Mechanical Analysis and Strength Checking of Current Collector Failure in the Winding Process of Lithium-Ion Batteries

The current collector fracture failure of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)occurs during its winding production process frequently,and the consequent damages are usua...     

State-of-Charge and Deformation-Rate Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Electrochemical Cells

The state-of-charge and deformation-rate dependent mechanical behavior of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells was investigated. The research revealed that both state of charge and deformation rates affected the stiffness of the battery cells. Battery mechanical failure load was only weakly dependent on the state of charge. For the deformation-rate dependency on the mechanical integrity of battery cells, the battery mechanical failure load was either decreased significantly at high state of charge or decreased slightly at low state of charge as deformation rate increased. For the correlation between mechanical integrity and electrical failure, the displacement at the battery mechanical failure load coincided with a voltage drop. However, at high state of charge, premature and incomplete voltage drops were observed before the definite final voltage drop. No such premature voltage drop was observed in low state-of-charge specimens. The results of this research may be used as a reference for the design of impact and damage tolerant electric vehicle battery systems.     

Dissolution and Seepage Coupling Effect on Transport and Mechanical Properties of Glauberite Salt Rock

Potential high rates of aqueous dissolution are characteristic of salt rocks, and solute and mass flux through a soluble porous medium are functions of solute concentration gradients and pressure gradients. Due to different dissolution properties for different mineral components in glauberite salt rock, an interaction between mineral dissolution and solvent seepage arises, driven by the hydraulic pressure gradient in the rock. The originally almost impermeable glauberite rock becomes an increasingly permeable porous medium with dissolution, changing the transport and mechanical properties because of the progressive removal of solid sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), one of the constitutive components of glauberite salt rock. Glauberite is often found in bedded salt rock deposits, and the mineral glauberite has economic value and has been mined for many years in China. More economic and safe technologies, such as controlled solution mining, are inherently attractive. Thus, investigations into relevant physical and mechanical properties of glauberite in the context of solution mining have value, and to clarify glauberite behaviour, a series of experiments were performed. It is observed through experiments that the permeability of the rock mass during dissolution of glauberite is a function of the dissolution duration and the hydraulic pressure gradient applied to the system. For example, in laboratory tests, after 49, 53 and 70 h of dissolution, the relationships between permeability (k—cm²) and pressure gradient (Δp—MPa across the specimen of length 100 mm) of the glauberite specimens were observed to be k = 0.24 for a Δp of 0.10, k = 0.30 for a Δp of 0.12, and k = 0.41 for a Δp of 0.18, with the empirical functional relationship becoming gradually steeper with pressure. Also, the triaxial compression (mechanical) characteristics of glauberite salt rock change substantially after a period of dissolution: the compressive strength under a confining stress of σ₃ = 2.0 MPa changes initially from 46 to 11 MPa after 70 h of dissolution and seepage. Along with strength degradation, the Young’s modulus (stiffness) changed from 4.6 to 0.5 GPa. Evidently, coupled dissolution and seepage rate greatly impact both transport and mechanical properties of the rock as fabric evolves in a time-dependent manner.     

Characterization of the Constitutive Behavior of a Cathode Active Layer in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Bending Test Method

Experimental Mechanics - Presently used experimental techniques for the characterization of tensile and compressive behavior of active layers in lithium-ion batteries have limitations of different...     

一种新的振动叠加气动耦合加载技术

飞机机动飞行时,机体结构受到随机振动叠加气动的耦合载荷作用,有可能迅速产生破坏。为了考核在这种振动环境下飞机的结构强度及使用寿命能否达到设计要求,需要提供有效的地面试验验证手段和可靠的试验数据。本文研究了一种振动叠加气动的耦合载荷加载技术,通过液压球头传递振动载荷,同时通过气囊施加气动载荷,并设计进行了原理性验证试验。试验结果表明,这种耦合载荷加载技术可以避免过多改变试件自身的振动特性,同时可精确实现振动叠加气动的耦合载荷加载,真实模拟试验件的振动工作环境。此项技术可应用于现代战机的地面结构强度研究。     

热冲击下机械结构非线性热力耦合模型的建立

在热弹性耦合理论的基础上，考虑热冲击作用下弹塑性变形功的影响，建立了非线性热力耦合有限元模型。其中包括：基于能量守恒原理建立的非线性瞬态温度场模型；考虑几何非线性及材料非线性的位移场模型；求得改进应力场的最小二乘法模型。基于FEPG软件平台进行了实例求解，计算结果表明了此耦合模型的有效性。此模型的建立，拓展了热力耦合理论的应用范围，具有较高的工程实用价值。     

金属丝网——油液介质耦合减振器抗冲击动态力学特性研究

基于金属丝网－油液介质耦合减振器原理样机的抗冲击动态力学特性进行研究，样机的多参数匹配冲击试验研究表明该减振器具有强非线性动态特征，并能实现抗大冲击；在此基础上结合流体理论和库伦摩擦理论建立了原理样机非线性冲击动态特性模型，研究减振器抗冲击力学特性的设计可控性，该建模方法直接引入结构参数，为直接设计具体的器件建立了理论基础。     

中心刚体-柔性梁系统的耦合变形影响

本文对作大范围运动的中心刚体-柔性梁系统的耦合变形的影响进行研究.给出一种新的描述柔性梁耦合变形的有限元插值方法,该方法采用笛卡尔变形坐标对横向变形和纵向变形之间的耦合项进行描述,该耦合变形项只与本单元的节点变形坐标相关.分别讨论了耦合变形项对惯性力与弹性力的贡献,分析了它们对刚-柔耦合动力学行为的影响.通过研究指出当采用笛卡尔变形坐标描述时,如果在计算弹性力的时候考虑了耦合变形影响,无论在计算惯性力时是否考虑耦合变形影响,都可以得到稳定收敛的结果.反之,如果在计算弹性力时忽略了耦合变形影响,无论在计算惯性力时是否考虑耦合变形影响,当大范围运动的速度较高时,将会得到错误的发散的结果.因此,通过忽略耦合变形对质量分布的影响,只保留耦合变形对弹性力的影响,可实现对动力学方程的简化.     

弯扭耦合振动对次同步谐振响应的影响

建立了考虑弯扭耦合作用时 ,大型气轮发电机组转子轴系与电网耦合次同步谐振 ( SSR)的 1 9维非线性模型。运用数值方法 ,确定系统平衡位置稳定性的转变点 ,着重分析了在不同偏心条件下 ,弯曲振动与扭转振动之间的相互影响 ,同时给出了轴系弯曲刚度对系统稳定性的影响 ,证明在正常情况下 ,由偏心引起的弯扭耦合作用是非常弱的 ,可以不予考虑     

The Effect of Hydration on the Mechanical Behaviour of Hair

Human hair is a biological material constantly exposed to different external factors,such as humidity, sunrays, temperature, chemical treatments, etc. All these treatments influence and modify its physical behaviour. Studying the biophysical properties of human hair is very important in both dermatology to provide useful markers for the diagnosis of hair disorders and in cosmetics to develop better hair-care products. Water is one of the external factors whose action on the mechanical behaviour of hair is the most visible. To understand the role of water in the biophysical behaviour of hair, it is essential to study its influence on alpha-keratin, which composes the major part of the structure of hair. The influence of water on the biomechanical behaviour of hair has been studied using relaxation tests. The generalised Maxwell model was used to analyse rheological results. The results indicate a modification of the rheological behaviour of hair before and after immersion in water and during ambient air-drying. Finally, a correlation between the rheological results and the chemical bond structure of hair is discussed.     

核主泵用流体动压型机械密封耦合模型与性能分析

以某型核主泵用流体动压型机械密封为对象,考虑密封环组件的接触和密封端面的流固耦合作用,建立了密封组件三维多场耦合模型,结合有限差分法和有限单元法,采用数值迭代技术进行了耦合场的计算.研究了高压下密封端面变形的特点和规律,分析了密封压力对密封性能的影响作用.结果表明:密封环端面产生径向收敛锥度和周向波度,高压侧密封深槽对密封端面周向波度的生成起重要作用,密封端面锥度的形成与密封环宏观结构密切相关.随密封压力的增大,密封端面收敛锥度和波度均增大,密封泄漏率增加,而端面摩擦系数减小.为在高压下形成较大的波度,建议将动压深槽加工在软质密封环端面上.     

机械密封在干摩擦状态下的摩擦界面热力耦合分析

依据W-M分形函数建立了接触式机械密封摩擦副三维瞬态滑动接触模型,考虑了接触微凸体之间相互机械作用和摩擦的热力耦合,基于ABAQUS分析平台,首次提出了能够模拟机械密封摩擦副回转运动的计算模型,仿真分析了机械密封摩擦副在干运转条件下的摩擦特性. 研究结果表明:接触面温度分布不均匀,局部温度很高,在接触微凸体中心区域出现极值;在滑动后很短时间内温度急剧上升,随着滑动进行,接触节点温度继续升高,但是温升速率减缓;粗糙体轴向温度梯度较大,其亚表层区域存在较大的热应力,易发生热损伤失效;在接触微凸体轴向距表层较近的局部区域存在拉应力,滑动行为会使微凸体内部拉应力区域扩大,拉应力的数值也增大. 微凸体接触区轴向上的应力状态是变化的,依次为压应力-拉应力-压应力.      

Effect of Sample Pre-Contact on the Experimental Evaluation of Cartilage Mechanical Properties

Mechanical characterization of articular cartilage has been widely analyzed in the literature, both experimentally and numerically, since load support (strength) and deformability (compliance) are among the most important physiological functions of this living tissue. They are also important indicators of cartilage degradation and regeneration. Cartilage elastic properties (Young’s Modulus, Aggregate Modulus and Poisson ratio) are usually determined experimentally by uniaxial confined and unconfined compression tests. Relevant differences can be found in the literature for these variables even when similar experimental protocols are used. Before starting the actual compression test, a pre-contact protocol has to be carried out in order to obtain optimum contact between the test tool and the cartilage sample. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of sample pre-contact on the test results comparing three different protocols available in the literature (predeformation of 4 and 10 % of the total thickness of the sample and a preload equivalent to 12.5 KPa). The implementation of these protocols achieved contact, but only the predeformation allowed normalized experiments and ensured repeatability of the tests. Additionally, under the predeformation protocols, the results and trends for uniaxial compression tests were consistent with the cartilage physiological function. However, for 10 % predeformation, the experimental data showed maximum dispersion at the final stress levels. The statistical treatment determined significant differences between the 10 % predeformation and the preload results (Aggregate Modulus and Poisson ratio), defining them as non comparable protocols. Finally, a new pre-contact protocol is proposed introducing an initial approximation point between the test tool and the cartilage sample, and followed by a predeformation of 4 % for confined and unconfined tests.     

Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Mechanical Behavior of Rubber Materials*

International Applied Mechanics - The influence of ionizing radiation on the mechanical behavior of rubber-like materials is studied using the theory of viscoelasticity with Volterra’s...     

外支架对移植静脉力学特性的影响

自体静脉移植是动脉粥样硬化等血管阻塞疾病的主要治疗手段之一,但移植静脉重建引起的再狭窄严重影响通畅率。研究表明,静脉和动脉之间几何尺寸与力学性质的不同以及力学环境的差异是吻合口再狭窄的主要原因。在动脉环境下,静脉桥路被严重扩张,桥路的内半径要比宿主动脉的大很多,这不仅大大提高了桥路管壁中的应力水平,而且也促使吻合口附近涡流的形成。管壁中增高的周向应力和由于涡流引起的紊乱的切应力是静脉桥路再狭窄的主要原因。为了提高静脉桥路的通畅率,外支架的技术日益引起人们的重视。外支架除了可以加强静脉桥路壁强度,降低管壁中的周向应力外,还可以消除吻合口附近的涡流,从而起到保护作用。本文将综述外支架保护静脉桥路的研究历史以及目前现状。     

超声波对金属材料性能影响实验研究

通过对紫铜和低碳钢在超声波作用下材料特性的实验研究，探讨此类材料的一些特殊表现诸如屈服点降低，硬化率降低和延伸率降低等．建立了一套超声波材料拉伸实验系统，给出材料特性变化的实验数据并对这些特殊现象的形成机理进行初步探讨．给出了韧性金属材料在超声波作用下的本构方程，并与实验结果相比较，结果表明理论分析与实验结果一致     

结晶特性与制造工艺对炸药件力学性能的影响

通过对塑料粘结炸药(PBX)在压制、热老化及贮存中炸药HMX、TATB和粘结剂F的性能变化规律的研究,揭示了加工和贮存条件对炸药件的力学性能的影响。得出如下结论:1)随着老化温度的提高,粘结剂F结晶度增加。TATB基PBX炸药经老化后力学性能没有明显变化,说明粘结剂结晶度和炸药颗粒度的变化对炸药总体性能影响不大。2)钢模压制的TATB基PBX药柱在经历多次温度循环后,TATB与粘结剂F界面的作用有所减弱,药柱内部产生由脱粘引起的缺陷,其力学强度下降。TATB基PBX药柱的力学强度与模量均随着环境温度的升高而呈下降趋势,而等静压成型能明显改善TATB基PBX的力学性能。     

铜和石墨对铁基含油自润滑复合材料机械及摩擦学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了铁基含油自润滑复合材料,考察了Cu与石墨的含量对铁基含油自润滑复合材料的机模样性能、摩擦学性能及组织结构的影响,并利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及光学显微镜等对材料的组分、显微组织形态和结构以及磨损表面形貌等进行了系统的观察和分析,结果表明：添加适量Cu的Fe-Cu二元系材料的机械性能和摩擦学性能明显优于Fe系材料,这主要是因为Cu的加入改变了材料的微观结构。添加适量石墨的Fe-Cu-石墨三元系材料比Fe-Cu二元系材料具有更优异的摩擦学性能,但机械性能有所下降,这主要是由于石墨与油的协同润滑效应和石墨的加入改变了材料的微观结构所致。     

耦合阻尼对非保守耦合振子能量分布与功率流的影响

作为非保守耦合系统统计能量分析的基础,本文研究了耦合阻尼对非保守耦合系统能量分布与功率流的影响.在给出各项有关的损耗因子和耦合损耗因子的定义后,本文从理论上推导了非保守耦合振子间各项功率流与振子平均振动能量之间关系的理论表达式,以及功率平衡方程式和振子能量比的表达式.理论分析和数值计算的结果表明,非保守耦合振子之间的原始功率流和附加功率流以及总功率流不仅取决于两振子的平均振动能量之差,而且取决于振子的平均振动能量之和,总功率流的方向即与两振子能量相对大小有关,也与耦合性质有关;小耦合阻尼是非保守耦合的特例,由此特例不足以得到非保守耦合情况的一般特点。