YBa2Cu3O7-δ的低温摩擦学性能

随着超导体的出现,人们一直致力于超导摩擦学的研究,取得了显著的进步,但对其减摩抗磨机理还不清楚。该文利用相关资料,介绍了低温摩擦学的主要研究方法、重点总结了超导转变对高温超导陶瓷YBa2Cu3O7-δ摩擦行为的影响,并探讨了超导摩擦的机理。     

Normal state resistivity of YBa2Cu3O7−x

A systematic study has been carried out on the normal state resistivity of YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x . Samples were cut from the same well-annealed material and were quenched from different temperatures (T _Q ). The resistivity is metallic whenT _Q 500 °C and becomes semiconductor-like whenT _Q 600 °C. The data on the latter was interpreted in terms of the three-dimensional localization model proposed by Mott.The work at USCD was supported by the California MICRO program     

Low temperature acoustic properties in YBa2Cu3O7−δ

Temperature dependencies of acoustic lossesQ ^–1 and of relative sound velocity change v/v in YBa₂Cu₃O_7– up to 60 K are calculated by the tunneling model theory. The tunneling systems are related to the off-centered positions of the apical oxygen atoms O(A) and are described through the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect. Tunneling systems' parameters are distributed in narrow range of values and are in correspondence with the experimentally observed infrared phonon spectra and thermal ellipsoids of O(A). Respective relaxation times are calculated by the adapted reaction rate method. The calculatedQ ^–1(T) and v(T)/v dependencies are in good agreement with the experimental data, which is an additional support to the conclusion about the existence of tunneling systems in YBa₂Cu₃O_7– due to the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect.     

YBa2Cu3O7-δ和PrBa2Cu3O7-δ1/f噪声尺寸效应的研究

我们分别测量了YBa2Cu3O7-δ（YBCO）和PrBa2Cu3O7-δ（PRBCO）微桥样品在正常态沿ab面方向的1/f噪声，发现这两种材料分别存在着数量级为10^1μm和10^2μm的特征尺度，在此尺寸以下，噪声水平急剧下降，即噪声的尺寸效应，我认为这一结果反映出样品是由尺寸为10^0μm的独立小区组成，小尺寸样品噪声表现是这些小区涨落叠加的结果。     

Ni掺杂YBa2Cu3O7-δ的内耗研究

制备了Ｎｉ掺杂浓度为０，０．００２，０．００５，０．０１，０．０２，０．０５，０．１的系列ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ样品。在液氦至室温范围，采用双端共振簧方法测量了它们在千赫兹范围的内耗。     

Anisotropy of normal resistivity in oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystals

Temperature dependences of the resistivity tensor components ρ_ab and ρ_c were measured for YBa₂Cu₃O_7?x single crystals with different oxygen contents. The resistivity anisotropy ρ_c/ρ_ab was found to grow exponentially with decreasing temperature. The results are compared with the predictions of different models describing transverse transport in the normal state of cuprate high-T _c superconductors.     

Percolation and electrical resistivity in the YBa2Cu3O7−Ag composite system

We have measured the resistivity of the YBa₂Cu₃O₇–Ag composite system with Ag volume fraction,p _Ag ranging from 0–100%. The percolation behavior and the normal-state resistivity are studied. We find a three-dimensional threshold for the Ag matrix occurring atp _Ag 20% and a threshold for the superconducting matrix occurring at 1–p _Ag30%. The electrical resistivity is interpreted in terms of a resistivity model for granular YBa₂Cu₃O₇ proposed by Halbritter et al. [Z. Phys. B —Condensed Matter71, 411 (1988)]. Based on this model, we show that the resistivities between the YBa₂Cu₃O₇ grains and flaws in the grains are greatly diminished in the samples, indicating significantly improved grain growth behavior of the YBa₂Cu₃O₇ phase resulting from the addition of Ag. With the diminishing of the grain boundary resistivities, an intrinsic value for the temperature coefficient of resistivity, (1/gr)(d/dT), can be inferred, which is 3.3×10^–3/K at 300 K. This value is very close to that observed in the Cu–O₂ planes in single crystals and epitaxial films of YBa₂Cu₃O₇.     

掺硅YBa2Cu3O7—δ的性质

介绍掺硅对YBCO超导态及正常态性质的影响。在所研究的掺硅浓度范围内发现电阻温度转变曲线有二次转变台阶。     

IRREVERSIBILITY LINE AND THERMAL DEPINNING IN YBa2Cu3O7-δ

By measuring magnetic torque moment in a field-sweeping process, the temperature and field dependence of the critical current density j (with a criterion of electric field) and the normalized relaxation rate Q = d lnj/d ln E of a YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin film were obtained. With a minimum current density (j_min = 10A·cm^-2) the irreversibility lines at different sweeping rates were determined. It was found that these irreversibility lines cannot be fitted to either the melting line or the vortex-glass transition. All the data can be interpreted by the thermally-assisted-flux-flow model. Further investigation shows that, at irreversible tem-perature and field, U_c is much smaller than k_BT, which indicates that the thermal depinning is the real origin of the irreversibility line.     

STUDY OF HALOGEN DOPING IN POLYCRYSTALLINE YBa2Cu3O7-δ

This paper presents systematically the doping effects of halogens in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ polycrystalline samples, with a series of concentrations of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. All samples were prepared by chemical method of citrate pyrolysis, which makes the halogen concentration in the samples more uniform. Samples doped with F have T_c as high as 94.5K, Cl, Br and I dopings also raise T_c to a certain extent. In addition, the influence of halogen doping on critical current density, morphology, constitution and so forth is discussed.     

Ferroelastic detwinning of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ

Crystals of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ (YBC) were prepared using a flux technique. The as-grown crystals were typically on the order of 200 μm × 200 μm × 50 μm, where the 50 μm dimension is in the c-direction. Ferroelastic behavior was observed by applying a uniaxial stress along the [100]_tet-direction using a specially-designed fixture which was mounted to a programmable hot/cold stage of a polarizing reflected-light microscope. Domain wall motion was observed for temperatures greater than 200°C, and complete poling was accomplished at stresses on the order of 50–100 MPa at temperatures of 350–400°C. An ionic diffusion-activated mechanism is suggested.     

YBa2Cu3O7—δ中的元素替代效应

高临界温度氧化物超导体的发现,对超导电性研究领域、凝聚态物理、以至整个物理学和其它相关学科、高新技术的发展,已经并正在继续产生着深远的影响。高温超导体中元素替代研究有着其特殊的意义。例如,通过元素替代,已发现了多种结构类型的几十种新的高温氧化物超导     

Grain boundary chemistry and grain boundary dislocations in bulk YBa2Cu3O7-δ

We report the results of our microchemical analyses of low- large-angle grain boundaries in bulk YBa₂Cu₃O_7- using nanoprobe energy-dispersive-X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). We observed periodic variation in the concentration of Cu along the boundaries, and oxygen depletion at the boundaries. We found that the chemistry of the grain boundary is very sensitive to grain boundary dislocations (GBDs), while, in turn, the configuration of the GBDs is very sensitive to the boundary misorientation and the boundary plane normal. The strain field associated with closely spaced GBDs reduced the density of mobile holes at the boundary, which is expected to be detrimental to the superconducting properties of the boundary. The possible structural transition of the grain boundaries from an oxygen-deficient state to a fully oxygenated state near a coincidence orientation is discussed, based on the reduction of the elastic strain energy of the boundaries.     

Dynamics of atoms in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ

In order to obtain insight into the role played by the phonons in the superconducting phase transition, we have performed infrared reflectivity and inelastic neutron scattering experiments on single phase YBa₂Cu₃O_7–(0.1,T _c =94 K, T _10–90=1 K). These experimental results, together with published Raman scattering and specific heat data are used to determine the parameters of a rigid-ion model; the model is able to reproduce qualitatively the experimental data. On the basis of our model we derive and discuss the phonon density of states and the pattern of atomic displacements of some important vibrational modes. In particular, the model reveals the existence of high-frequency oxygen breathing modes and of low-frequency copper dimerization modes in both the CuO₃-chains and the CuO₂-planes. Furthermore, Jahn-Teller like oxygen modes exist in the chains. The possible role of these modes with respect to the pairing mechanism is discussed. In addition there exist low-frequency chain-degrading modes which favour jumps of oxygen atoms out of the CuO₃-chains into neighbouring vacant sites in the basal plane.     

Far-infrared spectroscopy of the high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ

We report measurements of the far-infrared reflectivity of polycrystalline samples of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ which have their superconducting transition temperatures in the 90 K range. The measurements performed between 300 K and 10 K reveal temperature-dependent structures attributed to optical phonons in the 150 cm^-1 – 350 cm^-1 range, and excitation of the electrons across the energy gap. Complicated structures make unambiguous fitting with the Mattis-Bardeen theory difficult, but it seems that the energy gap is around 3.5 kT_c for T⪡T_c. Additionally, our results indicate the possibility of a second gap at an energy corresponding to 5.4 kT_c.     

采用固态反应法合成超细YBa2Cu3O7-δ粉末

本文介绍了一种用于合成平均尺寸小于1μm的超细YBa2Cu3O7-δ（Y-123)粉末的固态反应法。合成Y－123粉末的传统方法是利用BaCO3、Y2O3和CuO粉末直接固态烧结反应。本文介绍的方法则利用BaCuO2(011)、Y2O3和CuO粉末之间的固态反应。本方法不包括传统反应法中限制反应速率的BaCO3分解反应,因而与传统固态反应法相比,其合成温度及保温时间大大降低,从而可以合成超细粉末。将011、Y2O3和CuO粉末按4：1：2的摩尔比混合后在900℃于流通氧气中烧结15小时,此时反应刚好完成而生成的Y－123粉末又不过分长大,得到的粉末平均尺寸小于1μm。     

Near-Field Induced FIR Josephson-Detection by c-Axis-Oriented YBa2Cu3O7-δ-Films

A novel approach to intrinsic Josephson-detection of far infrared radiation is reported utilizing near-zone field effects at electric contacts on c-axis oriented YBa₂Cu₃O_7- films. While only a bolometric signal was observed focusing the radiation far off the contacts on c-axis normal films, irradiating the edge of contacts yielded an almost wavelength independent fast signal showing the characteristic intensity dependence of Josephson-detection. The signal is attributed to a c-axis parallel component of the electric radiation field being generated in the near-zone field of diffraction at the metallic contact structures.