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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1995,15(7):641-653
The exergy efficiency, as well as the charging and discharging rates, in a latent heat storage system can be improved by use of the PCMs having different melting points. The melting point distribution of the PCMs has substantial effects on the exergy efficiency. The optimum melting point distribution of the PCMs has been estimated from numerical simulations and also from simple equations. The fast charging or discharging rate leads to high exergy efficiency. 相似文献
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热管式相变蓄热换热器储/放能过程中传热特性的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将热管作为换热元件应用于相变蓄热系统中,研制了一套热管式相变蓄热换热器。采用石蜡作为蓄热材料,对其储、放能过程即内部石蜡的融化与凝固过程进行了实验研究。测定了储、放能过程中不同时刻换热器内石蜡的温度分布; 改变供、取热流体参数,分析了供/取热流体的入口温度与流量对换热器储/放能过程的影响;分析了储、放能过程中能量随时间的变化情况。结果表明,热管在本换热器内极好地发挥了换热元件的作用,换热器运行状况良好,各项功能均能较好地实现。 相似文献
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An experimental energy storage system has been designed using a new type flat micro heat pipe heat exchanger that incorporates a moderate-temperature phase change material paraffin with a melting point of 58°C. The basic structure, working principles, and design concept are discussed. The heat transfer process during the charging and discharging of the heat exchanger under various operating conditions has been experimentally investigated. Results show that the performance of the new type flat micro heat pipe was steady and efficient during charging and discharging. The average thermal storage power and absorption efficiency have been determined to be approximately 537 W and 92.5%, respectively. 相似文献
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Summary A theoretical model has been developed to describe the cyclic behaviour of a latent-heat thermal-storage module. Attention
has been focused on power production applications, where stability of the heat supply as well as of the operating temperatures
is a main concern. The model has been solved numerically; the heat transfer inside the storage module has been analysed to
determine the conditions for a stable operation of the conversion system with minimum storage mass. 相似文献
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Shuai Chen Chengpeng Jiang Jinglin Li Jinwei Xiang Wendong Xiao 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(10)
Battery energy storage technology is an important part of the industrial parks to ensure the stable power supply, and its rough charging and discharging mode is difficult to meet the application requirements of energy saving, emission reduction, cost reduction, and efficiency increase. As a classic method of deep reinforcement learning, the deep Q-network is widely used to solve the problem of user-side battery energy storage charging and discharging. In some scenarios, its performance has reached the level of human expert. However, the updating of storage priority in experience memory often lags behind updating of Q-network parameters. In response to the need for lean management of battery charging and discharging, this paper proposes an improved deep Q-network to update the priority of sequence samples and the training performance of deep neural network, which reduces the cost of charging and discharging action and energy consumption in the park. The proposed method considers factors such as real-time electricity price, battery status, and time. The energy consumption state, charging and discharging behavior, reward function, and neural network structure are designed to meet the flexible scheduling of charging and discharging strategies, and can finally realize the optimization of battery energy storage benefits. The proposed method can solve the problem of priority update lag, and improve the utilization efficiency and learning performance of the experience pool samples. The paper selects electricity price data from the United States and some regions of China for simulation experiments. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional algorithm, the proposed approach can achieve better performance in both electricity price systems, thereby greatly reducing the cost of battery energy storage and providing a stronger guarantee for the safe and stable operation of battery energy storage systems in industrial parks. 相似文献
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Lattice Boltzmann simulation on thermal performance of composite phase change material based on Voronoi models
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《中国物理 B》2021,30(10):104401-104401
Phase change materials(PCMs) are important for sustaining energy development. For the thermal performance enhancement, the composite PCM with metal foam reconstructed by the Voronoi method is investigated in this work. The lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) is used to analyze the melting process on a pore scale. The melting interface evolution and temperature contour of the composite PCM are explored and compared with those of pure PCM. Moreover, structure parameters including the pore density, porosity and irregularity are investigated comprehensively, indicating that the additive of metal foam strengthens the melting performance of PCM obviously. Compared with pure PCM, the composite PCM has quick rates of the melting front evolution and heat transfer. The heat conduction plays a great role in the whole melting process since the convection is weakened for the composite PCM. To improve the melting efficiency, a larger pore density and smaller irregularity are recommended in general. More significantly, a suitable porosity is determined based on the requirement for the balance between the melting rate and heat storage capacity in practical engineering. 相似文献
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In this study, a novel phase change material (PCM) of epoxy resin sealed expanded graphite/paraffin composite was developed as an independent attachment for building applications. A relatively high thermal energy storage density and a high thermal conductivity (2.141?W/(m·K)) were obtained in the composite PCM. The mass fraction of paraffin in the composite PCM could reach 94% without leakage of liquid paraffin when being heated at 50°C for more than 3 h, and the thermal cycle stability was good. Moreover, the thermal storage and release properties of this composite PCM with different thicknesses were studied by numerical simulation. The results showed that the thermal storage and release time are proportional to the thickness of the composite PCM, and there was almost no temperature gradient during the thermal storage and release process, which indicated that the thermal conductivity of this kind of composite PCM was high enough for building applications. 相似文献
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A new unipolar charger for aerosol nanoparticles has been developed. In this twin Hewitt charger two corona discharge zones are connected by a charging zone where the nanoparticle aerosol flows. Ions move into the charging zone alternating from each corona discharging zone by means of a square-wave voltage. The operation parameters of the device have been experimentally investigated at standard conditions with the goal to optimize the extrinsic charging efficiency in N2 carrier gas. It has been found that there exists an optimal length of the charging channel for each gas flow rate through the charger which minimizes losses of charged particles and at the same time having a sufficient large n
iont-product. Extrinsic charging efficiencies of some 30% for particles with a diameter of 10 nm are obtained. 相似文献
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研究了储能电容自身损耗对氙灯放电特性的影响,对脉冲氙灯放电回路进行了分析与改进。在实际电容自身损耗不为零的情况下,将电容等效为理想电容与损耗阻抗的串联,给出了计算氙灯放电特性的改进公式,并详细计算和分析了电容自身损耗增大情况下的氙灯放电电流和放电功率变化情况,计算结果表明:损耗增大会导致氙灯放电电流、功率峰值下降,闪光时间缩短,显著影响激光泵浦效率;电容损耗增大还会导致LC放电回路出现电容反充电现象,影响氙灯正常工作并缩短灯的寿命。实际的储能电容充放电实验证明,电容损耗增大会导致氙灯闪光的波形峰值下降、闪光时间缩短和电极溅射加剧,验证了理论分析的合理性。另外,实验证明环境因素对储能电容自身损耗的增大具有非常显著的影响。 相似文献
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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1990,10(5-6):509-517
The present paper is concerned with studying the effects of storage medium properties on the thermal behaviour of packed beds during charging. A transient one-dimensional two-phase model is used to describe the temperature fields in the air and solid media constituting the bed. The numerical solution of the resulting two-coupled partial differential equations is obtained, and the variation of thermal energy stored with time is computed. Solutions are obtained for a wide range of storage media (the solid phase) properties, namely density, thermal conductivity and specific heat. The results show that increasing either the density or specific heat increases the rate and capacity of energy storage, and decreases the rate of temperature rise throughout the storage medium. On the other hand, increasing the thermal conductivity is found to markedly increase the rate of temperature rise and energy stored inside the bed up to a certain time during charging, beyond which this trend completely reverses. In addition, the thermal storage properties of aluminum, steel and rock-packed beds are computed and compared. 相似文献
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介绍了自行研制的用于闪光照相且基于感应电压叠加器和阳极杆箍缩二极管的X射线源的组成、结构和主要参数。输出电压3 MV的Marx发生器给阻抗7.8 Ω水介质脉冲形成线充电,产生脉宽约70 ns,电压约1 MV的高功率脉冲,经过峰化开关和预脉冲开关后分成3路馈入三级感应电压叠加器感应腔进行电压叠加,感应电压叠加器次级采用真空绝缘传输线,阻抗从40 Ω变成60 Ω,驱动阳极杆箍缩二极管,二极管阴极为石墨,阳极为直径1.2 mm的钨杆,石墨阴极产生的电子束在电流自磁场作用下发生箍缩,轰击阳极,产生小焦斑脉冲X射线。该装置在Marx充电电压为±35 kV时,二极管电压约2.0 MV,二极管电流约为50 kA,半高宽约80 ns;X射线半高宽约为40 ns,剂量约为28 mGy,焦斑约为0.95 mm。利用该X射线源拍摄到了炸药爆炸产生的层裂碎片不同飞行时间的图像。 相似文献
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航天器与等离子体环境中的电子、离子相互作用, 表面将出现充放电效应, 对航天器产生负面影响. 表面充电电位对充放电影响至关重要. 综合考虑等离子体中粒子质量、温度及密度, 二次电子效应及非偏置固体的运动速度等因素, 基于气体动理论, 利用粒子的麦克斯韦速度分布函数理论推导得出等离子体环境中非偏置固体表面充电电位一般表达式. 分析了等离子体以及非偏置固体特殊状态下的表达式及一般状态下的表达式, 总结出不同等离子环境、不同运动状态下的表面充电规律.
关键词:
等离子体
非偏置固体
表面充电 相似文献