2, and C5＋ selectivities. The high methane conversion and C5＋ selectivity, and low H2O selectivity are obtained by using W/3.0Cu/ZSM-5. The optimization of methane conversion over 3.0 W/3.0Cu/ZSM-5 under different temperature and oxygen concentration using response surface methodology （RSM） are studied. The optimum point for methane conversion is 19% when temperature is 753 ℃, and oxygen concentration is 12%. The highest C5＋ selectivity is 27% when temperature is 751 ℃. and oxwen concentration is 11%.     

Highly active Pt@Au nanoparticles encapsulated in perfluorosulfonic acid for the reduction of oxygen

The Pt@Au catalysts demonstrate remarkably high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity compared with Pt/C catalysts. The ORR of Pt(2)@Au(1)/C and Pt(1)@Au(2)/C is 9.5 and 6.6 times that of Pt/C, respectively. This improvement is attributed to the electronic structure effect of the Au core on the Pt shell and introduction of PFSA.     

Dealuminated ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst for Ethylene Oligomerization to Liquid Fuels

Ethylene oligomerization using ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated to study the role of Bronsted acid sites in the formation of higher hydrocarbons. The oligomerization of olefins, dependent on the acidity of ZSM-5 zeolite, is an important step in the conversion of natural gas to liquid fuels. The framework Si/Al ratio reflects the number of potential acid sites and the acid strength of the ZSM-5 catalyst. ZSM-5 with the mole ratio SiO2/Al2O3 equal to 30 was dealuminated for different periods of time according to the acidic ion-exchange method to produce ZSM-5 with various Si/Al ratios. The FT-IR analysis revealed that the integrated framework aluminum band, non-framework aluminum band, and silanol groups areas of the ZSM-5 zeolites decreased after being dealuminated. The performance of the dealuminated zeolite was tested for ethylene oligomerization. The results demonstrated that the dealumination of ZSM-5 led to higher ethylene conversion, but the gasoline selectivity was reduced compared to the performance     

Dealuminated ZSM—5 Zeolite Catalyst for Ethylene Oligomerization to Liquid Fuels

Ethylene oligomerization using ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated to study the role of Broensted acid sites in the formation of higher hydrocarbons,The oligomeriztion of olefins,dependent on the acidity of ZSM-5 zeolite ,is an important step in the conversion of natural gas to liquied fuels,The framework Si/Al ratio reflects the number of potential acid sites and the acid strength of the ZSM-5 catalyst,ZSM-5 with the mole ratio SiO2/Al2O3 equal to 30 was dealuminated for different periods of time according to the acidic ion-exchange method to produce ZSM-5 with various Si/Al ratios,The FT-IR analysis revealed that the integrated framework aluminum band,non-framework aluminum band,and silanol groups areas of the ZSM-5 zeolites decreased after being dealuminated,The performanc of the dealuminated zeolite was tested for ethylene oligomerization.The results demonstrated that the dealumination of ZSM-5 led to higher ethylene conversion,but the gasoline selectivity was reduced compared to the performance of a ZSM-5 zeolite ,The characterization results revealed the amount of aluminum in the zeolitic framework,the crystallinity of the ZSM-5 zeolite,and the Si/Al ration affected the formation of Broensted acid sites,The number of the Broensted acid sites on the catalyst active sites is important in the olefin conversion to liquied hydrocarbons.     

碱酸改性ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的噻吩烷基化反应性能研究

以SiO_2/Al_2O_3物质的量比为50的HZSM-5分子筛为原粉,经过一定浓度的NaOH溶液处理后再使用柠檬酸溶液进行酸洗以制备微孔-介孔多级孔HZSM-5催化剂,并研究其在模拟油中的噻吩烷基化反应性能。结果表明,使用柠檬酸溶液进行酸洗可以清除碱处理后孔道内残余的杂质。当柠檬酸溶液浓度为0.5 mol/L时,此时得到的HZ(AC-0.5)催化剂具有适宜的孔径和酸性,因而噻吩烷基化转化率最高,达到95.6%。在HZ(AC-0.5)催化剂上以苯并噻吩作为噻吩衍生物模型化合物,异戊二烯作为烯烃模型化合物,苯作为芳烃模型化合物,分别考察噻吩烷基化反应性能,并分析不同组分的模拟油对噻吩烷基化反应转化率和选择性的影响。结果表明,噻吩烷基化的最佳反应温度是120℃,在该温度下苯并噻吩烷基化的转化率高于噻吩烷基化的转化率,当异戊二烯作为烯烃模型化合物后噻吩的转化率会升高,当苯作为芳烃模型化合物后噻吩的转化率会降低。     

Zeolitic microcapsule with encapsulated platinum nanoparticles for one-pot tandem reaction of alcohol to hydrazone

A zeolitic platinum-encapsulated microcapsule was successfully employed in the one-pot tandem synthesis of hydrazone directly from cyclohexanol with high conversion, selectivity and reusability due to the promising protection of the zeolitic shell around the catalyst.     

ZSM-5 zeolite single crystals with b-axis-aligned mesoporous channels as an efficient catalyst for conversion of bulky organic molecules

The relatively small and sole micropores in zeolite catalysts strongly influence the mass transfer and catalytic conversion of bulky molecules. We report here aluminosilicate zeolite ZSM-5 single crystals with b-axis-aligned mesopores, synthesized using a designed cationicamphiphilic copolymer as a mesoscale template. This sample exhibits excellent hydrothermal stability. The orientation of the mesopores was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. More importantly, the b-axis-aligned mesoporous ZSM-5 shows much higher catalytic activities for bulky substrate conversion than conventional ZSM-5 and ZSM-5 with randomly oriented mesopores. The combination of good hydrothermal stability with high activities is important for design of novel zeolite catalysts. The b-axis-aligned mesoporous ZSM-5 reported here shows great potential for industrial applications.     

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的合成及其在甲醇脱水制二甲醚反应中的应用

以四丙基氨为微孔模版剂,阳离子高分子聚合物为介孔模版剂,合成了具有多级介孔的ZSM-5分子筛,并用于甲醇气相脱水合成二甲醚.结果表明,加入阳离子高分子聚合物后,合成的HZSM-5分子筛样品既保持了其MFI典型结构,又呈现了多级介孔特征;随着阳离子高分子聚合物模板剂加入量的增加,其多级介孔特征更为明显.具有多级介孔的HZSM-5分子筛表现出比常规微孔HZSM-5分子筛高的反应稳定性和二甲醚选择性,这主要是由于其织构和酸性的双重作用.     

V2O5纳米片固载Pt纳米粒子催化剂的构建及其增强催化空气氧化脱硫性能

以铂系金属为代表的贵金属催化剂在工业反应中通常表现出优异的催化性能,这是因为其具有独特的d带电子结构和较高的价电子比.近年来,由于大气排放法规愈发严苛,铂系贵金属催化剂在催化空气氧化燃油脱硫方面的研究引起了广泛关注.在该催化反应中,铂系金属纳米粒子可以有效活化空气中的氧气,产生的活性氧物种可以将油品中的噻吩类硫化物氧化为其对应的强极性砜类物质,从而可以将其从非极性的油品中分离出来,有效实现油品中硫化物的深度氧化脱除.然而,在反应过程中铂系贵金属纳米粒子易发生流失和烧结,从而导致催化剂的失活.因此,急需寻找一类可以有效固载铂系贵金属纳米粒子的载体.在目前已报道的众多载体中,以ZrO₂、TiO₂、CeO₂、ZnO等为代表的过渡金属氧化物引起了广泛的关注.通常认为,铂系贵金属纳米粒子的d轨道电子和过渡金属氧化物之间可形成金属-载体强相互作用.然而,目前所使用的过渡金属氧化物载体的比表面积较小,从而导致铂系贵金属纳米粒子难以有效且均匀地分散于其表面.本文采用热膨胀气相剥离法制备了超薄V2O5纳米片,并通过超声辅助沉积法将Pt纳米粒子固载于其表面,从而得到一系列可高效活化空气氧化脱硫的催化剂(Pt NPs-n/V₂O₅纳米片).通过电感耦合等离子体光谱、高倍透射电镜、原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和氮气吸附脱附等方法对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明,尺寸为4-5 nm的Pt纳米粒子可有效均匀分散于层数约为6层的V2O5纳米片表面;在空气氧化脱硫反应中,当催化剂中Pt理论负载量为2 wt%时,反应5 h后,油品的脱硫率可达99.1%,实现了硫化物的深度氧化脱除.该反应体系对不同硫浓度、不同含硫底物的油品均有较好的脱除效果,但对含有烯烃、芳烃的油品脱除效果较差.此外,催化剂循环使用7次后,其脱硫活性仍无明显下降,表现出优异的重复使用性能.对反应后的催化剂进行表征,发现Pt几乎不发生流失,这可能是由于Pt纳米粒子和V₂O₅纳米片之间形成了金属-载体强相互作用.该结果为其他空气氧化反应的有效进行提供了新思路.     

A controlled and reproducible pathway to dye-tagged, encapsulated silver nanoparticles as substrates for SERS multiplexing

Silver nanoparticles tagged with dyes and encapsulated within a silica layer, offer a convenient potential substrate for performing multiplexed surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis. In contrast to our earlier work with gold particles, aggregation of silver particles is found to be mostly independent of dye addition, allowing for a reproducible preparation in which aggregation is actively induced by the addition of NaCl. Separating the aggregation step eliminates competitive binding between the dyes and silica-coating reagents, enabling the efficient use of a wide variety of weakly binding dyes to conveniently generate robust, high-intensity SERS substrates at a variety of excitation frequencies.     

硼和氟掺杂ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其甲醇制丙烯反应性能

采用两步水热晶化法,通过在合成体系中加入硼酸、氟化铵、氟硼酸铵,合成出了硼和氟改性的ZSM-5分子筛。利用X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附、29Si固体核磁共振波谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜以及NH₃程序升温脱附等测试手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明：硼和氟掺杂条件下可以合成具有较高结晶度的ZSM-5分子筛,杂原子掺杂提高了分子筛的硅铝比;硼和氟掺杂可以显著降低ZSM-5分子筛的Lewis酸量,但提高了Brønsted酸量;硼和氟共同作用可以降低ZSM-5分子筛的颗粒尺寸。甲醇制丙烯评价结果显示：较低的Lewis酸量和适宜的Brønsted酸性有利于提高丙烯选择性和催化剂寿命;NH₄BF₄改性的ZSM-5分子筛（Z5-BF2）表现出较高的丙烯选择性和较长的催化剂寿命。     

不同模板剂合成具有介微结构的ZSM-5分子筛及其甲醇制丙烯性能

分别采用四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH),十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和N-十八烷基-N'-己基-四甲基-1, 6-己二铵(C_18-6-6Br₂)作为模板剂,合成了具有不同介微结构的纳米ZSM-5分子筛(NZ),介孔ZSM-5分子筛(MZ)和纳米薄层ZSM-5分子筛(NSZ).对合成的样品进行X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM), N₂吸附-脱附和氨程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)表征,并与传统微孔ZSM-5分子筛(CZ)对比.结果表明,样品的介孔孔容和外表面积大小的顺序为NSZ > MZ > NZ > CZ,强/弱酸之比的顺序为CZ > MZ > NZ > NSZ.在甲醇制丙烯(MTP)反应中,催化剂的介微结构特征影响MTP反应的产物选择性及稳定性,丙烯和总低碳烯烃选择性随着介孔孔容的增加而增加, NSZ样品具有最高的丙烯选择性(47.5%)及总低碳烯烃选择性(78.4%).此外,介孔的引入能适当延长催化剂的寿命,具有适宜酸性质的NZ样品的催化寿命最长(200 h).     

Fabricating hierarchical ZSM-5 to induct long chain antioxidant coenzyme Q10 for biomedical application

The study investigates the hydrophobic antioxidant Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) adsorption over industrially relevant hierarchical ZSM-5 for potential therapeutic applications. The designing of hierarchical nanocomposites was optimized with two different NaOH/CTAB ratios (0.18 and 0.62) over ZSM-5 (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 22–27) of different crystal sizes (0.5 µm, 2.0 µm and 3.0 µm) and different SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios (23, 80, 280 and 1500) through top-down approach. Hydrothermal stability of samples was studied using 100% water steam at 700 °C and 750 °C for 2 h, respectively. Reassembling nano ZSM-5 into hierarchical composite was found to exhibit ordered/disordered hexagonal mesophase depending on alkaline treated ZSM-5 crystal sizes and silica to alumina ratios. The phase changes were analyzed using different textural characterizations such as X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, ammonia desorption technique, ²⁷Al MAS NMR, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscope. 21 different nanoformulations were screened for CoQ10 adsorption and subsequently selected samples were applied for curcumin and ascorbic acid adsorption. Hierarchical ZSM-5 with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio 80 (ZSM-5-80 (0.62)) was found to be steam stable and optimum with highest Q10 adsorption (55%). The adsorption influence over different crystal size and silica to alumina ratios, clearly showed the dependency over synergistic action of textural characteristics such as external surface area, pore volume, and weak acidity. The structured nanosupports with pore sizes between 3 and 4.0 nm were found to exhibit highest CoQ10 adsorption.     

Catalytic Performances of Binder-free ZSM-5 Catalysts for Dehydration of Crude Methanol to Dimethyl Ether

A series of binder‐free ZSM‐5 catalysts and a binder‐containing catalyst were prepared and characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), ²⁷Al magic‐angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), N₂ sorption and ammonia temperature‐programmed deposition (TPD) methods. The catalytic activity and selectivity in the dehydration of crude methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) were evaluated in a fixed‐bed reactor for the catalysts. The outstanding structural characters such as high zeolite contents, sufficiently open channels and richness in mesopores have been proved on these binder‐free catalysts. The influence of the solid‐acidity, which is closely related to the framework silica alumina ratio (SAR) of the catalysts, on the catalytic properties has been discussed. A binder‐free catalyst with a better potential in application has been selected for its high activity and selectivity, long life‐time and non‐sensitivity to water contents in the feed. The reason for its excellent performance of the catalyst was discussed.