水热-固相热解法制备不同形貌的四氧化三钴纳米微粉

以氨水和氢氧化钾水溶液为沉淀剂,利用沉淀-固相热解法和中压水热-固相热解法,制备了不同形貌的Co₃O₄纳米微粉.在水热条件下,得到了立方和六角片状的Co₃O₄微粉,采用XRD和TEM等手段跟踪反应过程并表征产物,在此水热反应体系中影响产物Co₃O₄形貌的主要因素是pH值和NO₃^-.     

磨盘碾磨制备PA6/PP/SBS共混物的结构与性能

采用磨盘形力化学反应器,在室温下制备了PA6/PP超细混合粉体,与SBS共混制得PA6/PP/SBS共混物,测定了材料的力学性能并用TEM研究了材料在不同加工温度下相结构的变化.结果表明,通过固相力化学粉碎制备的PA6/PP混合微粉,改善了PA6与PP和SBS的相容性,促进了PA6及PP的分散和与SBS的相界面结合.在微粉填充量为4%～8%(质量分数)时,材料的拉伸强度大幅度提高,扯断伸长率保持不变.加工温度变化引起材料相结构的变化对材料性能产生显著影响.在PP熔融温度下加工,PP粒子产生粘连形成链状结构,可提高材料的力学性能.     

一种丝球形氧化镍微粉的制备方法

氧化镍在工业上主要用作制备电池电极、催化剂、半导体(如压敏、热敏电阻)、镍锌铁氧体、玻璃及陶瓷着色料的粉末原料[1].其微粒的形态特征在很大程度上决定了粉末的性能.目前,已制备出的氧化镍微粒有球形[2]、片形[3]、针形[4,5]等.但对于由丝状微粒团聚而成的球形氧化镍微粉的制备,在国内外尚未见报道.本文用尿素均相沉淀法制备出了丝状的氧化镍前驱体粉末及由丝状粉团聚而成的球形氧化镍微粉.     

CS2对完全液相法制备的 Cu-Zn-Al催化剂上合成气制DME反应性能的影响

实验以CS₂为硫源,考察硫对完全液相法制备Cu-Zn-Al催化剂活性的影响,并用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、氢气程序升温吸附(H₂-TPR)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)等方法对催化剂性能进行了表征。结果表明,对完全液相法制备的Cu-Zn-Al催化剂而言,加入小于4mg/L 的CS₂对催化剂的活性影响不大;催化剂的活性随着加入硫含量的增加,下降程度增大。     

纳米银/二维石墨相氮化碳/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化降解抗生素

为优化石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)光催化剂的结构,改善其对污染物的降解性能,本文以三聚氰胺为前驱体,通过高温煅烧和热氧化剥离制备了二维石墨相氮化碳(2D-C₃N₄),并用光还原法一步合成纳米银/二维石墨相氮化碳/还原氧化石墨烯(Ag/2D-C₃N₄/rGO)复合光催化剂。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、光致发光光谱(PL)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氮气吸附脱附等温曲线(BET)等对材料进行表征。 以头孢曲松钠为目标污染物,探究pH值、催化剂用量、头孢曲松钠初始浓度等因素对催化剂的吸附、降解性能的影响,并探究降解反应机理。 当pH=6.0,催化剂用量为0.3 g/L,头孢曲松钠初始浓度为10.0 mg/L时,复合材料对头孢曲松钠的降解率可达到89.1%。 催化剂的稳定性较强,具有实际应用价值,可用于处理含头孢类抗生素的废水。     

Ho3+掺杂铁酸铋的制备及光催化性

为提高铁酸铋磁性和光催化性能,通过低温热分解前驱体快速制备出可磁分离回收的Ho³⁺掺杂铁酸铋复合物Bi_0.95Ho_0.05FeO₃纳米颗粒,并用X粉末衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(FT-IR)、紫外可见漫反射光谱仪(DRS),磁强计(VSM)和Zeta电位仪等多种手段对物相和性质进行表征,同时以甲基橙(MO)为降解模型,考察溶液的酸碱性和常见无机阴离子共存下其光催化性能。 结果显示,产物以R3c相铁酸铋为主,带隙为1.90 eV,Ho³⁺掺杂后使铁酸铋的磁性增强了4倍,催化性能提高30%。 而该催化剂的催化性能受降解溶液本身酸碱性以及共存阴离子的氧化性与酸碱性的影响。 另外,对该催化剂的回收也进行了研究。 结果表明,所得催化剂可通过磁分离回收,从而反复利用。     

含氟CaO-P2O5-SiO2-Na2O-B2O3玻璃陶瓷的制备及性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CaO-P₂O₅-SiO₂-Na₂O-B₂O₃体系前驱体粉末,用CaF₂替代部分CaO再次制备前驱体粉末。 通过TG-DSC分析确定结晶温度为865 ℃,经过热处理获得主晶相为Na₆Ca₃Si₆O₁₈的玻璃陶瓷。 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术手段及体外生物活性实验分析玻璃陶瓷的显微结构及性能。 结果表明,CaF₂的加入能提高玻璃陶瓷的体积密度、抗折强度和弹性模量,并且不会破坏玻璃陶瓷的生物活性。     

喷雾热解制备稀土超细粉末(Ⅰ)——氧化钇粒子形态与形成机理

对Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O的差热和热重分析表明,Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O经脱水和热分解在580C以上完全分解为Y₂O₃.在此基础上,以Y(NO₃)₃·6H₂O为前驱体,采用喷雾热解过程制备出粒度为0.50～1.50μm的立方相球形Y₂O₃粉末.通过对产物粒子粒度的理论计算与实验结果的比较,推测Y₂O₃粒子形成机理符合液滴-粒子转变机理(One-Droplet-One-Particlemechanism).本喷雾热解过程同样适用于其它稀土超细粉末的制备,粒子粒度可以通过调节液滴尺寸和溶液浓度等操作条件进行控制.     

β-酮烯胺类手性共价有机框架的合成及在毛细管气相色谱中的应用

利用2,4,6-三羟基-1,3,5-苯三甲醛(Tfp)和(S)-2,5-双(2-甲基丁氧基)对苯二甲酸二酰肼(Mth)作为单体, 通过席夫碱反应合成了新型的β-酮烯胺类手性共价有机框架(COF)材料TfpMth COF. 采用粉末X射线衍射、 红外光谱、 热重分析及氮气吸附-脱附等手段对制备的TfpMth COF粉末进行了表征, 结果表明其具有良好的结晶度、 高的孔隙率和优异的热稳定性. 基于此, 以该COF为新型固定相采用原位生长法制备了TfpMth COF键合毛细管柱, 成功分离了一系列直链与支链的烷烃和醇类, 以及苯/环己烷、 乙苯/苯乙烯混合物. 该结果为β-酮烯胺类COF在色谱分离中的应用提供了新思路, 也为研究新型气相色谱固定相提供了参考.     

臭氧氧化法制备超细AgO粉末及其抗菌性能研究

针对现有方法制备AgO粉末存在粒径大、含量低、对设备要求高、制备过程产生污染环境的废液等问题, 以无污染的臭氧为氧化剂, 通过化学氧化法制备超细AgO粉末. 研究了反应温度、初始pH值、臭氧通入时间等因素对AgO含量的影响. 利用XRD, XPS, SEM, 烧瓶振荡法对制备产物进行表征. 结果表明, 当反应温度为45 ℃、初始pH值为14、臭氧通入时间为5 h时, 制得形状为板状, 厚度约为100 nm, AgO含量为83.56%的超细粉末|粉末中只含有Ag, O两种元素, Ag主要以单斜AgO和少量的立方Ag₂O形式存在|AgO具有强的抗菌能力, 1 mg•L^－1AgO含量为83.56%的粉末与金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌接触作用30 min, 其杀菌率均超过99.9%, 且同样条件下5 min内AgO的杀菌效率是Ag₂O的7倍.     

Correlating detergent fiber analysis and dietary fiber analysis data for corn stover collected by NIRS

There exist large amounts of detergent fiber analysis data [neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL)] for many different potential cellulosic ethanol feedstocks, since these techniques are widely used for the analysis of forages. Researchers working in the area of cellulosic ethanol are interested in the structural carbohydrates in a feedstock (principally glucan and xylan), which are typically determined by acid hydrolysis of the structural fraction after multiple extractions of the biomass. These so-called dietary fiber analysis methods are significantly more involved than detergent fiber analysis methods. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is feasible to correlate detergent fiber analysis values to glucan and xylan content determined by dietary fiber analysis methods for corn stover. In the detergent fiber analysis literature cellulose is often estimated as the difference between ADF and ADL, while hemicellulose is often estimated as the difference between NDF and ADF. Examination of a corn stover dataset containing both detergent fiber analysis data and dietary fiber analysis data predicted using near infrared spectroscopy shows that correlations between structural glucan measured using dietary fiber techniques and cellulose estimated using detergent techniques, and between structural xylan measured using dietary fiber techniques and hemicellulose estimated using detergent techniques are high, but are driven largely by the underlying correlation between total extractives measured by fiber analysis and NDF/ADF. That is, detergent analysis data is correlated to dietary fiber analysis data for structural carbohydrates, but only indirectly; the main correlation is between detergent analysis data and solvent extraction data produced during the dietary fiber analysis procedure.     

Quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with HPLC fingerprint qualitative analyses for comprehensive evaluation of Aurantii Fructus

The present study aimed to develop a strategy involving quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint qualitative analysis for performing the quality control of Aurantii Fructus. The content of 12 components (eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, meranzin, poncirin, naringenin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and auraptene) in samples was determined using reliable relative correction factors that were obtained using naringin as an internal reference standard. The new method demonstrated good applicability, and no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the new method as determined by calculating standard method difference. Qualitative evaluation of samples was conducted using similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and quality fluctuation analysis. Chromatographic fingerprint data were divided into three groups by similarity and hierarchical cluster analyses, and seven components may have a more significant impact on the quality of Aurantii Fructus in quality fluctuation analysis. Overall, the study suggests that the qualitative and quantitative analyses of multicomponents using quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker combined with chromatographic fingerprinting can be considered good quality criteria for performing quality control and providing technical support for the further pharmacological and pharmaceutical research of Aurantii Fructus.     

手性分子与手性拓扑指数

应用自制的有机化合物结构解析专家系统ESESOC, 对与28个外消旋类化合物(特殊的氨基酸)分子手性中心有关的对称性问题进行了判别, 如对称面、对称点和对称轴等. 同时用的开发的程序对这些化合物的构型进行了自动识别和标示. 在此基础上, 以手性拓扑指数为参数, 利用Fisher意义下的分析和人工神经网络法, 对这些化合物的对映体进行了高效液相色谱分离中先后淋洗出的的对映体进行分类判别. 结果表明, 人工神经网络法优于Fisher意义下的判别分析.     

River Pollution Data Interpreted by Means of Chemometric Methods

Environmental data, including river pollution data, are characterized by high variability. Much information is lost by using only univariate graphical or statistical methods for data evaluation and interpretation. Chemometric methods, in particular methods of multivariate data analysis, help to extract the latent information in such data. The combination of cluster analysis as the first step and multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant analysis as the second step enables identification of similar locations in a river. Pollution sources and dischargers can be detected by means of factor analysis. The deposition–remobilization behavior of metals in a river can be described using partial least squares regression. Summarizing, it can be stated that methods of multivariate data analysis are powerful tools for the evaluation and interpretation of river pollution data.     

Synthesis and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Microcapsules Containing Immortelle Essential Oil

In this study, microcapsules were prepared by solvent evaporation technique using ethyl cellulose component as wall and essential oil as core material. The synthesis of microcapsules was carried out using different oil masses. The analysis of the microcapsules was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and UV spectrophotometric analysis using absorption spectrophotometer. The obtained results confirm the regular spherical shape and size of the synthesized microcapsules. The qualitative and quantitative spectrophotometric analysis of the microencapsulated immortelle oil was measured at the wavelength of 265 nm. The calibration diagram was used to calculate the unknown concentrations of the microencapsulated oil. The obtained results confirm the application of the presented method as relevant for the possible determination of microencapsulated oil on textile materials.     

Bovine serum albumin as a molecular sensor for the discrimination of complex metabolite samples

The potential for using serum albumin (SA) as a broadly applicable molecular sensor was explored in an effort to develop a method for rapid analysis of complex metabolite samples. SA is a protein present at high concentration in blood, which transports a diverse set of compounds including fatty acids, hormones, and drugs. The effectiveness of the bovine ortholog (BSA) as a molecular sensor was tested by analyzing the pool of small molecules bound to the protein after a brief incubation with complex fluids of biological origin. As an initial test, three varietals of red wine were readily distinguished. Further analysis using four varietals of white wine also showed clear separation. In a second analysis using urine, animals in hemorrhagic shock were separated from a group of comparably treated controls. A time course analysis showed that recovery from injury could also be followed using the assay. This finding is significant as there currently is no method or biomarker for predicting the onset of shock. Comparison of samples was based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis of compounds selectively bound by BSA. Analysis of the samples after protein selection revealed a significant reduction in complexity and clear separation of groups by Principle Component Analysis (PCA). These results show the potential for using cargo-carrying proteins as molecular sensors for screening complex samples without the need for prior knowledge of sample composition or concentration and may streamline elucidation of biomarkers.     

Miniaturized membrane-based reversed-phase chromatography and enzyme reactor for protein digestion,peptide separation,and protein identification using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Separation and determination of water- and fat-soluble vitamins by micellar (MEKC) and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) are compared. MEKC is only useful in the quantitative analysis of water-soluble vitamins when sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) is used as the surfactant. However, the separation of mixtures containing water- and fat-soluble vitamins is only achieved by MEEKC using a microemulsion prepared by mixing SDS as the surfactant, butanol as the co-surfactant, octane as the non-polar modifier and propanol as the second co-surfactant. The injection time and the solvent used for the dilution of samples have a significant effect on the analysis of lypophilic compounds. The most reproducible results in the analysis of fat-soluble vitamins are obtained by using the same microemulsion electrolyte as the solvent for samples and an injection time of 10 s.     

Multicomponent Analysis Of Environmental Matrices

Abstract

The paper reviews several modalities of multicomponent analysis, namely: multilinear regression by using single or multiple standards, non-linear optimization systems by using the Gauss-Newton or the Simplex methods and factor analysis, which have been used by the authors in recent papers.

These multicomponent methods have been applied to environmental samples by different analysis techniques, such as UV- visible spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, polarography-voltametry, simultaneous kinetic processes. monitoring of liquid-liquid extraction processes and HPLC (resolution of overlapped peaks). In this way, the advantages and limitations of the methodology of multicomponent analysis are shown.     

Oriented immobilization of a fully active monolayer of histidine-tagged recombinant laccase on modified gold electrodes

The formation of a dense monolayer of histidine-tagged recombinant laccase on gold electrodes by using a short thiol-NTA linker is described, as well as a kinetic analysis of the process by cyclic voltammetry. From a detailed analysis of the catalytic reduction of dioxygen by laccase in the presence of a one-electron redox mediator it can be concluded that the immobilized enzyme remains as active as in homogeneous solution.     

Multivariate calibration for neutron activation analysis

The application of target factor analysis to the analysis of gamma-ray spectra collected for activation analysis is proposed. Satisfactory analysis of a trial set of samples was carried out using measured spectra as targets. Single-isotope spectra were obtained from mixture spectra by free-floating and performed satisfactorily as target spectra. The factor analysis method requires less resolution than peak-based methods.