Carbazoledioxazines having long alkyl groups 1. Synthesis of carbazoledioxazines with linear type structure

Carbazoledioxazines with linear type structure (5,15-dialkyl-8,18-dichloro-5,15-dihydrodiindolo[3,2-b:-3′,2′-m]triphenodioxazine) were selectively synthesized by demethanolation ring closure of 2,5-bis(2-methoxy-9-alkyl-3-carbazolylamino)-3,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone in a high boiling solvent. The structure has been confirmed by ¹H-nmr and X-ray crystallography.     

Carbazoledioxazines having long alkyl groups. 3. Syntheses and properties of halogen free carbazoledioxazines

Long chain derivatives of halogen free carbazoledioxazine which is a typical organic pigment with a linear type structure (5,15-dialkyl-5,15-dihydrodiindolo[3,2-b:3′,2′-m]triphenodioxazines) and an angular type structure (5,15-dialkyl-7,17-dialkoxy-5,15-dihydrodiindolo[2,3-c:2′,3′-n]triphenodioxazines) were newly synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H-nmr, ms and elemental analysis. The thermal, spectroscopical and electrochemical properties were investigated by means of DSC, uv-vis and cyclic voltammetry.     

Synthesis of polyphenylenes through bergman cyclization of enediynes with long chain alkyl groups

Several new enediynes with long chain alkyl groups were synthesized through Sonogashira coupling reactions between long chain alkynes and(Z)-1,2-dichloroethene. These enediynes(1) were then subjected to thermal Bergman cyclization in a refluxing diphenyl ether bath under vacuum to obtain conjugated polyphenylenes with the weight-average molecular weights up to 4.9 × 103 g·mol·1. The occurrence of Bergman cyclization was confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR spectroscopic analysis. These polyphenylenes are fully soluble in common organic solvents and exhibit good thermal stability. The optical properties of the polyphenylenes were investigated by UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopies. A blue emission was observed for all these polyphenylenes.     

Block copolymers of styrene and n‐alkyl methacrylates with long alkyl groups. Micellization behavior in selective solvents

The micellization properties of well‐defined block copolymers of styrene and decyl methacrylate (SDMA) were studied in two different solvents, methyl acetate (MAc) selective for the polystyrene (PS) block and dodecane, selective for the poly(decyl methacrylate) (PDMA) block. The results were compared with those obtained, in the same solvents, from block copolymers of styrene and stearyl methacrylate (SSMA). In MAc, SDMA copolymers with a decyl methacrylate (DMA) content of 15% or less formed unimolecular micelles, whereas those with a content of 18.5% or higher formed multimolecular micelles. The degrees of association were lower than the corresponding SSMA samples. In dodecane, SDMA form large, monodisperse, spherical, and thermally stable micelles with degrees of association higher than the corresponding SSMA samples. The different behaviors can be attributed to the steric hindrance effect and the ability of the long alkyl groups of the polymethacrylate, MA blocks to crystallize. When the MA blocks are in the soluble corona of the micelles, the steric hindrance effect prevails, thus leading to higher degrees of association for the less bulky alkyl group. In the case where the MA block is in the insoluble core of the micelles, the higher the tendency for crystallization the higher the degree of association. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4177–4188, 2004     

Synthesis and structure of alkyl 2-arylsulfanyl-3-nitroacrylates

Alkyl 2-arylsulfanyl-3-nitroacrylates were synthesized by the conjugate Michael addition of thiophenols to alkyl 3-bromo-3-nitroacrylates followed by elimination of HBr on treatment with Et₃N. When treated with 4-chlorothiophenol in the presence of Et₃N, alkyl 2-[(4-chlorophenyl) sulfanyl]-3-nitroacrylates can be transformed into alkyl 2,3-bis[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfanyl]- acrylates. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, UV, ¹H and ¹³C{¹H} NMR spectroscopy using ¹H–¹³C HMQC, ¹H–¹³C, and ¹H–¹⁵N HMBC techniques. Methyl 2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]-3-nitroacrylate exists as the Z-isomer, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction.     

Preparation and properties of surface-active organocobalt complexes having long-chain alkyl groups

New types of surface-active organocobaltocenium(I) complexes, η-C_nH_2n+1X-C₅H₄(ηC₅H₅)₂Co⁺Y^? and(η-C_nH_2n+1X-C₅H₄)Co⁺Y^? (n = 6–16; X not present, NHCO or OCO; Y = Cl or PF₆) were prepared and their surface character studied. (1) The critical micelle concentrations of the cobaltocenium chlorides were much lower than those of corresponding trimethylammonium-type cationic surfactants. (2) The surface-active character of the cobaltocenium chlorides in aqueous solution (and the redox potentials of the hexafluorophosphates in acetonitrile) were affected by the substituents (X) in the cyclopentadienyl groups. (3) The surface activities of the cobaltocenium salts were lost on reduction with NaBH₄ to afford (alkyl-substituted cyclopentadiene) cyclopentadienylcobalt (0) complexes which were surface-inactive but could be re-oxidized to afford the surface-active cobaltoceium(I) salts. The cobalt complexes mentioned above may be the first examples of redoxresponsive surfactants.     

Preparation and properties of aminoxyl radicals having an aromatic core with long alkyl substituents

Series of monoradicals and biradicals having an aromatic core on one hand and long alkyl groups on the other hand have been prepared. It was found from their magnetic data that the biradical compounds having aromatic cores (azoxy, or azo) and long alkyl groups with TEMPO radicals at their ends showed fairly large antiferromagnetic interactions (J = −34, −39 K) being well expressed by ST model, while only weak antiferromagnetic interactions were observed in the corresponding PROXYL derivatives together with the corresponding monoradicals. The change of intermolecular magnetic interactions based on the structural change from trans- to cis-isomer by irradiation was found to be possible in a couple of azobenzene derivatives with an aminoxyl radical.     

Synthesis and polymerization of long alkyl acetylenic compounds

A variety of long alkyl acetylenic compounds was synthesized and polymerized by using Rh(I) catalysts. Particularly, the monomer having a terminal hydroxyl group was converted into the high molecular weight of polymer in good conversion, which was soluble in THF, DMSO, and DMF. The high stereoregularity (cis) in the main chain was confirmed by ¹H‐NMR in DMSO‐d₆ and the rod‐like structure by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3419–3427, 2000     

Synthesis of thermoplastic curdlan alkyl carbamates having hydrogen bonding ability

Rigid and little moldable curdlan, a linear β-1,3-glucan having intra- and interchain hydrogen bonds, was reacted with several alkyl isocyanates, which gave thermoplastic curdlan alkyl carbamates (CrdC) with degree of substitution about 2. The alkyl carbamation at hydroxy groups in the glucan skeleton effectively broke the interchain hydrogen bonds of curdlan and increased flexibility of CrdC, while the newly formed carbamate moieties could moderately keep the hydrogen bonding ability in CrdC. Elongating the alkyl groups in the carbamate side chains increased solubility in organic solvents and thermoplasticity of CrdC, which enabled to make homogeneous and free-standing films by both methods of solution-casting and hot-pressing.     

Synthesis of silsesquioxanes having photochromic diarylethene pendant groups

Silsesquioxanes having 1-(2-methylbenzo[b]thien-3-yl)-2-[5-(4-butylphenyl)-2,4-dimethylthien-3-yl]perfluorocyclopentenes as the pendant groups were synthesized. Photochemical conversion from the open-ring to the closed-ring form of diarylethenes chemically bonded to polymers was by 15–25% lower than the conversion of the chromophores dispersed in the same matrix. No appreciable difference in the photoconversion of the fixed chromophores was observed below and above the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the polymer films.     

Synthesis of alkyl 2-phenylnicotinates

Various alkyl 6-ethoxy-2-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate 2A are easily converted to the corresponding nicotinates 3 by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in refluxing absolute ethanol.     

Synthesis of poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) having organostannyl groups

Poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) (PSQ) having tributylstannyl groups (TBPSQ) was prepared from phenyltrimethoxysilane and bis(tributyltin) oxide [(Bu₃Sn)₂O] under basic conditions. The procedure, using a catalytic amount of basic reagent such as triethylamine, sodium hydroxide, or aqueous ammonia, afforded yields of TBPSQ based on Si in the range of 12–45% at a number‐average molecular weight precipitated from ethanol of about 3500. In the other procedure, starting from PSQ with (Bu₃Sn)₂O, the incorporation of tributylstannyl groups into PSQ proceeded effectively in the presence of an acid catalyst such as methanesulfonic acid or sulfuric acid, giving TBPSQ in moderate yields of greater than 52%. Dibutyltin oxide, a bifunctional organotin compound, was also used, affording dibutylstannylated poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) (DBPSQ) without crosslinking. The highest ratio of Si and Sn contained in TBPSQ or DBPSQ, prepared under acidic conditions, was Si/Sn = 7/1. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2125–2133, 2001     

Synthesis and utility of 3-silylthiophenes having perfluoroalkyl groups

The synthesis of a novel class of 3-silyl substituted thiophenes possessing perfluoroalkyl groups on the silicon atom was investigated. The treatment of 3-bromothiophene with n-butyllithium followed by the reaction with halosilanes proceeded to afford the corresponding 3-silyl substituted thiophenes 1 in good yields. The chemical polymerization of the resulting 1 did not work well. However, the electropolymerization of 3-silylthiophenes 1a and 1b provided the corresponding polymers 5a and 5b with head-to-tail regioregularity. The cyclic voltammogram of the resulting polymers 5a and 5b indicated both n- and p-doping properties.     

Synthesis and properties of symm-triazines. 3. Reactions of 2-alkyl-4,6-bistrichloromethyl-symm-triazines containing higher alkyl groups with ammonia and aliphatic amines

The reaction of 2-alkyl-4,6-bistrichloromethyl-symm-triazines containing higher alkyl groups with ammonia or aliphatic amines results, depending on the reaction conditions, in the replacement of one or both trichloromethyl groups. On heating these symm-triazines with aqueous ammonia or dimethylamine, 2-oxo-4-amino-6-alkyl-1(3)H-symm-triazines are obtained.For communication 2, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1557–1563, November, 1985.     

Preparation and properties of octaalkylphthalocyanines having long alkyl side chains of odd numbers of carbons

2,3,9,10,16,17,23,23-Octaalkylphthalocyanines and their copper complexes having long alkyl side chains of odd numbers of carbons (C₇H₁₂, C₉H₁₉, C₁₁H₂₃ and C₁₃H₂₇) were prepared. Their thermal properties and solubilities were examined.     

Synthesis of long alkyl chain mono-and di-N-substituted 4-amino-N-methylphthalimides. Comparison of N-alkylation methods

Summary 4-Amino-N-methylphthalimide,1, was N-alkylated with the respectiven-alkyl sulfonates and halides. In the former case, the di-derivative4 was favored, while in the latter case, under phase transfer catalysis, the mono-derivative3 was predominant.

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Synthese langkettig mono- und di-N-substituierter 4-Amino-N-methylphthalimide. Ein Vergleich von N-Alkylierungsmethoden

Zusammenfassung 4-Amino-N-methylphthalimide (1) wurden mit den entsprechendenn-Alkylsulfonaten und -halogeniden N-alkyliert. Im ersten Fall wurden die Di-Derivate4 bevorzugt gebildet, im zweiten Fall waren unter Phasentransferkatalyse die Mono-Produkte3 vorherrschend.

     

Synthesis of photoreactive polyimide having indan structure

Polyimide containing an indan unit and alkyl moiety with a high molecular weight was prepared from 5,7‐diamino‐1,1,4,6‐tetramethylindan and 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. This polyimide was amorphous and soluble in common organic solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and cyclopentanone. Thermogravimetry of the polyimide showed good thermal stability, indicating that a 10% weight loss of the polyimide was observed at 500 °C in nitrogen. The glass‐transition temperature of the polyimide was not observed by DSC measurement between room temperature and 400 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min (Apparatus: DSC3100 MAC Science Co., Ltd.). Transparency of the polyimide at 365 nm was 80%. The polyimide acted as a photosensitive resist of negative type by UV radiation. The resist had a sensitivity of 31 mJ/cm² and a contrast of 2.3 when it was developed with cyclopentanone at room temperature. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 423–428, 2002     

Synthesis of fluorine-containing alkyl 2-cyano-3-oxocarboxylates. Reactions with nucleophiles

Fluorine-containing alkyl 2-cyano-3-oxocarboxylates were synthesized for the first time by the reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate with fluorine-substituted carboxylic acid halides or alkyl carboxylates. The reactions with hydrazine hydrate, phenylhydrazine, ando-phenylenediamine give hydrazinium (ammonium) enolates or products of acid decomposition. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1961–1965, October, 1999.