Non-Euclidean visibility problems

We consider the analog of visibility problems in hyperbolic plane (represented by Poincaré half-plane model ℍ), replacing the standard lattice ℤ × ℤ by the orbitz = i under the full modular group SL₂(ℤ). We prove a visibility criterion and study orchard problem and the cardinality of visible points in large circles.     

Matrix Riemann-Hilbert problems and factorization on Riemann surfaces

The Wiener-Hopf factorization of 2×2 matrix functions and its close relation to scalar Riemann-Hilbert problems on Riemann surfaces is investigated. A family of function classes denoted C(Q₁,Q₂) is defined. To each class C(Q₁,Q₂) a Riemann surface Σ is associated, so that the factorization of the elements of C(Q₁,Q₂) is reduced to solving a scalar Riemann-Hilbert problem on Σ. For the solution of this problem, a notion of Σ-factorization is introduced and a factorization theorem is presented. An example of the factorization of a function belonging to the group of exponentials of rational functions is studied. This example may be seen as typical of applications of the results of this paper to finite-dimensional integrable systems.     

Obstacle-type problems for minimal surfaces

We study certain obstacle-type problems involving standard and nonlocal minimal surfaces. We obtain optimal regularity of the solution and a characterization of the free boundary.     

Exclusion regions for optimization problems

Branch and bound methods for finding all solutions of a global optimization problem in a box frequently have the difficulty that subboxes containing no solution cannot be easily eliminated if they are close to the global minimum. This has the effect that near each global minimum, and in the process of solving the problem also near the currently best found local minimum, many small boxes are created by repeated splitting, whose processing often dominates the total work spent on the global search. This paper discusses the reasons for the occurrence of this so-called cluster effect, and how to reduce the cluster effect by defining exclusion regions around each local minimum found, that are guaranteed to contain no other local minimum and hence can safely be discarded. In addition, we will introduce a method for verifying the existence of a feasible point close to an approximate local minimum. These exclusion regions are constructed using uniqueness tests based on the Krawczyk operator and make use of first, second and third order information on the objective and constraint functions.     

Level surfaces of parametric eigenvalue problems

This paper concerns eigenvalue problems that depend on a finite number of parameters. If the eigenvalue is considered as a function of the parameters, then its gradient and level surfaces (or curves) can be evaluated. In the case that all the parameters appear linearly, this function must be concave.     

A limit-method for solving period problems on minimal surfaces

We introduce a new technique to solve period problems on minimal surfaces called “limit-method”. If a family of surfaces has Weierstraß data converging to the data of a known example, and this presents a transversal solution of periods, then the original family contains a sub-family with closed periods.     

p-Laplacian boundary value problems on exterior regions

This paper treats some variational principles for solutions of inhomogeneous p  -Laplacian boundary value problems on exterior regions U?R^N$U?{\mathbb{R}}^N$ with dimension N?3$N?3$. Existence-uniqueness results when p∈(1,N)$p\in (1,N)$ are provided in a space E^1,p(U)$E^{1,p}(U)$ of functions that contains W^1,p(U)$W^{1,p}(U)$. Functions in E^1,p(U)$E^{1,p}(U)$ are required to decay at infinity in a measure theoretic sense. Various properties of this space are derived, including results about equivalent norms, traces and an L^p$L^p$-imbedding theorem. Also an existence result for a general variational problem of this type is obtained.     

Pseudospherical surfaces and some problems of mathematical physics

In the paper, some aspects of the interrelation of Lobachevsky geometry and nonlinear differential equations are discussed. __________ Translated from Fundamental’naya i Prikladnaya Matematika (Fundamental and Applied Mathematics), Vol. 11, No. 1, Geometry, 2005.     

Prym differentials as solutions to boundary value problems on Riemann surfaces

Construction of multiplicative functions and Prym differentials, including the case of characters with branch points, reduces to solving a homogeneous boundary value problem on the Riemann surface. The use of the well-established theory of boundary value problems creates additional possibilities for studying Prym differentials and related bundles. Basing on the theory of boundary value problems, we fully describe the class of divisors of Prym differentials and obtain new integral expressions for Prym differentials, which enable us to study them directly and, in particular, to study their dependence on the point of the Teichmüller space and characters. Relying on this, we obtain and generalize certain available results on Prym differentials by a new method.     

Boundary problems of the theory of analytic functions on Riemann surfaces

The survey includes papers reviewed in RZh Matematika from 1954–1979. We consider the Riemann boundary problem on a compact Riemann surface and in the class of piecewise-meromorphic automorphic functions; singular integral equations with automorphic kernels and in the form of Abelian integrals; the method of symmetry in solving the problems of Hilbert (linear and nonlinear), Schwarz, Carleman, etc., in the case of a Riemann surface with boundary and in the case of a planar domain, bounded by an algebraic curve; and boundary problems on open Riemann surfaces.Translated from Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki, Seriya Matematicheskii Analiz, Vol. 18, pp. 3–66, 1980.     

Universality and asymptotics of graph counting problems in non-orientable surfaces

Bender-Canfield showed that a plethora of graph counting problems in orientable/non-orientable surfaces involve two constants tg and pg for the orientable and the non-orientable case, respectively. T.T.Q. Le and the authors recently discovered a hidden relation between the sequence tg and a formal power series solution u(z) of the Painlevé I equation which, among other things, allows to give exact asymptotic expansion of tg to all orders in 1/g for large g. The paper introduces a formal power series solution v(z) of a Riccati equation, gives a non-linear recursion for its coefficients and an exact asymptotic expansion to all orders in g for large g, using the theory of Borel transforms. In addition, we conjecture a precise relation between the sequence pg and v(z). Our conjecture is motivated by the enumerative aspects of a quartic matrix model for real symmetric matrices, and the analytic properties of its double scaling limit. In particular, the matrix model provides a computation of the number of rooted quadrangulations in the 2-dimensional projective plane. Our conjecture implies analyticity of the O(N)- and Sp(N)-types of free energy of an arbitrary closed 3-manifold in a neighborhood of zero. Finally, we give a matrix model calculation of the Stokes constants, pose several problems that can be answered by the Riemann-Hilbert approach, and provide ample numerical evidence for our results.