Y_(0.928)Pr_(0.072)Ba_2Cu_3O_7超导单晶的钉扎机制研究

研究了Y0.928 Pr0.072 Ba2 Cu3 O7(后文称YPBCO)单晶在不同温度下的磁特性,计算了不同温度下的钉扎力密度Fp对磁场的依赖关系.结果表明,在不同温度下的钉扎力密度可近似标度在同一条曲线上;标度函数和峰效应引起的最大Jc所对应的磁场与不可逆场的比值都表明,YPBCO单晶在磁通玻璃态的钉扎机制主要是样品中Pr的微观电子分布不均匀性引起的正常相面钉扎.     

高温超导体相对定量的磁通钉扎力分析

为了更准确地分析高温超导体在高温如液氮温区的磁通钉扎机制，基于Dew—Hughes模型，对传统的钉扎力标度方法进行了改进，发展了钉扎力密度的多源分析方法．在高温超导体中芯钉扎机制处于主导地位，由正常相和Ginzburg参量(△k)变化引起的点、面和体缺陷在改进分析方法中均将考虑．论中通过几个Bi-2223／Ag带材的钉扎力分析实例对传统的单函数方法和改进多源分析方法进行了比较．结果表明，采用多源分析方法可以更准确地给出样品中起作用的钉扎机制的信息，例如，样品中对磁通钉扎有贡献钉扎中心类型及其相对强度等．     

含有多种钉扎中心的层状高温超导体在其单个钉扎区域的钉扎机制

本文中，我们提出了一个关于含有多种钉扎中心的层状高温超导体在其单个钉扎中心的钉扎机制的理论，并讨论了具有两种钉扎中心的层状高温超导体的钉扎机制和临界电流密度．我们发现在强、弱钉扎中心之间存在着相互竞争，并解释了临界电流密度在低场区域随磁场增加而迅速降低的现象．     

临界电流密度对圆柱状超导体力学特性的影响

高温超导体具有较高的临界温度、高载流能力和低能耗特性,在电力领域得到了广泛的应用,其在通有承载电流情况下的力学特性得到了广泛的关注.研究了承载电流情形下圆柱状超导结构内的磁通钉扎力学响应.考虑临界电流密度沿径向非均匀分布,基于临界态Bean模型,获得了圆柱状超导结构内的感应磁场及电流的分布规律.结合平面应变方法,给出了结构内磁通钉扎力、应力及磁致伸缩的解析表达式.结果表明:临界电流密度非均匀分布时,超导结构内的应力变化趋势与均匀分布时一致,然而临界电流密度的非均匀分布将导致超导结构内的应力和磁致伸缩的极值增大,并引起结构内局部径向应力大小发生改变以及环向应力分布不连续.本研究表明临界电流密度非均匀性对超导结构力学性能的影响是显著的,可为超导体的设计和实际应用提供参考依据.     

超导体MgB2中临界电流密度与磁场和温度之间的关系

用SQUID磁强计测量了在不同温度一直到5T的MgB2磁滞回线,确定了下临界磁场和样品的退磁因子.临界电流密度对磁场和温度的关系可以用一个简单的函数拟合.钉扎力密度符合Kramer标度律,但是峰值位置随温度移动.     

高温超导体混合态的钉扎力与标度律

基于推广的磁通热激发模型，我们提出了评估超导体中钉轧力的一个新方法，该方法用于一个统一的形式表达了温度，磁场以及电流密度对作用于磁通线上钉的扎力的影响，它解释了超导体混合态的电阻行为，并很好地拟合了Ｂｉ－２２２３外延膜钉扎力的标度行为。     

不同Ti含量对NbTi超导体临界电流密度的影响

利用Nb片和Ti片交替组配加工,经扩散反应制备了Ti含量从43WT%到57WT%之间的三种不同成份的NbTi超导线.测量了三种不同成份的临界电流密度Jc,讨论了在磁场下不同Ti含量对NbTi线临界电流密度Jc的影响,并对磁通钉扎机制进行了分析.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了Nb/Ti界面扩散形态及微结构,并运用多源标度分析法[1]对不同成份的NbTi超导线进行了磁通钉扎力密度随磁场变化曲线的拟合.结果表明:随着含Ti量的增加,其临界电流密度在低场时很高,而在高场时的性能偏低,且下降迅速,而含Ti量低的超导线在高场时的性能更具有优势;超导线在不同磁场下的性能是由点钉扎和面钉扎两种钉扎机制共同作用决定的.     

Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ)单晶的钉扎力标度和磁通钉扎机制

测量了 Bi2 Sr2 Ca Cu2 O8+δ单晶不同温度下的磁化曲线。根据 Bean临界态模型得到了不同温度下的钉扎力密度 FP 对磁场的依赖关系 ,发现在不同温度下的钉扎力密度可以标度在同一条曲线上。标度函数和最大钉扎力所对应的磁场与不可逆场 Hirr的比值都表明 Si2 Sr2 Ca Cu2 O8+δ单晶在磁通玻璃态的钉扎机制主要是正常相面钉扎。     

层状高温超导体的临界电流理论

本文提出了一个关于层状高温超导体临界电流密度Ｊｃ的理论，对于强各向异性高温超导体，讨论了临界电流密度随温度的磁场的变化，得到了临界电流密度在低温区和强钉扎区随温度线性减小；而在高温区和弱钉扎区则随温度指数衰减的结果。     

二维磁通随机钉扎系统动力学行为的数值模拟

本文利用数值模拟的方法,研究在Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ 驱动力作用下,随机钉扎环境中运动的二维磁通点阵的动力学行为．通过对不同随机分布点钉扎中心密度和不同磁通间相互作用强度的研究,发现磁通点阵存在从弹性区向塑性区的渡越（ｃｒｏｓｓｏｖｅｒ） , 并且这种渡越强烈依赖于磁通之间及磁通与钉扎之间的相互作用．随着钉扎中心密度的增加及磁通间相互作用强度的减弱,临界钉扎力增强．模拟结果与最近实验结果定性一致．部分结果偏离集体钉扎理论     

Weak to strong pinning crossover

Material defects in hard type II superconductors pin the flux lines and thus establish the dissipation-free current transport in the presence of a finite magnetic field. Depending on the density and pinning force of the defects and the vortex density, pinning is either weak collective or strong. We analyze the weak to strong pinning crossover of vortex matter in disordered superconductors and discuss the peak effect appearing naturally in this context.     

Spatial variation of superconducting properties of Gd123 Bulk superconductors with magnetic particles addition

Magnetic flux trapping and the homogeneity of the flux pinning are essential problems in the practical application of high-temperature superconductors. We have conducted study on the role of addition of soft magnetic Fe-B alloy particles contribute to the enhancement of the critical current density (J_c) under wide-range of magnetic field. Magnetic flux trapping was enhanced in Gd123 bulk superconductor with suitable amount of magnetic particles addition. In addition, it can be effective as pinning center enhance the J_c of the bulk in both the a–b growth sector and the c-growth sector under magnetic field. However, the T_c of the Gd123 bulk was decreased obviously by addition of magnetic particles. The study on the spatial variation of superconducting properties indicates that the performance of the upper part of the bulk is better than the bottom. By comparing the superconducting properties of the Gd123 bulk with magnetic particles addition and without magnetic particles addition, we concluded that there is a trace of the formation of homogeneous pinning properties in the magnetic particles addition Gd123 bulk.     

Mechanism of the hysteretic behavior of the magnetoresistance of granular HTSCs: The universal nature of the width of the magnetoresistance hysteresis loop

The hysteretic behavior of the magnetoresistance R(H) of granular high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs) of the Y-Ba-Cu-O, Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O, and La-Sr-Cu-O classical systems is investigated for transport current densities lower and higher than the critical density (at H = 0). All systems exhibit universal behavior of the width of the magnetoresistance hysteresis loop: independence of transport current under identical external conditions. This means that flux trapping in HTSC grains is the main mechanism controlling the hysteretic behavior of the magnetoresistance of granular HTSCs, while pinning of Josephson vortices in the intragranular medium makes no appreciable contribution to the formation of magnetoresistance hysteresis (when transport current flows through the sample). Experimental data on relaxation of residual resistance after the action of a magnetic field also confirm this conclusion.     

Critical currents and the critical state in superconductors with magnetic ions

The critical state model is used to derive equations that relate the additional magnetic moment (ΔM) produced by the flux pinning to the critical current density (J_c) measured in transport measurements. The equations derived for conventional superconductors can be used for superconductors that contain magnetic ions, if ΔM is replaced by ΔM/(1 + χ′(H)) where χ′(H) is the differential susceptibility. In the critical state, the field gradient has contributions from both the macroscopic supercurrents and the Amperian currents from the magnetic ions. Magnetic measurements are sensitive to both contributions. Transport measurements only characterise the macroscopic supercurrents. For superconductors which contain rare-earth elements, the J_c values calculated using hysteretic magnetisation measurements without including the term χ′(H), can be in error by factors of 7.     

Ba1-xKxFe2As2单晶(Tc=38.5K)磁通钉扎力与钉扎机理研究

铁基超导体是在2008年由Hosono发现的一种新型超导材料, 由于其具有上临界场高、各向异性小、临界电流密度大等优点, 在世界范围内引起了广泛关注. 以Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂为代表的FeAs-122系超导体具有结构简单、合成温度低、单晶容易制备等优点, 是物理学家和材料学家关注的焦点. 本工作在获得最优化掺杂的Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶(T_c = 38.5 K)基础上, 通过分析其在不同磁场条件下电阻温度变化关系、不同温度条件下的磁滞回线等数据, 系统的研究了Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶磁通钉扎力和磁通钉扎机理. 研究发现Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂超导体具有非常高的磁通钉扎势, 其中9 T的外场条件下, 其在H//c轴和H//ab面的钉扎势分别为5800 K和8100 K, 展示出良好的应用前景; 通过进一步分析发现, 其磁通钉扎机理应是由于晶格内部的小尺寸缺陷引起的电子平均自由程变化而导致的δl钉扎.     

Anisotropic pinning in macroscopic electrodynamics of superconductors

Anisotropy of critical currents and electric fields in superconductors with strong pinning has been ascribed in the macroscopic model to features of the material equation system relating the electric field to the current density in a superconductor. The anisotropy of the pinning proper is described by an operator relating the pinning force density to the vectors of magnetic induction and Lorentz force. In the approximation of an extended critical state model, a feasible expression of this operator is given in the form of an algorithm based on the concept of a collective anisotropic potential well containing fluxoids. The current-carrying capacity of a strongly anisotropic niobium-titanium foil as a function of the orientation of the current density and applied field with respect to the principal axes of the material has been investigated in detail. Given measurements of the transverse electric fields in the foil under magnetic fields normal to the foil plane, we can plot cross sections of surfaces describing the pinning force density in the space of magnetic induction and Lorentz force. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 112, 1055–1081 (September 1997)     

The flux distribution and hysteresis losses in highT c superconductors including viscous forces on flux lines

By comparing the contributions of pinning and viscous forces to the restoring force on flux ines in type II and highT _c superconductors, it is shown that the flux flow in highT _c superconducto rs should play an important role in determining the magnetic flux distribution and hence the hyste resis losses in a.c. fields. Both quantities are calculated in the extreme case of very large viscous forces with respect to the pinning force. The magnetic field and frequency dependence of the losses are changed with respect to the results obtained from the critical state model. The theoretical results are qualitatively confirmed by a.c. susceptibility measurements at different magnetic field amplitudes and frequencies. The quantitative differences indicate that the flux flow effects in highT _c superconductors are by far not so strong as expected and supposed by some theories. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed.     

Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy for studying inhomogeneities in thin-film high-T c superconductors

Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy can provide important information on the local superconducting properties of thin-iilm high-T _c superconductors. The principle of this method is outlined, including the spatial resolution limit. The spatial variations observation of the local values of the critical temperature and of the critical current density represent highly important applications of this method. The spatial variations of flux pinning and flux flow can be also studied.     

Electric field induced by vortex transport in percolation superconductors

The influence of fractal normal phase clusters on the electric field induced by the flow and creep of the magnetic flux in percolation superconductors has been considered. The current–voltage characteristics of such superconductors with allowance for the influence of the fractal dimension of cluster boundaries and the pinning barrier height have been obtained. The vortex dynamics in percolation superconductors with a fractal cluster structure in a viscous flow of the magnetic flux, the Anderson–Kim creep, and the collective flux creep has been analyzed. It has been discovered that the fractality of normal phase clusters reduces the electric field arising in the initial stage of the resistive transition.     

A generalized critical-state model for low-dimensional superconductors with an edge barrier

A generalized model of the critical state in low-dimensional superconductors is proposed, which includes the effects of bulk and edge pinning of the magnetic flux. The conditions are determined for the penetration of Pearl-Abrikosov vortices into the superconductor, and metastable flux structures in these systems are described. A diagram of different vortex states is constructed for a complete cycle of variations of the external magnetic field.