Herstellung und 29Si-NMR-Untersuchung von Polymeren mit definierten Kieselsäurebaueinheiten

Preparation and ²⁹Si NMR Spectroscopic Investigation of Polymers with Definite Silicic Acid Units Three polymers were synthesized by additive reaction of the cage-like double fourring (D4R) silicic acid derivatives [(CH₃)₂HSi]₈Si₈O₂₀ and [CH₂?CH(CH₃)₂Si]₈Si₈O₂₀ resp., with the unsaturated diviyltetramethyldisiloxane or the multiple functional tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane and polymethylhydrogensiloxane in a molar ratio of functional groups 1:1. By means of ²⁹Si solid state NMR spectroscopy was shown that the in organic solvents insoluble polymers are built up by D4R silicic acid units, which are connected by chain-like or cyclic siloxane bridges. With increasing functional groups of the reactants the sterical hindrance of the reaction of D4R derivates grows. The polymers show small surfaces of 1 to 8 m²/g.     

Synthese,Aufbau und Eigenschaften Käfigartiger vinyl- und allylsilylierter Kieselsäuren

Synthesis, Constitution and Properties of Cage-like Vinyl- and Allylsilylated Silicic Acids By silyation of tetramethylammonium silicate [N(CH₃)₄]₈Si₈O₂₀ · 69 H₂O with vinyldimethylchlorosilane ( I ) and divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, respectively, or allyldimethylchlorosilane there were synthesized the crystalline silicic esters [CH₂?CH(CH₃)₂Si]₈Si₈O₂₀ and[CH₂?CH? CH₂(CH₃)₂Si]₈Si₈O₂₀. By means of gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, ¹H and ²⁹Si NMR the two compounds were identified to be cage-like double four-ring(D4R)-silicic esters containing eight vinyldimethylsilyl- or allyldimethylsilyl groups, Silylation with a mixture of I and trimethylchlorosilane yields in dependence on the ratio of silanes vinyldimethylsilyltrimethylsilyl D4R silicic esters with average numbers of unsaturated groups < 8.     

Synthese und NMR-Spektren von λ5-Diphospheten Die Struktur des 2,4-Diphenyl-1,1,3,3-tetrakis(diethylamino)-1λ5,3λ5-diphosphets

Synthesis and NMR Spectra of λ⁵-Diphosphets. Structure of 2,4-Diphenyl-1,1,3,3-tetrakis (diethylamino)-1λ⁵, 3λ⁵-diphosphete Preparation, properties, and n.m.r. spectra of C₂H₅PF₂[N(C₂H₅)₂]₂, CH₂?PF[N(C₂H₅)₂]₂, and the diphosphetes {RC?P[N(C₂H₅)₂]₂}₂ (R) ? H ( 5a ), CH₃ [( 5b )] are described. The λ⁵-diphosphete {HC?P(NR₂)₂}₂ (R ? CH₃) reacts with BF₃ · O(C₂H₅)₂ to give which is transformed into by n-C₄H₉Li. The crystal and molecular structure of 2,4-diphenyl-1,3,3-tetrakis(diethylamino)-1λ⁵,3λ⁵-diphosphete 2 are reported and discussed.     

Iodostannate(II) mit kettenförmigen [SnI3]–‐Anionen – der Übergang von fünffach zu sechsfach koordinierten SnII‐Zentralatomen

Iodostannates(II) with Anionic [SnI₃]^– Chains – the Transition from Five to Six‐coordinated Sn^II The iodostannates (Me₄N) [SnI₃] ( 1 ), [Et₃N–(CH₂)₄–NEt₃] [SnI₃]₂ ( 2 ), [EtMe₂N–(CH₂)₂–NEtMe₂] [SnI₃]₂ ( 3 ), [Me₂HN–(CH₂)₂–NH–(CH₂)₂–NMe₂H] [SnI₃]₂ ( 4 ), [Et₃N–(CH₂)₆–NEt₃] [SnI₃]₂ ( 5 ) and [Pr₃N–(CH₂)₄–NPr₃]‐ [SnI₃]₂ · 2 DMF ( 6 ) with the same composition of the anionic [SnI₃]^– chains show differences in the coordination of the Sn^II central atoms. Whereas the Sn atoms in 1 and 2 are coordinated in an approximately regular octahedral fashion, in compounds 3 – 6 the continuous transition to coordination number five in (Pr₄N) [SnI₃] ( 7 ) or [Fe(dmf)₆] [SnI₃]₂ ( 8 ) can be observed. Together with the shortening of two or three Sn–I bonds, the bonds in trans position are elongated. Thus weak, long‐range Sn…I interactions complete the distorted octahedral environment of SnI₄ groups in 3 and 4 and SnI₃ groups in 5 and 6 . Obviously the shape, size and charge of the counterions and the related cation‐anion interactions are responsible for the variants in structure and distortion.     

The potential energy surface for the [C2H2O]+˙ system: The ketene radical cation [CH2CO]+˙ and its isomers

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations with large, polarization basis sets and incorporating valence electron correlation have been employed to examine the [C₂H₂O]^+˙ potential energy surface. Four [C₂H₂O]^+˙ isomers have been identified as potentially stable, observable ions. These are the experimentally well-known ketene radical cation, [CH₂?C?O]^+˙ (a), and the presently unknown ethynol radical cation, [CH₂?C? OH]^+˙ (b), the oxirene radical cation (c) and an ion resembling a complex of CO with [CH₂]^+˙, (d). The calculated energies of b, c and d relative to a are 189, 257 and 259 kJ mol^?1, respectively. Dissociation of ions a and d is found to occur without reverse activation energy.     

Chalkogenid-Disilicate der Lanthanoide vom Typ M4X3[Si2O7] (M  Ce?Er; X  S,Se)

M₄X₃[Si₂O₇]-Type Lanthanide Chalcogenide Disilicates (M ? Ce? Er; X ? S, Se) Attempts to produce single crystals of MSe₂ (or MSe^2?X) by vapour phase transport with iodine or the oxidation of MCl₂ (or MClH) with sulfur in the presence of NaCl in sealed evacuated quartz containers often yielded well-grown single crystals with the composition M₄X₃[Si₂O₇] (M ? pr, Sm, Gd, X ? Se, and M ? Nd, Er, X ? S) as by-products. The crystal structures (tetragonal, 14₁/amd (no. 141)), Z = 8, contain two crystallographically independent M₃₊ Cations that are interconnected by chalcogenide (X_2?) and disilicate anions ([Si₂O₇]^6?). (M1)³⁺ is surrounded by eight (five X^2? and three terminal O_2? of the disilicate group), (M2)³⁺ by nine (three X^2? and six terminal O^2? of the [Si₂O₇]_6? anion) chalcogenide anions. The disilicate anion itself exhibits the eclipsed conformation with non-linear Si? O? Si bridges (angles: 128 – 133°).     

Synthese „anorganischer”︁ Tintenfisch-Moleküle

Inorganic Pode-Type Molecules The reaction of monosubstituated polyethylenglykoles [m = 0—4, R = Cl, OCH₃, OAs(CH₃)₂, OSi(CH₃)₃] with amino compounds (CH₃)_xE[N(CH₃)₂]_y(E = Si, x = y = 2; E = Si, x = 1, y = 3; E = P, x = 0, y = 3; E = As, y = 0, y = 3) results in the formation of pode-type molecules of the formula . The synthesis and rearrangement of these compounds by heating is described.     

Silaheterocyklen. III. Erzeugung und Reaktivität von Di-tbutyl-Neopentylsilaethen,BuSiCHCH2But

Silaheterocycles. III. Synthesis and Reactivity of Di-^tbutylneopentylsilaethene, Bu Si?CHCH₂Bu^t The three di-^tbutylvinylsilanes BuSi(X)CH?CH₂ (X = H 5 , X = F 9 , X = Cl 22 ) are prepared by the reaction of their SiCl precursors with vinyl lithium. In the treatment with LiBu^t the first step is the generation of the α-lithio compound BuSi(X)CH(Li)CH₂Bu^t, the following reactions are governed by the nature of the substituent X and the reaction conditions (solvent, concentration, temperature). For X = H 2,3-LiH elimination leads to BuSi(H)CH?CHBu^t ( 7 ), with X = F or Cl Si?C formation by 1,2-LiX elimination competes with intermolecular Si-C-coupling producing BuSi(H)CH(SiBuCH?CHBu^t)CH₂Bu^t ( 13 ) as the main product. BuSi?CHCH₂Bu^t ( 1 ) probably coordinates to LiBu^t and reacts to yield BuSiCH?CHBu^t ( 3 ) and 7 , forms tetrabutyl-dineopentyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane 2 by cyclodimerization and 13 by addition of BuSi(X)CH(Li)CH₂Bu^t.     

Über Oberflächenverbindungen von Übergangsmetallen. VIII. Die Komplexbildung von koordinativ ungesättigtem Oberflächen-Chrom (II) mit Oxiden des Stickstoffs

On Surface Compounds of Transition Metals. VIII. Complex Formation of a Coordinatively Unsaturated Cr^II Surface Compound with Nitrogen Oxides N₂O forms with surface-Cr(II) a relatively unstable light blue compound of the stoichiometry 1:1, while addition of NO results in formation of a very stable dark brown, diamagnetic surface complex . By reaction with O₂ this complex undergoes — depending on reaction temperature — either replacement of NO unter reoxidation of the metal (→Cr(VI)) or/and reaction of the ligand (→NO₂). Direct reaction of NO₂ with results in the same products as stepwise addition of NO and 1/2 O₂. reacts with HCl/ROH under formation of the soluble, paramagnetic kation [Cr(NO)(ROH)_n]²⁺, which is formulated as [Cr(II)(NO)]²⁺ ? [Cr(I)(NO⁺)]²⁺ accordingly to the e.s.r. spectra.     

Kann man die Arten von Zintl-Anionen steuern?? Variationen über das Thema Si2− im System Sr/Mg/Si

Can One Design Zintl Anions? Contributions from the System Sr/Mg/Si to the Topic Si^2? Two novel ternary silicides, SrMgSi₂ (Pnma, Z = 8, a = 14.374, b = 4.4512, c = 11.398 Å) and Sr₁₁Mg₂Si₁₀, (C2/m, Z = 2, a = 19.744, b = 4.754, c = 14.84 Å, β = 112.47°) have been established in the ternary system Sr/Mg/Si. The compounds are synthezised from the elements under inert conditions. Single crystal structure determinations yield the novel Zintl anions, [Si(Si₃)^8?] a branched chain, and the zig-zag chain piece [Si₈]^18?, both of which exhibit significant correlations and differences with respect to the linear chains in [Si^?] in the binary MSi phases (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) which have been reinvestigated in this context. The variations of the Zintl anions can be traced back mainly to the differences of Mg? Si and Sr? Si interactions. From these findings a functional relationship between Mg content and the formation of endgroup members in Zintl anions of silicon is anticipated.     

Structure and formation of gaseous [C4H5O]+ ions. IV—Ions derived from the cyclopropenium ion [C3H3]+

Characterization of [C₄H₅O]⁺ ions in the gas phase using their metastable ion and collisional activation spectra shows that the three isomeric ions HC?C? \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm C}\limits^{\rm + } $\end{document}H? OCH₃, CH₃O? \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm C}\limits^{\rm + } $\end{document}?C?CH₂ and ? OCH₃ related to the two stable [C₃H₃]⁺ cations [HC?C? CH₂]⁺ and are stable for ≥ 10^?5s. In contrast to the formation of cyclopropenium ions, it is found that the methoxy cyclopropenium ion is not generated from acyclic precursor molecules. The small but significant intensity differences found in the collisional activation spectra of [C₃H₃]⁺ ions generated from HC?C? CH₂I and HC?C? CH₂Cl possibly indicate the presence of [C₃H₃]⁺ ions of different structures.     

Gas‐phase intramolecular anion rearrangements of some trimethylsilyl‐containing systems revisited. A theoretical approach

Ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T)/6‐311++G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory have been carried out for three prototypical rearrangement processes of organosilicon anion systems. The first two are reactions of enolate ions which involve oxygen–silicon bond formation via three‐ and four‐membered states, respectively. The overall reactions are: The ΔG (reaction) values for the two processes are +175 and +51 kJ mol^?1, with maximum barriers (to the highest transition state) of +55 and +159 kJ mol^?1, respectively. The third studied process is the following: (CH₃O)C(?CH₂)Si(CH₃)₂CH → (CH₃)₂(C₂H₅)Si^? + CH₂CO, a process involving an S_Ni reaction between ‐CH and CH₃O‐ followed by silicon–carbon bond cleavage. The reaction is favourable [ΔG(reaction) = ?39 kJ mol^?1] with the barrier for the S_Ni process being 175 kJ mol^?1. The previous experimental and the current theoretical data are complementary and in agreement. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Molekulare Verbindungen mit SiAl4-, SiAl3- und GeAl4-Einheiten: Synthese und Struktur von Si(AlCl2 · OEt2)4, Ge(AlCl2 · OEt2)4 und HSi(Cp*AlBr)3

Molecular Compounds containing SiAl₄, SiAl₃, and GeAl₄ Units: Sythesis and Structure of Si(AlCl₂ · OEt₂)₄, Ge(AlCl₂ · OEt₂)₄, and HSi(Cp*AlBr)₃ In the scope of our investigations of the reactivity and the potential for synthesis of solutions of Al^I halides we performed reactions between these solutions and SiCp or GeCp, respectively. From these reactions we could isolate an unusual cluster with a central Al₁₄Si unit, described elsewhere, and the compounds Si(AlCl₂ · OEt₂)₄, Ge(AlCl₂ · OEt₂)₄, and HSi(Cp*AlBr)₃, which will be presented and discussed here. In these species the Si respectively the Ge atoms are connected to 4 respectively 3 Al atoms. This bonding results in strong negative polarized Si/Ge centres. The change of the polarization with respect to “normal” Si–R or Ge–R linking leads to a drastic weakening of the Si–R respectively the Ge–R bonds.     

Ionization and dissociation of some perfluoroalkylene-linked silanes and cyclic siloxanes under electron-impact

The mass spectra of two silanes and two cyclic siloxanes of the general formulae HSi(CH₃)₂-C₆H₄? (CF₂)_n? C₆H₄(CH₃)₂SiH and (n = 2 and 3) are reported and discussed. Although some major differences are apparent between the spectra of the two silanes, the fragmentation patterns of the cyclic siloxanes are largely identical.     

Chemie polyfunktioneller Moleküle. 93. Die halogenierende Ringspaltung des As3-Nortricyclans, 4-Methyl-1,2,6-triarsatricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptan Darstellung und Eigenschaften von 2,6-Dihalogen-4-methyl-1,2,6-triarsabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanen

Chemistry of Polyfunctional Molecules. 93. Halogenating Ring Cleavage of As₃-Nortricyclane 4-Methyl-1,2,6-triarsatricyclo[2.2.1.0^2,6]heptane. Preparation and Properties of 2,6-Dihalogeno-4-methyl-1,2,6-triarsabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes The reaction of the As₃-nortricyclane CH₃C(CH₂As)₃ ( 1 ) with PCl₅, Br₂, or I₂ in a molar ratio of 1:1 leads to the new 2,6-dihalogeno-4-methyl-1,2,6-triarsabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes CH₃C(CH₂As)₃X₂ (X = Cl, Br, I; 2a–c ). Application of a molar ratio of 1:2 results in the formation of 1,1,1-tris(dihalogenoarsinomethyl)ethanes CH₃C(CH₂AsX₂)₃ ( 4a–c ) in rather poor yields; ¹H-NMR spectroscopic studies suggest that 4a–c are formed via 2a–c and the tetrahalogenodiarsacyclopentane derivatives ( 3a–c ); the latter can not be isolated from their solutions. 4a–c are obtained in very good yields by treatment of 1 with the halogenating agents in a molar ratio of 1:3 Comproportionation of 1 with 4a–c (molar ratio of 2:1) gives also 2a–c . Whereas in CD₂Cl₂ or CS₂ disproportionation of 2a leads to an equilibrium between 1 and 4a , which is formed via the intermediate 3a . The homologues 2b, c are stable with respect to disproportionation in both solvents.     

Co-hydrolysis products of tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane in the presence of tetramethylammonium ions: Part 2 [1]

²⁹Si NMR peaks due to species with the double four-membered ring siloxane backbone composed of both Si(O^–)_4/2 and CH₃Si(O^–)_3/2 units, (CH₃) _n Si₈O _{20 – n} ^{/(8 – n) –} (n=1–3), formed by co-hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane in the presence of tetramethylammonium ions in methanol have been assigned. It has been found that ²⁹Si NMR peaks due to Si(OSi)₃(O^–) units shift to lower frequencies by replacement of the adjacent Si(O^–)_4/2 units by CH₃Si(O^–)_3/2 units, in other words, with increasing m value in Si[OSi(O^–)₃]_{3 – m} [OSi(CH₃) (O^–)₂] _m (O^–) (m=0–2). Peaks from CH₃ Si(OSi)₃ units in the species have also appeared as separated due to the kind of neighbor structural units. On the basis of the assignments, positions of CH₃Si(O^–)_3/2 units in the cubic octameric siloxane framework of (CH₃) _n Si₈O _{20 – n} ^{/(8 – n) –} (n=2, 3), for both of which three isomers are present, have been estimated.     

Iodostannate mit polymeren Anionen: (Me3PhN)4 [Sn3I10], [Me2HN–(CH2)2–NMe2H]2 [Sn3I10] und [Me2HN–(CH2)2–NMe2H][Sn3I8]

Iodostannates with Polymeric Anions: (Me₃PhN)₄ [Sn₃I₁₀], [Me₂HN–(CH₂)₂–NMe₂H]₂ [Sn₃I₁₀], and [Me₂HN–(CH₂)₂–NMe₂H] [Sn₃I₈] The polymeric iodostannate anions in (Me₃PhN)₄ [Sn₃I₁₀] ( 1 ) and [Me₂HN–(CH₂)₂–NMe₂H]₂ [Sn₃I₁₀] ( 2 ) consist of Sn₃I₁₂‐trioctahedra, which share four common iodine atoms with adjacent units to form infinite layers in 1 and polymeric chains in 2 . In the anion of [Me₂HN–(CH₂)₂–NMe₂H] [Sn₃I₈] ( 3 ) distorted SnI₆ octahedra sharing common edges and vertices form a two‐dimensional network. (Me₃PhN)₄ [Sn₃I₁₀] ( 1 ): Space group C2/c (No. 15), a = 2406.9(2), b = 968.26(7), c = 2651.7(2) pm, β = 111.775(9), V = 5738.9(8) · 10⁶ pm³; [Me₂HN–(CH₂)₂–NMe₂H]₂ [Sn₃I₁₀] ( 2 ): Space group P2₁/n (No. 14), a = 1187.2(1), b = 1554.4(1), c = 1188.9(1) pm, β = 116.620(8), V = 1961.4(3) · 10⁶ pm³; [Me₂HN–(CH₂)₂–NMe₂H] [Sn₃I₈] ( 3 ): Space group P2₁/c (No. 14), a = 1098.9(2), b = 803.93(7), c = 1571.5(2) pm, β = 102.96(1), V = 1352.9(2) · 10⁶ pm³.     

Synthese und Strukturuntersuchungen von Iodocupraten(I). XV Iodocuprate(I) mit solvatisierten Kationen: [Li(CH3CN)4][Cu2I3] und [Mg{(CH3)2CO}6][Cu2I4]

Synthesis and Structure Investigations of Iodocuprates(I). XV Iodocuprate(I) with Solvated Cations: [Li(CH₃CN)₄] [Cu₂I₃] and [Mg{(CH₃)₂CO}₆][Cu₂I₄] [Li(CH₃CN)₄][Cu₂I₃] 1 and [Mg((CH₃)₂CO)₆][Cu₂I₄] 2 were prepared by reactions of CuI with LiI in acetonitrile and of CuI with MgI₂ in acetone. 1 crystallizes orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 552.7(2), b = 1258.8(8), c = 2516(1) pm, z = 4. [Li(CH₃CN)₄]⁺ cations are located between rod packings of CuI₄ tetrahedra double chains [(CuI_2/2I_2/4)₂]^? parallel to the axis. Short intermolecular anion/cation contacts were observed. The crystal structure of 2 (monoclinic, P2₁/n, a = 1840(2), b = 1059.2(2), c = 1879(2)pm, β = 112.94(4)°, z = 4) is built up by [Mg((CH₃)₂CO)₆]²⁺ cations forming a simple hexagonal sphere packing. The binuclear anions [Cu₂I₄]^2? occupy holes in the trigonal prismatic channels formed by the cations.     

An improved procedure for syntheses of silyl derivatives of the cubeoctameric silicate anion

The reaction of the Si₈O₂₀^8? silicate anion with X(CH₃)₂SiCl (X?H or CH₃) has been studied to develop a cost‐effective procedure for synthesizing Si₈O₂₀[Si(CH₃)₂X]₈ in high yield. Use of hexane as solvent and adjustment of the reaction temperature to ca 20 °C were found to be effective in promoting the reaction, by which Si₈O₂₀[Si(CH₃)₂X]₈ could be produced in good yield employing 24 mol of X(CH₃)₂SiCl per mole of Si₈O₂₀^8?. It was also demonstrated that the yield of Si₈O₂₀[Si(CH₃)₂X]₈ depends on the amount of solvent, suggesting that the amount is an important factor when scaling up the reaction to produce a large quantity of Si₈O₂₀[Si(CH₃)₂X]₈. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen. LVI. Reaktionen Si- und C-chlorierter 1,3,5-Trisilapentane mit CH3MgCl

Formation of Organosilicon Compounds. LVI. Reactions of Si- and C-Chlorinated 1,3,5-Trisilapentanes with CH₃MgCl (Cl₃Si? CCl₂)₂SiCl₂ (1) reacts with an excess of meMgCl (me = CH₃) forming me₃Si? C?C? Sime₃ (2), Sime₄, H₂C?C(Sime₃)[CH(Sime₃)₂] (3) as main products and (me₃Si)₂C? CH(Sime₃) and as by-products. The cleavage reaction of (1) to (2) and (3) does not occur when the meMgCl-concentration is lowered. The reaction is started by the formation of a GRIGNARD reagent at a CCl-group in compound (1). Cl₃Si? CCl₂? SiCl₂? CH₂? SiCl₃ forms with ; me₃Si? CCl₂? SiCl₂? CHCl? SiCl₃ forms (me₃Si)₂C?CH(Sime₃). A reaction sequence is given.