Some observations on an indirect atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the microdetermination of chlorine or bromine in organic compounds

An atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the microdetermination of chlorine or bromine in organic compounds is described; it is based on oxygen flask combustion to yield chloride or bromide, which is then reacted with an excess of solid silver chromate, followed by collection of the combined unreacted silver chromate and chloride or bromide preipitate and AAS determination of the free chromate (equivalent of the chloride or bromide originally present) at 358.2 nm. The method was applied satisfactorily to a wide range of chlorine or bromine containing organic compounds with an average absolute error of ± 0.23 and a coefficient of variation (seven determinations) of better than 2%.     

Indirect polarographic microdetermination of sulphur in organic compounds

A polarographic method for the microdetermination of sulphur in organic compounds is described; it is based on oxygen-flask combustion to yield sulphate, which is then reacted with excess of barium dichromate solution in hydrochloric acid, followed by adjustment to pH 12, collection of the combined barium chromate and sulphate precipitate, and polarographic determination of the free chromate (equivalent to the sulphate originally present).     

Rapid polarographic method for the microdetermination of organically- bound phosphorus

An indirect polarographic method for the microdetermination of phosphorus in organophosphorus compounds is described. Alkaline hypobromite is used as oxidizing absorbent. Quinoline phosphomolybdate is precipitated with a measured excess of standard molybdate solution. The unreacted Mo(VI) is determined polarographically. Nitrogen, chlorine, bromine and sulphur do not interfere. One determination takes 40 min. The results obtained fall generally within the acceptable limits of error.     

The polarographic determination of chromium in aluminum alloys

A convenient polarographic method for the determination of 0.1–0.5% of chromium in aluminum alloys is described. The alloy is dissolved in a bromine water-sodium hydroxide mixture; after suitable treatment, chromate is determined polarographically. Specific directions for the simultaneous running of a blank experiment are given ; this provision greatly improves the accuracy of the results obtained.     

Ultramicro determination of organic halogens using sealed tube dry combustion method

A sealed tube dry combustion method that is simple, accurate, and precise for ultramicro determination of halogens in organic compounds has been developed. Samples below 1 mg are heated at 580 °C for 1 h in an electric furnace. After the combustion and absorption of the gaseous halogen, the interior of the tube is rinsed. Subsequent titration is carried out potentiometrically with silver nitrate and yielded standard deviations of 0.21% for chlorine, 0.17% for bromine, and 0.25% for iodine.     

Determination of bromine in organic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography

A method is proposed for the determination of bromine in organic compounds (which may also contain chlorine and iodine) by oxygen-flask combustion of the compound followed by pre-column reaction of bromide with acetanilide and 2-iodosobenzoic acid to form 4-bromoacetanilide which is then chromatographed on an ODS column with a mobile phase of methanol: water, 65:35 v/v, detection at 240 nm, and 4-N-acetylaminotoluene as internal standard. The method is rapid and precise (RSD 相似文献   

Simultaneous microdetermination of carbon,hydrogen, mercury,chlorine, bromine and sulphur in organic compounds

A simple, reliable method for the simultaneous microdetermination of carbon, hydrogen, mercury, chlorine (or bromine) and sulphur in organic compounds is described. The intermediate storage technique is used. Sulphur and the halogens are absorbed on electrolytic silver and determined gravimetrically or titrimetrically. Mercury is absorbed on gold wire, and is weighed as the metal or desorbed and determined by a mercury-8-hydroxy-quinoline method.     

The determination of mercury in organic compounds

The micro oxygen-flask combustion technique in combination with the sodium diethyldithiocarbamate titration is a rapid and useful method for determination of mercury in organic compounds. Chlorine and bromine do not interfere; iodine does. When the organic compound contains both mercury and chlorine, the chloride ions can be titrated argentometrically in the same absorption solution after the titration of mercury.     

气相色谱用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱检测器的Cl,Br,I响应特性的研究

 将微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱检测器(MPT-AED)用作气相色谱检测器,采用氩气作为工作气、载气和尾吹气,优化了气体流量参数;为了防止被测物质在管壁上的沉积,考察了氧气作为气相色谱-微波等离子体炬-原子发射光谱检测器(GC-MPT-AED)清洗气时对Cl,Br,I3种元素发射信号的影响。为了考察检测器的分析性能,研究了GC-MPT-AED对有机化合物中Cl,Br,I3种元素的检出限、线性范围、精密度及其响应特性,并将其结果与气相色谱-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱检测器(GC-ICP-AED)的结果作了比较,结果表明该仪器对Cl,Br的检测能力优于GC-ICP-AED的结果,线性范围与GC-IC     

A novel online approach to the determination of isotopic ratios for organically bound chlorine, bromine and sulphur

A novel approach for the measurement of (37)Cl, (81)Br and (34)S in organic compounds containing chlorine, bromine, and sulphur is presented to overcome some of the major drawbacks of existing methods. Contemporary methods either require reference materials with the exact molecular compositions of the substances to be tested, or necessitate several laborious offline procedures prior to isotope analysis. In our online setup, organic compounds are separated by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a high-temperature reactor. Using hydrogen as a makeup gas, the reactor achieves quantitative conversion of chlorinated, brominated and sulphurated organic compounds into gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen bromide (HBr), and hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S), respectively. In this study, the GC interface was coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in single-ion mode. The ion traces of either H(35)Cl (m/z 36) and H(37)Cl (m/z 38), H(79)Br (m/z 80) and H(81)Br (m/z 82), or H(2)(32)S (m/z 34) and H(2)(34)S (m/z 36), were recorded to determine the isotopic ratios of chlorine, bromine, and sulphur isotopes. The conversion interface presented here provides a basis for a novel method for compound-specific isotope analysis of halogenated and sulphur-containing compounds. Rapid online measurements of organic chlorine-, bromine- and sulphur-containing mixtures will facilitate the isotopic analysis of compounds containing these elements, and broaden their usage in fields of environmental forensics employing isotopic concepts.     

Simultaneous microdetermination of iodine and chlorine or iodine and bromine in organic compounds

Summary A micromethod for simultaneous determination of iodine and chlorine or iodine and bromine in organic compounds is described. After combustion in an oxygen-filled separatory funnel containing acidic sodium nitrite, iodine is produced, separated by carbon tetrachloride and oxidised with bromine water to iodate. After removal of carbon tetrachloride and excess bromine, the iodate is determined iodometrically. The aqueous combustion product is determined mercurimetrically for either chlorine or bromine. The average recoveries are 98.7%, 100.7% and 100.6% with iodine, chlorine and bromine in mixtures of their organically bounded compounds respectively. Microdetermination of iodine in presence of other halogens using sodium nitrite as absorbing agent andLeipert's method is described.

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Zusammenfassung Eine Mikromethode zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von J und Cl oder J und Br in organischen Verbindungen wurde beschrieben. Nach der Verbrennung in einem sauerstoffgefüllten Scheidetrichter in Anwesenheit angesäuerter Natriumnitritlösung wird Jod freigesetzt, mit Tetrachlormethan extrahiert und mit Bromwasser zu Jodat oxydiert. Nach Entfernung des Tetrachlorkohlenstoffs und des Bromüberschusses wird das Jodat jodometrisch titriert. In der wäßrigen Lösung wird mercurimetrisch Chlor bzw. Brom bestimmt. Die durchschnittliche Ausbeute beträgt 98,7, 100,7% und 100,6% für Jod, Chlor bzw. Brom in Gemischen ihrer organischen Verbindungen. Die Mikrobestimmung des Jods in Gegenwart anderer Halogene nach Absorption in Nitritlösung nach der Methode vonLeipert wurde beschrieben.

     

Determination of iodine in organic compounds employing oxygen flask combustion and mercurimetric titration

Iodine in iodine-containing organic compounds is determined by oxygen flask combustion followed by mercurimetric titration. The method is the same as that used in a collaborative study on the determination of bromine and chlorine with the exception that hydrazine is used as the reducing agent instead of alkaline peroxide and the type of buret to be used for the titration is specified. Accuracy and precision are well within the acceptable limits.     

An atmospheric-pressure,argon-afterglow detector for gas chromatography

The development of an atmospheric-pressure argon-afterglow, produced from an ozonizer-type discharge tube, for element-selective, multielement detection in gas chromatography is described. Characteristic atomic emission is observed from chlorine, bromine, iodine, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus in organic compounds, with limits of detection ranging from 0.02 ng for phosphorus to 20 ng for bromine. Element-selective detection for several pesticides is demonstrated.     

Use of neutron activation analysis in determination of total organic chlorine and bromine

Neutron activation analysis is practically the only high-sensitivy element-selective detection method for chlorine, bromine and iodine. This method is just ideal for organic halogen determination after separation of organically bound species from inorganic. In recent years we have analysed organic chlorine and bromine from thousands of different kind of samples with different separation methods. For water samples we have used activated-carbon adsorption and for solid samples mostly propanone or combined alkaline/propanone extraction before activated-carbon adsorption. Inorganic chlorides were removed from the carbon by nitrate wash. The detection limits for total organic chlorine and bromine are 5 and 0.5 g/l for water (sample size 100 ml) and 0.3 and 0.1 g/g dry weight (sample size 1 g) for sediment.     

Ion Chromatographic determination of sulfur and chlorine using milligram and submilligram sample weights

Initial results for Ion Chromatographic analyses of chlorine and sulfur in organic compounds combusted by the Schöniger technique show excellent agreement with analyses using standard methods. Samples weighing less than 1 mg can be analyzed if homogeneity is not a problem. Determination of chlorine in the presence of large amounts of bromine and the analysis of other heteroatoms is also possible by IC. The present limiting factor in the microdetermination of chlorine and sulfur by IC is the presence of these species in the filter paper flag.     

离子色谱在有机物和高分子材料分析中的应用

介绍了用氧瓶燃烧，高温炉分解有机化合物、高分子材料等样品，用去离子水或Na2CO3／NaHCO3溶液吸收分解产物，用离子色谱测定吸收液中F^-、C1^-、Br^-、SO4^2-、PO4^3-，计算出样品中氟、氯、溴、硫、磷等元素含量的方法。     

Spektrometrische Chlorbestimmimg unter Anwendung eines modifizierten Beilsteintests

Summary Chlorinated organic compounds react with the brass-nozzle of the dc-plasma jet. The products generated (of the type CuCl _x ) cause an emission signal for copper equivalent to the content of chlorine. An analogous signal can be observed for organic substances containing bromine or iodine; a signal does not appear for fluorinated substances. This modified Beilstein principle may be used for the determination of small amounts of chlorinated organic substances by optical emission spectrometry after pre-separation by gas-chromatography.     

Multivariate data analysis of some Finnish water courses

Summary The following parameters were analyzed 2 to 4 times a year from 37 sampling sites; T, O₂, O₂%, Turbidity, Suspended solids, Conductivity, Alkalinity, pH, Color, COD_Mn, Total nitrogen, Total phosphorus, Cl, Fe, Mn, Total sulphur, K, Na, Ca, Mg, SiO₂, Total organic chlorine and Total organic bromine. Samples were taken from waters loaded by chemical pulp mills, other industries, municipal waste waters and agriculture. Also waters under natural conditions were included. Water samples have been collected and analyzed in co-operation with the National Board of Waters and the Environment. The data set was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine correlations between variables, especially between Total organic chlorine and Total organic bromine and others. Typically Total organic chlorine and Total organic bromine correlated with Na, Cl and Total sulphur. It is interesting to note that Total organic chlorine and Total organic bromine did not follow each other in all components. Total organic chlorine was predicted using other variables and Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. Very satisfactory correlation was obtained between analyzed and predicted lgTOCl values. Optimally three different object classes were found from the whole data using fuzzy clustering analysis. One class represents waters in a natural condition, one water loaded mainly by agriculture and one represent the rest of the waters.     

Determination of the total amount of organically bound chlorine,bromine and iodine in environmental samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis

The determination of chlorine, bromine and iodine present as non-polar, hydrophobic hydrocarbons in environmental samples is reported. The organohalogen compounds are separated from water into an organic phase by on-site liquid—liquid extraction, and from biological material by procedures based on lipid phase extraction and codistillation. After removal of inorganic halides by washing with water and concentration of the sample by evaporation of the solvent, the resulting extracts are analyzed for their chlorine, bromine and iodine contents by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Strict attention is paid to the possibility of contamination in every step of the procedure. Background values in routine analysis are approximately 100–200 ng of chlorine, <5 ng of bromine and <3 ng of iodine.     

Absorption properties of körbl-catalyst and manganese dioxide

Summary Körbl-catalyst and manganese dioxide absorb chlorine and bromine quantitatively at room temperature. This property is applied to simultaneous microanalytical determination of carbon, hydrogen and chlorine or bromine in compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine or bromine, but not nitrogen or sulphur.

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Zusammenfassung Der Körbl-Katalysator und Mangandioxid absorbieren Chlor und Brom bei Raumtemperatur quantitativ. Sie wurden daher zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von C, H sowie Cl oder Br in Verbindungen verwendet, die C, H, O, Cl (oder Br), nicht aber N oder S enthalten.