产母及新生儿血铅水平及影响因素的研究

为了解佛山市产母、新生儿血铅水平及其相关影响因素 ,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法 ,于 2 0 0 2年 5～ 9月 ,取本院产科产母静脉血及其新生儿脐血 1 5 2例 ,进行血铅、钙、锌、铁、铜和锰水平测定 ,按妇幼保健管理卡内容 ,进行相关记录。结果表明 ,产母血铅水平90 1± 3 4 8μg/L ,BPb≥ 1 0 0 μg/L者占 2 0 3 9% ;新生儿脐血铅水平 89 2± 3 1 6μg/L ,铅中毒率为2 2 3 7% ;母子血铅值呈显著正相关 (r=0 85 7,P <0 0 1 ) ,产母血铅值与其血钙、铁值显著负相关 (r=0 2 66,-0 3 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;城郊产母及新生儿血铅水平显著高于城区。揭示市郊孕妇、新生儿血铅较高 ,血钙、锌、铁含量影响血铅水平     

白血病患儿体内铜锌代谢的动态观察

对白血病患儿体内血清锌、血清铜浓度以及血清铜/锌比值作了初步的观测.在41例白血病患儿和33例正常对照儿童中,观察到在明确诊断化疗前,41例白血病患儿中有20例患儿的血清锌浓度低于正常低限,他们的平均血清锌浓度为12.3±3.4 μmol/L,明显低于对照组18.3±4.0 μmol/L.白血病患儿的血清铜/锌比值为1.40±0.38,明显高于正常儿童1.19±0.25.经治疗后,有12例患儿获缓解并继续随访至发病后6～8周,平均血清锌浓度由11.4±2.2μmol/L,提高到13.7±2.1μmol/L,血清铜/锌比值由1.51±0.36,下降到1.29±0.23.说明白血病患儿体内存在着锌代谢的异常.     

反复呼吸道感染儿童血锌检测分析

为探讨低锌对儿童反复呼吸道感染的影响 ,检测了 1 2 3例儿童指血锌 (Zn)值 ,并采用t检验 ,与正常儿童组进行血锌值比较。结果表明 ,反复呼吸道感染组血Zn值 48 69± 4 89μmol/L ,正常儿童组血Zn值 5 7 46± 1 9 1 8μmol/L ,经t检验 ,t>t0 0 1( 12 1) ,P <0 0 1 ,具有极其显著差异。提示儿童锌缺乏明显导致儿童免疫力下降 ,削弱机体对病毒及细菌的抵抗力 ,适当补锌有助于预防和治疗上呼吸道感染     

锌原卟啉与儿童铅中毒和贫血关系的研究

[目的 ]探讨锌原卟啉测定诊断儿童铅中毒与贫血可能性。 [方法 ]测定了 2 3 5名儿童血ZPP、Hb、BPb。 [结果 ]ZPP值 2 3 9± 1 0 2 μg/gHb ,增高率 1 3 61 % ;血铅水平 8 94± 4 62 μg/dL ,铅中毒率 41 0 7%。Hb平均浓度 1 1 2 5 0± 1 0 5 5g/L ,贫血患病率 3 1 48%。ZPP与Hb呈高度负相关 (P <0 0 1 ) ,与BPb无相关性 (P >0 0 5 )。血铅水平正常组与铅中毒组ZPP值差异无显著意义(P >0 0 5 )。Hb正常组与贫血组ZPP值差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 )。 [结论 ]ZPP升高可作为缺铁性贫血的诊断指标 ,但在血铅水平较低的地区 ,则不宜用ZPP作为儿童铅中毒的筛查指标。     

东莞市儿童血清中5种微量元素及钙含量的分析研究

测定了东莞市 1 3 89名儿童血清中锌 (Zn)、铁 (Fe)、铜 (Cu)、锰 (Mn)、铅 (Pb)及钙 (Ca)含量。结果分别为Zn (0 973± 0 2 3 8) μg/mL、Fe (1 1 0 1± 0 2 41 ) μg/mL、Cu (0 90 5±0 2 1 3 ) μg/mL、Mn (0 0 3 9± 0 0 2 0 ) μg/mL、Pb (0 0 5 3± 0 0 1 5 ) μg/mL及Ca (85 2 5 2± 1 4 795 )μg/mL,男女间没有显著差异。     

维汉孕妇及新生儿脐血铅水平与环境因素的相关性研究

为了解乌鲁木齐地区维汉孕妇及新生儿脐血铅现状及相关的影响因素 ,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法 ,于 2 0 0 0年 3月～ 9月 ,对新疆医科大学第一附属医院及妇幼保健院正常产妇静脉血及其新生儿脐血进行了血铅测定 (汉族 80例 ,维吾尔族 5 9例 ) ,并对产妇家庭社会环境等相关因素进行了问卷调查。结果表明 ,1 39例产妇血铅 1 2～ 2 67( 84 91± 4 7 64) μg/L ,新生儿脐血铅 1 0～ 32 9( 65 0 8± 4 3 88) μg/L ,维汉母子血铅高度相关 (r =0 71 4 0 ,0 7898,P <0 0 1 )。其中维族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅均大于汉族 (P <0 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 )。血铅≥ 1 0 0 μg/L的孕妇 5 4例( 38 85 % ) ,新生儿 4 9例 ( 35 2 5 % )。研究发现 ,孕期被动吸烟、家庭成员接触铅、家庭周围有铅污染工厂、住址靠马路、母职业、文化程度、孕期补钙、家庭人均收入、母上班乘公共汽车时间等是影响胎儿铅暴露的因素。结论 :本组维汉孕妇及新生儿血铅值有差异 ,且和环境因素有关 ,新生儿铅中毒有一定比例 ,应引起高度重视     

360名儿童血铅和血锌的检测及相关性分析

铅和锌是微量元素中对人体特别是儿童的生长发育有很大影响的因素。随机检测了 6间幼儿园 3 60名 3～ 6岁儿童的血锌和血铅含量水平 ,血铅 >0 1 μg/mL的儿童占 2 7 2 2 %。对高铅儿童的血锌水平与血铅正常儿童的血锌水平进行相关性比较 ,在分年龄组的比较中 ,3岁组与 6岁组存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在分性别的比较中 ,男童的血锌水平存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。     

孕母中期血铅水平对妊娠结局影响的初探

为探讨孕中期铅负荷对孕妇分娩、新生儿神经行为发育的影响 ,随机抽取了 1 1 8例配对孕产妇及新生儿作为研究对象 ,采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了其孕中期、产时脐带及新生儿静脉的血铅水平 ;比较了不同分娩方式的产妇血铅水平 ;采用儿童神经行为发育量表 (NABA)对出生2 4～ 3 6h新生儿进行了评价 ,并与其母孕中期、脐带血铅水平进行了相关分析 ;以孕中期母血铅c的第 2 5、 5 0、 75百分位 ,即 0 2 7μmol/L、 0 3 1 μmol/L、 0 3 6μmol/L为分界点 ,分为相对高铅组和低铅组 ,对其神经行为发育进行了比较。结果表明 ,剖宫产者血铅水平显著高于顺产者 ;母孕中期血铅值与新生儿行为能力、主动肌张力及总分呈显著负相关 (r =-0 2 96,-0 2 41 ,-0 3 89,P <0 0 5 ) :脐血铅值与行为能力及总分呈显著负相关 (r =-0 1 3 4,-0 2 76,P <0 0 5 ) :在分界点 0 3 1 μmol/L时 ,两组的总分评分开始出现显著性差异。提示低铅负荷影响孕妇分娩 ,孕中期的低血铅暴露 ( 0 3 1 μmol/L) ,对新生儿的神经行为发育产生不良影响。     

清远市学龄前儿童血铅水平分析

目的　探讨清远市学龄前儿童血铅水平、铅中毒分布特点及与其它元素的关系,为防治铅中毒损害提供依据,方法　在清远市城区,随机抽取在清远市妇幼保健院体检的5 5 3名1～6岁儿童为研究对象,采指端末梢血2 0 μL ,用原子吸收光谱仪测定血铅、钙、锌、铁、铜和锰的水平。结果　该市学龄前儿童血铅水平( 73 0±49 6) μg/L ,几何均值5 8 1 μg/L ,铅中毒流行率2 4 95 % ,以1 0 0～1 90 μg/L频率最高,占2 3 6% ,铅中毒流行率随年龄的增长而降低( χ2 =1 2 0 9,P <0 0 5 ) ;2岁组铅中毒流行率最高,血铅值与血钙、锌值呈显著负相关(r =-0 1 82 ,-0 1 5 0 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　2岁组对铅污染较敏感;增加钙、锌元素的补充,能预防儿童铅中毒     

铅暴露者体内卟啉代谢与膳食调整的探讨

武汉某蓄电池厂69名长年接触铅作业工人血铅及相应血尿生化指标测定结果表明：平均血铅含量1.48±0.67μmol／L，血红蛋白为129.0±25.4g／L，贫血率为36．3％；血锌原卟啉为6.65±3．65μg／（g.Hb），血δ-氨基酮戊酸脱水酶为59．2±49．5IU／L，尿δ-氨基酮戊酸为5．69±4．44mg／L。同时发现，作业工人膳食总热能、Ca、VitaminA、VitaminB2摄人不足，血铅水平与膳食中磷、VitaminB1、VitaminB2摄人量呈负相关。结合膳食营养素对铅代谢的影响，本文提出了相应的合理膳食建议。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。