A criterion for Hill operators to be spectral operators of scalar type

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a Hill operator (i.e., a one-dimensional periodic Schrö dinger operator) H = ?d ² /dx ² + V to be a spectral operator of scalar type. The conditions show the remarkable fact that the property of a Hill operator being a spectral operator is independent of smoothness (or even analyticity) properties of the potential V. In the course of our analysis, we also establish a functional model for periodic Schrödinger operators that are spectral operators of scalar type and develop the corresponding eigenfunction expansion.The problem of deciding which Hill operators are spectral operators of scalar type appears to have been open for about 40 years.     

Behavior of the formal solution to a mixed problem for the wave equation

The behavior of the formal solution, obtained by the Fourier method, to a mixed problem for the wave equation with arbitrary two-point boundary conditions and the initial condition φ(х) (for zero initial velocity) with weaker requirements than those for the classical solution is analyzed. An approach based on the Cauchy–Poincare technique, consisting in the contour integration of the resolvent of the operator generated by the corresponding spectral problem, is used. Conditions giving the solution to the mixed problem when the wave equation is satisfied only almost everywhere are found. When φ(x) is an arbitrary function from L₂[0, 1], the formal solution converges almost everywhere and is a generalized solution to the mixed problem.     

Fourier method in a mixed problem for the wave equation on a graph

A mixed problem for the wave equation on the simplest geometric graph consisting of two ring edges that touch at a point is considered. The approach used is based on the contour integration of the operator’s resolvent. With the help of a special transformation of a formal series, a classical solution of the problem is obtained under minimum conditions imposed on the initial data. This approach makes it possible to do without an expensive analysis of improved asymptotics for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the operator and to avoid the difficulties associated with the possible multiplicity of the operator’s spectrum.     

Finite energy solutions of self‐adjoint elliptic mixed boundary value problems

This paper describes existence, uniqueness and special eigenfunction representations of H¹‐solutions of second order, self‐adjoint, elliptic equations with both interior and boundary source terms. The equations are posed on bounded regions with Dirichlet conditions on part of the boundary and Neumann conditions on the complement. The system is decomposed into separate problems defined on orthogonal subspaces of H¹(Ω). One problem involves the equation with the interior source term and the Neumann data. The other problem just involves the homogeneous equation with Dirichlet data. Spectral representations of the solution operators for each of these problems are found. The solutions are described using bases that are, respectively, eigenfunctions of the differential operator with mixed null boundary conditions, and certain mixed Steklov eigenfunctions. These series converge strongly in H¹(Ω). Necessary and sufficient conditions for the Dirichlet part of the boundary data to have a finite energy extension are described. The solutions for a problem that models a cylindrical capacitor is found explicitly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formal diagonalization of a discrete lax operator and conservation laws and symmetries of dynamical systems

We consider the problem of constructing a formal asymptotic expansion in the spectral parameter for an eigenfunction of a discrete linear operator. We propose a method for constructing an expansion that allows obtaining conservation laws of discrete dynamical systems associated with a given linear operator. As illustrative examples, we consider known nonlinear models such as the discrete potential Kortewegde Vries equation, the discrete version of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the Veselov-Shabat dressing chain, and others. We describe the infinite set of conservation laws for the discrete Toda chain corresponding to the Lie algebra A ₁ ⁽¹⁾ . We find new examples of integrable systems of equations on a square lattice.     

Fredholm Integral Equations of the First Kind and Topological Information Theory

The Fredholm integral equations of the first kind are a classical example of ill-posed problem in the sense of Hadamard. If the integral operator is self-adjoint and admits a set of eigenfunctions, then a formal solution can be written in terms of eigenfunction expansions. One of the possible methods of regularization consists in truncating this formal expansion after restricting the class of admissible solutions through a-priori global bounds. In this paper we reconsider various possible methods of truncation from the viewpoint of the ${\varepsilon}$ -coverings of compact sets.     

Behavior of the formal Fourier solution of the wave equation with a summable potential

The convergence of the formal Fourier solution to a mixed problem for the wave equation with a summable potential is analyzed under weaker assumptions imposed on the initial position u(x, 0) = φ(x) than those required for a classical solution up to the case φ(x)∈ L_p[0,1] for p > 1. It is shown that the formal solution series always converges and represents a weak solution of the mixed problem.     

On the convergence of the formal Fourier solution of the wave equation with a summable potential

The convergence of the formal Fourier solution to a mixed problem for the wave equation with a summable potential is analyzed under weaker assumptions imposed on the initial position u(x, 0) = φ(x) than those required for a classical solution up to the case φ(x) ∈ L_p[0,1] for p > 1. It is shown that the formal solution series always converges and represents a weak solution of the mixed problem.     

Hypoellipticity on the Heisenberg group

Let P be a left-invariant differential operator on the Heisenberg group Hⁿ, P homogeneous with respect to the dilations on Hⁿ. We show that a necessary and sufficient condition for the hypoellipticity of P is that π(P) be an injective operator for every irreducible unitary representation π of Hⁿ (except the trivial representation). Furthermore, hypoellipticity is preserved if the homogeneous operator P is perturbed by terms of lower order of homogeneity. (Homogeneity means homogeneity with respect to dilations of Hⁿ.) It is also shown that if P is homogeneous, left-invariant and hypoelliptic on Hⁿ, then its formal adjoint is hypoelliptic.     

Characteristics of nonlinear positive functionals and their applications

An eigenfunction expansion theorem is proved under certain assumptions about a nonselfadjoint operator A + V, where A is selfadjoint, not necessarily bounded below, and the eigenfunction expansion theorem for A is known.     

On a Chain of Harmonic and Monogenic Potentials in Euclidean Half–space

In the framework of Clifford analysis, a chain of harmonic and monogenic potentials is constructed in the upper half of Euclidean space ? ^m+1, including a higher dimensional generalization of the complex logarithmic function. Their distributional limits at the boundary ? ^m turn out to be well-known distributions such as the Dirac distribution, the Hilbert kernel, the fundamental solution of the Laplace and Dirac operators, the square root of the negative Laplace operator, and the like. It is shown how each of those potentials may be recovered from an adjacent kernel in the chain by an appropriate convolution with such a distributional limit.     

Interactions of fast and slow waves in hyperbolic systems with two time scales

We consider certain symmetric hyperbolic systems of nonlinear partial differential equations whose solutions vary on two time scales. The large part of the spatial operator is assumed to have constant coefficients, but a nonlinear term multiplying the time derivatives is allowed. We show that if the initial data are not prepared correctly for the suppression of the fast scale motion, but contain errors of amplitude O(?), then the perturbation in the solution will also be of amplitude O(?). Further, if the large part of the spatial operator is nonsingular, we show that the error introduced in the slow scale motion will be of amplitude O(?²), even though fast scale waves of amplitude O(?) will be present in the solution.     

On low eigenvalues of the Laplacian with mixed boundary conditions

By means of the so-called α-symmetrization we study the eigenvalue problem for the Laplace operator with mixed boundary conditions. We obtain various bounds for combinations of the low eigenvalues and some sharp comparison results for the first eigenfunction in terms of Bessel functions.     

THE LEGENDRE TYPE OPERATOR IN A LEFT DEFINITE HILBERT SPACE

Abstract

The techniques for discussing linear differential operators in left definite spaces, developed earlier for regular fourth order and singular second order operators, are applied the Legendre type operator. It is shown that the operator, with its domain merely restricted to the new space, remains self-adjoint and has the same spectrum, inverse and spectral resolution (an eigenfunction expansion) as the original L ² operator.     

Finding multiple solutions to elliptic systems with polynomial nonlinearity

Elliptic systems with polynomial nonlinearity usually possess multiple solutions. In order to find multiple solutions, such elliptic systems are discretized by eigenfunction expansion method (EEM). Error analysis of the discretization is presented, which is different from the error analysis of EEM for scalar elliptic equations in three aspects: first, the choice of framework for the nonlinear operator and the corresponding isomorphism of the linearized operator; second, the definition of an auxiliary problem in deriving the relation between the L² norm and H¹ norm of the Ritz projection error; third, the bilinearity/nonbilinearity of the linearized variational forms. The symmetric homotopy for the discretized equations preserves not only D₄ symmetry, but also structural symmetry. With the symmetric homotopy, a filter strategy and a finite element Newton refinement, multiple solutions to a system of semilinear elliptic equations arising from Bose–Einstein condensate are found.     

Mixed problem for the wave equation with a summable potential and nonzero initial velocity

The resolvent approach in the Fourier method, combined with Krylov’s ideas concerning convergence acceleration for Fourier series, is used to obtain a classical solution of a mixed problem for the wave equation with a summable potential, fixed ends, a zero initial position, and an initial velocity ψ(x), where ψ(x) is absolutely continuous, ψ'(x) ∈ L ₂[0,1], and ψ(0) = ψ(1) = 0. In the case ψ(x) ∈ L[0,1], it is shown that the series of the formal solution converges uniformly and is a weak solution of the mixed problem.     

Reproducing kernels of Sobolev spaces via a green kernel approach with differential operators and boundary operators

We introduce a vector differential operator P and a vector boundary operator B to derive a reproducing kernel along with its associated Hilbert space which is shown to be embedded in a classical Sobolev space. This reproducing kernel is a Green kernel of differential operator L:?=?P ^???T P with homogeneous or nonhomogeneous boundary conditions given by B, where we ensure that the distributional adjoint operator P ^??? of P is well-defined in the distributional sense. We represent the inner product of the reproducing-kernel Hilbert space in terms of the operators P and B. In addition, we find relationships for the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the reproducing kernel and the operators with homogeneous or nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. These eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are used to compute a series expansion of the reproducing kernel and an orthonormal basis of the reproducing-kernel Hilbert space. Our theoretical results provide perhaps a more intuitive way of understanding what kind of functions are well approximated by the reproducing kernel-based interpolant to a given multivariate data sample.     

Initial value/boundary value problems for fractional diffusion-wave equations and applications to some inverse problems

We consider initial value/boundary value problems for fractional diffusion-wave equation: , where 0<α?2, where L is a symmetric uniformly elliptic operator with t-independent smooth coefficients. First we establish the unique existence of the weak solution and the asymptotic behavior as the time t goes to ∞ and the proofs are based on the eigenfunction expansions. Second for α∈(0,1), we apply the eigenfunction expansions and prove (i) stability in the backward problem in time, (ii) the uniqueness in determining an initial value and (iii) the uniqueness of solution by the decay rate as t→∞, (iv) stability in an inverse source problem of determining t-dependent factor in the source by observation at one point over (0,T).     

对边简支的矩形平面弹性问题的辛本征展开定理

对来源于平面弹性问题的Hamilton算子的本征值问题进行了研究．在矩形域内含位移和应力的混合边界条件下,首先求解了相应算子的本征函数．接着,证明了本征函数系的完备性,这为施行分离变量法求解相应问题提供了可行性．最后,利用文中的辛本征展开定理获得了问题的一般解．     

First boundary-value problem in the half-strip for a parabolic-type equation with bessel operator and Riemann–Liouville derivative

The first boundary-value problem in the half-strip for a parabolic-type equation with Bessel operator and Riemann–Liouville derivative is studied. In the case of the zero initial condition, the representation of the solution in terms of the Fox H-function is obtained. The uniqueness of the solution for a class of functions vanishing at infinity is proved. It is shown that when the equation under consideration coincides with the Fourier equation, the obtained representation of the solution becomes the known representation of the solution of the corresponding problem.