Relating field theories via stochastic quantization

This note aims to subsume several apparently unrelated models under a common framework. Several examples of well-known quantum field theories are listed which are connected via stochastic quantization. We highlight the fact that the quantization method used to obtain the quantum crystal is a discrete analog of stochastic quantization. This model is of interest for string theory, since the (classical) melting crystal corner is related to the topological A-model. We outline several ideas for interpreting the quantum crystal on the string theory side of the correspondence, exploring interpretations in the Wheeler–De Witt framework and in terms of a non-Lorentz invariant limit of topological M-theory.     

Review of invariant time formulations of relativistic quantum theories

The purpose of this paper is to review relativistic quantum theories with an invariant evolution parameter. Parametrized relativistic quantum theories (PRQT) have appeared under such names as constraint Hamiltonian dynamics, four-space formalism, indefinite mass, micrononcausal quantum theory, parametrized path integral formalism, relativistic dynamics, Schwinger proper time method, stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics and stochastic quantization. The review focuses on the fundamental concepts underlying the theories. Similarities as well as differences are highlighted, and an extensive bibliography is provided.     

Stochastic and quantum space-time metrics and the weak-field limit

In this review we present a simple method of introducing stochastic and quantum metrics into gravitational theory at short distances in terms of small fluctuations around a classical background space-time. We consider only residual effects due to the stochastic (or quantum) theory of gravity and use a perturbative stochastization (or quantization) method. By using the general covariance and correspondence principles, we reconstruct the theory of gravitational, mechanical, electromagnetic, and quantum mechanical processes and tensor algebra in the space-time with stochastic and quantum metrics. Some consequences of the theory are also considered, in particular, it indicates that the value of the fundamental lengthl lies in the interval 10^–23l10^–22 cm.     

The generalized Fényes-Nelson model for free scalar field theory

The generalized Fényes-Nelson model of quantum mechanics is applied to the free scalar field. The resulting Markov field is equivalent to the Euclidean Markov field with the times scaled by a common factor which depends on the diffusion parameter. This result is consistent with Guerra's earlier work on stochastic quantization of scalar fields. It suggests a deep connection between Euclidean field theory and the stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics. The question of Lorentz covariance is also discussed.     

Stochastic quantization of order two parafermi fields

The method of stochastic quantization of Parisi–Wu is extended to include spinor fields obeying the generalized statistics of order two consistent with the weak locality requirement. Appropriate Langevin and Fokker–Planck equations are constructed using paragrassmann variables, which give rise to two fields with different masses in the equilibrium limit, in agreement with the results of the canonical quantization procedure. The connection between the stochastic quantization method and conventional Euclidean field theory is established through Klein transformations. Received: 14 November 2001 / Published online: 8 February 2002     

Stochastic quantization of the nonlinear sigma model and the background field method

The background field method is a useful scheme for calculation of the effective action in conventional quantum field theory. In stochastic quantization this approach is introduced by using auxiliary fields, as suggested by Okano. In this work, we implement the background field method, using the normal coordinate expansion, for the nonlinear sigma model on a general Riemannian manifold in the context of stochastic quantization. We also calculate, making use of this novel formulation, the action necessary for investigation of the divergences, at least at the one-loop level.     

Stochastic quantization and the renormalization (to first order) of the n-field model

This article is concerned with a recently developed new approach to quantum field theory, the method of stochastic quantization. This method is based on the use of the Langevin equation, which describes the non-equilibrium dynamics of a system, for the quantization of a theory [1], In this paper it is shown how the renormalization of the coupling constant for the n-field model arises in stochastic quantization. It is also shown that the renormalization does not depend on the parametrization of the n-field (to first order in the coupling constant). The Gell-Mann-Low function is obtained to first order.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 3–6, January, 1985.In conclusion the author is grateful to A. A. Migdal for supervising this work and to M. A. Bershadskii for useful discussions.     

Quantization by stochastic relaxation processes and supersymmetry

We show the supersymmetry mechanism responsible for the quantization by stochastic relaxation processes and for the effective cancellation of the additional time dimension against the two Grassmann dimensions. We give a non-perturbative proof of the validity of this quantization procedure.     

Cliffordization, spin, and fermionic star products

Deformation quantization is a powerful tool for quantizing theories with bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom. The star products involved generate the mathematical structures which have recently been used in attempts to analyze the algebraic properties of quantum field theory. In the context of quantum mechanics they provide a quantization procedure for systems with either bosonic or fermionic degrees of freedom. We illustrate this procedure for a number of physical examples, including bosonic, fermionic, and supersymmetric oscillators. We show how non-relativistic and relativistic particles with spin can be naturally described in this framework.     

Conserved Noether currents in stochastic quantization

A general procedure for constructing Noether conserved currents in the stochastic quantization scheme corresponding to symmetries of the equilibrium theory is proposed. Two different regularizations — the Breit-Gupta-Zaks stochastic time regularization and a new supersymmetric regularization — are employed, and the origin of chiral anomalies is exhibited in this framework.     

Analogue simulation of quantum mechanical systems

An extension of the technique of analogue simulation to the treatment of quantum mechanical systems, based on an analogue variant of the method of stochastic quantization, is reported. The analogue stochastic quantization (ASQ) technique is introduced by application to the quantum harmonic oscillator, a particularly simple system for which all the answers are already known. ASQ measurements of the lowest eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the latter system are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. The future potential of the ASQ technique in relation to some more complicated quantum systems of topical interest is discussed.     

Between general relativity and quantum theory

Some possibilities of reconciling general relativity with quantum theory are discussed. The procedure of quantization is certainly not unique, but depends upon the choice of the coordinate conditions. Most versions of quantization predict the existence of gravitons, but it is also possible to formulate a quantum theory with a classical gravity whereby the expectation values ofT _µv constitute the sources of the classical metric field.     

S=1/2铁磁理论海森堡模型的随机量子化处理

对S=1/2的海森堡铁磁模型,构造了适当的拉格朗日函数,采用玻色量子化条件,用随机量子化方法计算了它的温度格林函数,得到了和其它方法同样的结果。 关键词：     

Continuous quantum hypothesis testing

I propose a general quantum hypothesis testing theory that enables one to test hypotheses about any aspect of a physical system, including its dynamics, based on a series of observations. For example, the hypotheses can be about the presence of a weak classical signal continuously coupled to a quantum sensor, or about competing quantum or classical models of the dynamics of a system. This generalization makes the theory useful for quantum detection and experimental tests of quantum mechanics in general. In the case of continuous measurements, the theory is significantly simplified to produce compact formulas for the likelihood ratio, the central quantity in statistical hypothesis testing. The likelihood ratio can then be computed efficiently in many cases of interest. Two potential applications of the theory, namely, quantum detection of a classical stochastic waveform and test of harmonic-oscillator energy quantization, are discussed.     

Quantum mechanics on Riemannian manifold in Schwinger's quantization approach I

Schwinger's quantization scheme is extended in order to solve the problem of the formulation of quantum mechanics on a space with a group structure. The importance of Killing vectors in the quantization scheme is shown. Usage of these vectors makes the algebraic properties of the operators consistent with the geometrical structure of the manifold. The procedure of the definition of the quantum Lagrangian of a free particle and the norm of the velocity (momentum) operators is given. These constructions are invariant under a general coordinate transformation. The unified procedure for constructing the quantum theory on a space with a group structure is developed. Using this, quantum mechanics on a Riemannian manifold with a simply transitive group acting on it is investigated. Received: 27 June 2000 / Revised version: 10 May 2001 / Published online: 19 July 2001     

Ward identities and chiral anomalies in stochastic quantization

We derive the Ward identities (WI) for vector and axial currents in stochastic quantization at any given fictitious time t. This is achieved through a functional integral representation of the fermionic Langevin equations. The currents for this effective field theory differ in general from the naive ones; if stochastic regularization is used they are both conserved. We establish the connection between those WI and the field theory ones. The physical source of chiral anomalies is identified: these result from the quantum fluctuations in the fictitious time evolution of the system. In this context, both a traditional regularization method (Pauli-Villars) and stochastic regularization are considered.