CuO／CeO2和CuO／Al2O3催化剂的催化性能

本文以ＣＯ氧化为模式反应考察了ＣｅＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３负载氧化铜催化剂的氧化活性，运用ＸＲＤ和ＴＰＲ技术研究了催化剂的还原性能和物相结构，结果表明：载体性质对负载ＣｕＯ催化剂的ＣＯ氧化活性有很大影响，ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２催化剂活性明显高于ＣｕＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂．催化剂的还原特性随载体不同而不同．同时发现，热处理对催化剂铜物种的存在形式，晶粒大小、还原特性及其催化活性有明显影响，ＣｕＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂活性下降的主要因素是生成了活性较低的ＣｕＡｌ２Ｏ４相，而ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２催化剂活性下降是由于ＣｕＯ和ＣｅＯ２发生烧结，晶粒变大     

Al2O3改性CuO/Fe2O3催化剂水煤气变换反应性能

采用分步共沉淀法制备了不同Al₂O₃含量(0%-15% (w))的CuO/Fe₂O₃催化剂, 并进行水煤气变换反应(WGSR)评价测试. 制得的催化剂中含有复合物CuFe₂O₄, 其晶粒尺寸, 氧化还原性质和表面Cu分散通过相应表征手段加以研究. X 射线粉末衍射(XRD), 拉曼(Raman)光谱, N₂物理吸附, N₂O分解和CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)等表征技术说明适量Al₂O₃的加入可以促进尖晶石CuFe₂O₄发生由四方相向立方相的转变, 阻止催化剂中Cu烧结, 增大表面Cu分散, 增加弱碱性位点的数量. 此外, 采用H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)技术探究改性的CuO/Fe₂O₃催化剂的还原性能. 关联结果发现, Al₂O₃掺杂在增大铜物种的耗氢量, 降低其还原温度方面起着重要的作用. 即Al₂O₃的添加促进CuO/Fe₂O₃催化剂中铜铁物种之间的协同作用. 结合活性测试和表征结果,适量的Al₂O₃ (10%(w))改性的催化剂具有较小的Cu颗粒尺寸、较大的Cu分散、较强的还原性能、较多数量的弱碱性位点, 因此具有更好的初始活性和热稳定性.     

CuO/Al2O3催化剂中毒与氧吸附

The effect of CuSO4 on the property of catalyst CuO/Al2O3 hasbeen investigated. The TPD-MS results showed that the amount of oxygen adsorbed on the surface of CuSO4-CuO/Al2O3 increased with CuSO4 content in the catalyst and the oxygen desorbed only at temperature above 900 K. TPSR results showed three adsorption sites of NO on the surface of CuO/Al2O3, respectively at 398, 643 and 683 K. The active site at 683 K was for NO decomposition and it was poisoned seriously when there was CuSO4 in the CuO/Al2O3. For CuSO4-CuO/Al2O3 the amount of N2O formed from NO decomposition reduced probably due to the increase of oxygen species in the catalyst.     

CuO—ZnO—La2O3—AI2O3催化剂上的甲醇水蒸汽重整

研究了La助剂对甲醇不蒸汽重整制氢CuO-ZnO-AI2O3催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,加入La助剂后,催化剂的低温活性和稳定性都得到明显提高;稳定性实验表明,在合适的反应条件下,CuO-ZnO-La2O3-AI2O3催化剂经600h实验,其甲醇转化率稳定在87．5％以上,CO含量低于0．35％,显示出良好的工业应用前景。XPS研究表明,加入La助剂后,铜组分在催化剂表面得到了更好的分散,且反应过程中在该催化剂表面Zn的富集量远高于在CuO-ZnO-AI2O3催化剂表面上。     

209Bi NQR in Mixed Oxides 2Bi2O3· B2O3, 3Bi2O3· 5B2O3, and Bi2O3· 3B2O3

It was earlier found from nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements and computer modeling that -Bi₂O₃, Bi₃O₄Br and mixed oxides Bi₂O₃· 2Al₂O₃, Bi₂O₃· 2Ga₂O₃, Bi₂O₃· 3GeO₂, and 2Bi₂O₃· 3GeO₂exhibit local ordered magnetic fields from 30 to 200 G. It thus follows that these compounds are not diamagnets in a conventional sence of the word. With the aim of revealing previously unknown magnetic properties in bismuth(III) oxide-based Main Group element compounds, the mixed bismuth–boron oxides 2Bi₂O₃· B₂O₃, 3Bi₂O₃· 5B₂O₃, and Bi₂O₃· 3B₂O₃were prepared and studied using ²⁰⁹Bi NQR. The quadrupole interactions of the ²⁰⁹Bi nuclei and their electronic environment were studied, the crystallochemical features of the compounds were discussed, and the conformity of the ²⁰⁹Bi results to the X-ray structure data was verified. The preliminary tests in the field of a permanent magnet showed that the resonance intensities increase in external magnetic fields, indicating that a magnetism of unknown nature develops in the titled compounds. It was found reasonable to continue studies of the magnetic properties of these compounds using single-crystal ²⁰⁹Bi NQR in external magnetic fields.     

CuO/CeO2-Al2O3催化剂中CuO高温迁移和固相反应的研究

采用原位XRD、激光Raman光谱和TPR技术研究了不同温度焙烧的CuO／CeO2-Al2O3催化剂中CuO物种的存在形式及其高温固相反应。结果表明，300℃焙烧催化剂CuO以晶相和非晶相形式存在于CeO2-Al2O3的表层。600℃焙烧催化剂，表层CuO部分迁移到CeO2内层，并与载体Al2O3反应生成CuAl2O4。800℃焙烧催化剂，除了极少景CuO以晶相和非晶相形式存在于CeO2-Al2O3的表层外，大部分CuO迁移到CeO2内层，与载体反应生成CuAl2O4的量明显增加。900℃焙烧催化剂。所有的Cu物种都以CuAl2O4形式存在。表明高温焙烧有利于CuO向CeO2内层迁移及内层CuO与载体Al2O3反应生成CuAl2O4。     

CuO/γ-Al2O3脱除烟气中SO2的研究

将CuO/γ-Al2O3用于烟气脱硫研究。考查了脱硫剂制备参数及反应条件对CuO/γ-Al2O3脱硫活性的影响。并对不同载铜量的脱硫剂进行了XRD表征。结果表明，载铜量的质量分数为8%～10%时，脱硫剂具有较高的脱硫活性，高于10%的载铜量致使活性组分CuO在Al2O3表面发生多层覆盖，活性位的利用率下降；在350 ℃～500 ℃的烟气温度及 3 000 L/kg·h～56 000 L/kg·h的操作空速范围内，CuO/γ-Al2O3具有较高的脱硫活性，烟气中的O2对于CuO/γ-Al2O3的脱硫活性是必需的，水的影响不大。     

CuO/CeO2-Al2O3催化剂中CuO物种的原位XRD、Raman和TPR表征

采用原位XRD、激光Raman光谱和TPR(程序升温还原)技术研究了CuO(w,%)/CeO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂中CuO物种的存在形式及其CuO物种的迁移. 低温焙烧(300 ℃)催化剂, CuO以高分散和晶相两种形式存在于CeO₂-Al₂O₃载体表层. 随着焙烧温度的升高, CuO开始从表层向CeO₂内层迁移. 处于内层的CuO部分以晶相形式存在, 部分与Al₂O₃载体反应生成CuAl₂O₄. 高温有利于表层CuO向CeO₂内层迁移, 同时促进CuAl₂O₄生成. 结果表明结合原位XRD、激光Raman光谱和TPR技术可以有效地观察催化剂中CuO物种的存在形式和分布.     

Effect of the CuAl2O4 and CuAlO2 Phases in Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of ETBE and TAME using CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

This paper studies Cu/Al₂O₃ catalysts, synthesized in two ways: copper deposit in the synthesis of alumina (sol gel) and incipient impregnation stabilized at 400 °C. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction studies, nitrogen physisorption, temperature programmed reduction of H₂, dehydration of isopropanol, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, which were evaluated in the liquid phase oxidation reaction of ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl ether. The formation of CuAl₂O₄ and CuAlO₂ in the samples synthesized by sol gel, led to a modification of the texture, thus resulting in an expansion of the specific area of the materials. CuAl₂O₄ and CuAlO₂ have been identified by DRX from a content of 10 % Copper, the first showed the highest intensity with this technique. In the same way, these species favor the presence of Lewis acid sites; this is reflected in the materials with (Di-isopropyl Ether) DIPE of 96.7 % and 91.1 % for the samples SAlCu5 and SAlCu15 respectively. The catalytic activity of the materials prepared by sol gel is in the function of the number of surface acid sites, the smaller particle size of the Cu and the surface of the contact, in the case of the ETBE meanwhile for TAME the activity was based mainly on the strength of the present acid sites. With impregnated materials, the activity is attributed to the smaller particle size of the Cu and the greater strength of the surface acid sites in the solid. The formation of spinel species inhibits the leaching phenomenon in the reaction milieu.     

Phase equilibria in the solid state and colour properties of the CuO–In2O3 system

Phase equilibria up to solidus line in CuO?CIn₂O₃ system have been investigated using XRD and DTA/TG methods. According to the results, only one compound of the formula Cu₂In₂O₅ formed in the system studied. Its thermal stability was determined in the air and argon proving that the compound did not melt but underwent decomposition. The decomposition of Cu₂In₂O₅ in the air atmosphere began at 1080?°C, while in argon at 835?°C. Additional studies were undertaken to determine the hitherto unknown colour properties of samples representing the CuO?CIn₂O₃ system in the equilibrium state.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体辅助CuO/CeO2-TiO2/r-Al2O3

在介质阻挡等离子体放电(DBD)辅助催化剂(6%CuO/15%TiO2/γ-Al2O3,6%CuO/5%CeO2/15%TiO2/γ-Al2O3)反应装置上,研究了4种不同反应条件下(NO+CH4,NO+CH4+O2,NO+CH4+NTP,NO+CH4+O2+NTP)NO和CH4反应,采用BET、XRD、H2-TPR和XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明在上述4种反应条件下,对于NO+CH4的反应,O2的存在有利于NO脱除,在等离子体条件下,O2的加入对NO的转化有所抑制;而等离子体的活化极大增强了NO的低温脱除活性.在等离子体存在条件下,6%CuO/5%CeO2/15%TiO2/γ-Al2O3(6Cu5Ce15TA)对NO的转化率都优于6%CuO/15%TiO2/γ-Al2O3(6Cu15TA).BET结果显示添加TiO2和CeO2于γ-Al2O3表面后,比表面积都有少量降低;而各载体负载6%CuO后比表面积也有所下降.XRD结果表明6Cu15TA和6Cu5Ce15TA催化剂由锐钛矿相TiO2组成,CuO在各催化剂表面呈现高度分散.H2-TPR数据和XPS实验结果显示负载CuO后,催化剂表面的铜物种由高度分散的CuO和嵌入到CeO2或TiO2晶格中Cu2+所组成.6Cu5Ce15TA表面含有较6Cu15TA多的Cu+,从而增强了NO的脱除活性.     

Effect of gamma-irradiation on surface and catalytic properties of CuO−ZnO/Al2O3 system

A copper, zinc and aluminium mixed oxides sample having the nominal composition 0.25 CuO/0.03 ZnO/Al₂O₃ was prepared by impregnating Al(OH)₃ with copper and zinc nitrate solutions, drying at 100 °C then heating in air at 600 °C. The obtained solid was exposed to different doses of -rays (20–160 Mrad). The surface characteristics namelyS _BETV_P andr of different treated adsorbents were determined from N₂ adsorption isothems measured at –196 °C. The catalytic activity of various irradiated solids was determined by following up the kinetics of CO-oxidation by O₂ at 150–200 °C. The results showed that the doses up to 80 Mrad resulted in no significant change in theS _BET but increased slightly theV _P (20%) of the treated adsorbents. The irradiation at 160 Mrad caused an increase of 20% in theS _BET of the irradiated solid sample. The catalytic activity increased progressively by increasing the dose, a dose of 160 Mrad brought about an increase of 140% in the catalyst's activity. The apparent activation energy of the catalytic reaction decreased monotonically by increasing the absorbed dose of -rays which was attributed to a parallel induced decrease in the value of pre-exponential term of the Arrhenius equation. The observed increase in the catalytic activity due to -irradiation has been interpreted as a result of increasing the concentration of catalytically-active sites contributing in chemisorption and catalysis of CO-oxidation via a possible fragmentation of CuO crystallites.     

CuO/ZnO/Al2O3合成甲醇催化剂制备方法

ＣｕＯ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３合成甲醇催化剂的制备方法吴晓晖刘金尧刘崇微朱起明（清华大学化学系一碳化工国家重点实验室，北京１０００８４）何菲（天津大学化工系一碳化工国家重点实验室，天津３０００７２）关键词氧化铜，氧化锌，氧化铝，超细粒子，草酸盐胶体...     

CuO／活性炭和Fe2O3／活性炭催化还原NO

ＣｕＯ／活性炭和Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３／活性炭催化还原ＮＯ高志明，赵震，杨向光，吴越（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词活性炭，还原，ＮＯ，氧化铜，氧化铁目前，对固定源的ＮＯ处理是采用Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＴｉＯ２作催化剂，ＮＨ３作还原剂的选择催化还原方...     

CuO/γ-Al2O3单分散催化剂的XAFS研究

采用XAFS方法研究浸渍法制备并于低温焙烧的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的局域结构.对于CuO负载量小于单层分散阈值的CuO/γ-Al2O3(0.4 mmol/100 m2),结果表明,CuO物种是以层状分散的孤立原子簇存在于γ-Al2O3载体表面,其第一近邻Cu－O配位环境的结构与晶态CuO的相似,键长和配位数分别为0.195 nm和4.对于CuO负载量等于单层分散阈值的CuO/γ-Al2O3(0.8 mmol/100 m2),已有少量的CuO纳米颗粒生成.对于CuO负载量大于单层分散阈值的CuO/γ-Al2O3(1.2 mmol/100 m2),其结构与多晶CuO的相近.基于CuO在γ-Al2O3载体上的三种不同分散状态的结构特点,我们提出了CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构模型.     

CuO/γ-Al2O3单分散催化剂的XAFS研究

采用XAFS方法研究浸渍法制备并于低温焙烧的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的局域结构.对于CuO负载量小于单层分散阈值的CuO/γ-Al2O3(0.4mmol/100m2),结果表明,CuO物种是以层状分散的孤立原子簇存在于γ-Al2O3载体表面,其第一近邻Cu-O配位环境的结构与晶态CuO的相似,键长和配位数分别为0.195nm和4.对于CuO负载量等于单层分散阈值的CuO/γ-Al2O3(0.8mmol/100m2),已有少量的CuO纳米颗粒生成.对于CuO负载量大于单层分散阈值的CuO/γ-Al2O3(1.2mmol/100m2),其结构与多晶CuO的相近.基于CuO在γ-Al2O3载体上的三种不同分散状态的结构特点,我们提出了CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构模型.     

CuO/Al2O3脱硫反应单颗粒模型化研究

针对氨再生CuO/Al2O3脱硫反应只发生在固体内外表面的CuO上这一特性,在粒子模型基础上,建立了描述氨再生CuO/Al2O3脱硫的单颗粒数学模型,并在热重分析仪上进行了CuO/Al2O3颗粒脱硫反应动力学的研究,将反应过程中CuO逐步变为CuSO4、孔隙率逐渐减小及气相SO2的有效扩散系数逐渐降低的现象用经验式De=α（1-x）b表达,从而使结构变化对反应的影响在颗粒模型中体现出来。模型预测与实验结果吻合良好。数值分析表明,孔扩散对CuO/Al2O3颗粒脱硫反应进程起重要作用,扩散活化能随反应的进行而增大。     

纳米CuO/Bi2O3粉体的制备及催化性能

以Cu(NO3)2,Bi(NO3)3和CO(NH2)2为原料,用水解法并掺加添加剂直接制备出纳米CuO／Bi203粉体。用FI-IR,XRD和TEM对其组成、粒子大小、表面形貌进行表征。结果表明,CuO／Bi：0,为类球形纳米粉体,粒度均匀,粒径20nm～4nm。实验结果证明CuO／Bi2O3对合成丁炔二醇具有良好的催化活性和选择性。