速效胃宁冲剂中铝含量分析

用分光光度法测定了五批速效胃宁冲剂中铝的含量。结果表明,用该法测定药物中的铝含量,线性范围0.008～0.200 mg*L-1。五批速效胃宁冲剂中铝含量较丰富,这为临床合理用药提供了有用数据。     

速效胃宁冲剂中微量元素锌锰镍的分析

用火焰原子吸收法测定了5批速效胃宁冲剂中锌、锰、镍的含量。结果表明,速效胃宁冲剂中锌含量较丰富,镍较少;其含量由高到低的顺序为：锌＞锰＞镍。探讨了速效胃宁冲剂中微量元素与疗效的关系。     

速效胃宁冲剂中钾钠钙镁含量分析

用原子吸收法测定了5批速效胃冲剂中钾,钠,钙,镁的含量,结果表明,该药物中钾,钠,钙,镁的含量均较丰富,本结果为探讨速效胃宁冲剂中宏量元素及疗效的关系提供了有用数据。     

用罗丹明B-锗钼蓝分光光度法测定植物性中药和食品中微量锗的研究

在酸性介质中，非离子表面活性剂聚乙烯醇存在下，用罗丹明B－锗钼蓝离子缔合物水相分光光度法测定食品、中药中的微量锗。缔合物最大吸收波长为580nm，摩尔吸收系数为1．02×105mol·L－1·cm－1，0～0．40mg·L－1锗满足比尔定律。方法精密度为5．9％，回收率为95％～105％。     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定广西北部湾海鸭蛋中硒和锗的含量

以硝酸-过氧化氢（体积比为5：3）混合溶液为消解剂,微波消解法处理海鸭蛋样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品溶液中的硒和锗的含量。选择适合的同位素元素,运用碰撞室技术（CCT）降低多原子离子对元素硒、锗的干扰,用钇作为在线内标。硒、锗工作曲线的线性范围均为0．0-100．0ng／mL,相关系数r=0．9996;硒、锗的检出限分别为1．1,0．15ng／mL,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4．78％,5．70％（n=6）,加标回收率为92．2％-104．0％。用该法测定国家标准物质黄鱼（GBW08573）中硒的含量,测定值在标称值范围内。     

二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物中二氧化锗的锆共沉—比色测定法

用氢氧化锆共沉－比色法测定二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物的二氧化锗的含量，先将锗与氢氧化锆共沉，沉淀用盐酸溶解，再用四氯化碳萃取盐酸溶液中锗，锗用苯芴酮比色法在５１０ｎｍ，处测定。结果表明，锗在１０＾－６－１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围同吸收率与浓度呈线性关系，回收率为９８％－１０３％，变异系数小于５％，该法可用于原料及制占二氧化锗的分析。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定有机锗饮品中锗

运用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定有机锗饮品中有机锗和无机锗的含量，并对试验条件的优化进行了探索，对总锗的测定只作简单的稀释，应用钯作为基体改进剂，提高了检测灵敏度和回收率，有机锗和无机锗回收率分别在97％－99％和95％－103％之间，RSD均小于5．0％。方法简便、快速、重复性好。     

沙棘中有机锗的测定

本文采用光谱法测定了辽宁朝阳地区的沙棘中有机锗含量。方法的线性范围为0．1～0．7μg／g，检出限为0．65μg／g。样品中总锗含量为1414．10μg／g，有机锗含量为1397．74μg／g约占总锗的98．8％，为充分利用沙棘的有机锗提供了依据。     

病人血样中痕量锗,锶的石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定

本文运用石墨炉ＡＡＳ法加基体改进技术，测定了５０岁以上病人血清及环境水样中锗和锶的含量。用０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＮＯ３－０．１％ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００稀释血清，测定精度可与火焰法媲美。锗，锶的特征量分别为２８ｐｇ和１８ｐｇ；线性范围为０－２５０ｎｇ／ｍＬ和－３５．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ；相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１０）４．１０％和２．４９％；回收率分别为９２．２％－９９．０％和９２．０％１０２％。方法快速准确，结果满     

二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物中二氧化锗的锆共沉－比色测定法

用氢氧化锆共沉－比色法测定二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物中二氧化锗的含量，先将锗与氢氧化锆共沉，沉淀用盐酸溶解，再用四氯化碳萃取盐酸溶液中锗，锗用苯芴酮比色法在５１０ｎｍ处测定。结果表明，锗在１０－６～１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内吸收度与浓度呈线性关系，回收率为９８％～１０３％，变异系数小于５％，该法可用于原料及制剂中二氧化锗的分析。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。