RCM‐TVD hybrid scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws

We describe a hybrid method for the solution of hyperbolic conservation laws. A third‐order total variation diminishing (TVD) finite difference scheme is conjugated with a random choice method (RCM) in a grid‐based adaptive way. An efficient multi‐resolution technique is used to detect the high gradient regions of the numerical solution in order to capture the shock with RCM while the smooth regions are computed with the more efficient TVD scheme. The hybrid scheme captures correctly the discontinuities of the solution and saves CPU time. Numerical experiments with one‐ and two‐dimensional problems are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Composite high resolution localized relaxation scheme based on upwinding for hyperbolic conservation laws

In this work we present an upwind‐based high resolution scheme using flux limiters. Based on the direction of flow we choose the smoothness parameter in such a way that it leads to a truly upwind scheme without losing total variation diminishing (TVD) property for hyperbolic linear systems where characteristic values can be of either sign. Here we present and justify the choice of smoothness parameters. The numerical flux function of a high resolution scheme is constructed using wave speed splitting so that it results into a scheme that truly respects the physical hyperbolicity property. Bounds are given for limiter functions to satisfy TVD property. The proposed scheme is extended for non‐linear problems by using the framework of relaxation system that converts a non‐linear conservation law into a system of linear convection equations with a non‐linear source term. The characteristic speed of relaxation system is chosen locally on three point stencil of grid. This obtained relaxation system is solved using composite scheme technique, i.e. using a combination of proposed scheme with the conservative non‐standard finite difference scheme. Presented numerical results show higher resolution near discontinuity without introducing spurious oscillations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive multi-resolution central-upwind schemes for systems of conservation laws

In this article, we develop an adaptive scheme for solving systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. In this scheme nonlinear shock and linear contact waves will be treated differently. The proposed scheme uses the Kurganov central-upwind scheme. Fourth-order non-oscillatory reconstruction is employed near shock only while the unlimited fifth-order reconstruction is used for smooth regions and linear contact waves. To distinguish between the smooth parts and discontinuities, we use an efficient adaptive multi-resolution technique. The advantages of the scheme are high resolution and computationally efficient since limiters are used only for shocks. Numerical experiments with one- and two-dimensional problems are presented which show the robustness of the proposed scheme.     

Non-oscillatory central-upwind scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws

We introduce a new fourth order, semi-discrete, central-upwind scheme for solving systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. The scheme is a combination of a fourth order non-oscillatory reconstruction, a semi-discrete central-upwind numerical flux and the third order TVD Runge-Kutta method. Numerical results suggest that the new scheme achieves a uniformly high order accuracy for smooth solutions and produces non-oscillatory profiles for discontinuities. This is especially so for long time evolution problems. The scheme combines the simplicity of the central schemes and accuracy of the upwind schemes. The advantages of the new scheme will be fully realized when solving various examples.     

非线性双曲型守恒律的高精度MmB差分格式

构造了一维非线性双曲型守恒律方程的一个高精度、高分辨率的广义G odunov型差分格式。其构造思想是:首先将计算区间划分为若干个互不相交的小区间,再根据精度要求等分小区间,通过各细小区间上的单元平均状态变量,重构各等分小区间交界面上的状态变量,并加以校正;其次,利用近似R iem ann解算子求解细小区间交界面上的数值通量,并结合高阶R unge-K u tta TVD方法进行时间离散,得到了高精度的全离散方法。证明了该格式的Mm B特性。然后,将格式推广到一、二维双曲型守恒方程组情形。最后给出了一、二维Eu ler方程组的几个典型的数值算例,验证了格式的高效性。     

Improved artificial dissipation schemes for the Euler equations

The influence of artificial dissipation schemes on the accuracy and stability of the numerical solution of compressible flow is extensively examined. Using an implicit central difference factored scheme, an improved form of artificial dissipation is introduced which highly reduces the errors due to numerical viscosity. A function of the local Mach number is used to scale the amount of numerical damping added into the solution according to the character of the flow in several flow regimes. The resulting scheme is validated through several inviscid flow test cases.     

Efficient high‐resolution relaxation schemes for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws

In this work, we present a total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme in the zero relaxation limit for nonlinear hyperbolic conservation law using flux limiters within the framework of a relaxation system that converts a nonlinear conservation law into a system of linear convection equations with nonlinear source terms. We construct a numerical flux for space discretization of the obtained relaxation system and modify the definition of the smoothness parameter depending on the direction of the flow so that the scheme obeys the physical property of hyperbolicity. The advantages of the proposed scheme are that it can give second‐order accuracy everywhere without introducing oscillations for 1‐D problems (at least with) smooth initial condition. Also, the proposed scheme is more efficient as it works for any non‐zero constant value of the flux limiter ? ? [0, 1], where other TVD schemes fail. The resulting scheme is shown to be TVD in the zero relaxation limit for 1‐D scalar equations. Bound for the limiter function is obtained. Numerical results support the theoretical results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一类高精度TVD差分格式及其应用

构造了一维非线性双曲型守恒律的一个新的高精度、高分辨率的守恒型TvD差分格式。其构造思想是：首先，将计算区间划分为若干个互不相交的小区间，再根据精度要求等分小区间，通过各细小区间上的单元平均状态变量，重构各细小区间交界面上的状态变量，并加以校正；其次，利用近似Riemann解计算细小区间交界面上的数值通量，并结合高阶Runge—Kutta TVD方法进行时间离散，得到了高精度的全离散方法。证明了该格式的TVD特性。该格式适合于使用分量形式计算而无须进行局部特征分解。通过计算几个典型的问题，验证了格式具有高精度、高分辨率且计算简单的优点。     

Method of relaxed streamline upwinding for hyperbolic conservation laws

In this work a new finite element based Method of Relaxed Streamline Upwinding is proposed to solve hyperbolic conservation laws. Formulation of the proposed scheme is based on relaxation system which replaces hyperbolic conservation laws by semi-linear system with stiff source term also called as relaxation term. The advantage of the semi-linear system is that the nonlinearity in the convection term is pushed towards the source term on right hand side which can be handled with ease. Six symmetric discrete velocity models are introduced in two dimensions which symmetrically spread foot of the characteristics in all four quadrants thereby taking information symmetrically from all directions. Proposed scheme gives exact diffusion vectors which are very simple. Moreover, the formulation is easily extendable from scalar to vector conservation laws. Various test cases are solved for Burgers equation (with convex and non-convex flux functions), Euler equations and shallow water equations in one and two dimensions which demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed scheme. New test cases are proposed for Burgers equation, Euler and shallow water equations. Exact solution is given for two-dimensional Burgers test case which involves normal discontinuity and series of oblique discontinuities. Error analysis of the proposed scheme shows optimal convergence rate. Moreover, spectral stability analysis gives implicit expression of critical time step.     

Methods for extending high-resolution schemes to non-linear systems of hyperbolic conservation laws

In extending high-resolution methods from the scalar case to systems of equations there are a number of options available. These options include working with either conservative or primitive variables, characteristic decomposition, two-step methods, or component-wise extension. In this paper, several of these options are presented and compared in terms of economy and solution accuracy. The characteristic extension with either conservative or primitive variables produces excellent results with all the problems solved. Using primitive variables, the two-step formulation produces high-quality results in a more economical manner. This method can also be extended to multiple dimensions without resorting to dimensional splitting. Proper selection of limiters is also important in non-characteristic extension to systems.     

A general approximate‐state Riemann solver for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with source terms

An approximate‐state Riemann solver for the solution of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws with source terms is proposed. The formulation is developed under the assumption that the solution is made of rarefaction waves. The solution is determined using the Riemann invariants expressed as functions of the components of the flux vector. This allows the flux vector to be computed directly at the interfaces between the computational cells. The contribution of the source term is taken into account in the governing equations for the Riemann invariants. An application to the water hammer equations and the shallow water equations shows that an appropriate expression of the pressure force at the interface allows the balance with the source terms to be preserved, thus ensuring consistency with the equations to be solved as well as a correct computation of steady‐state flow configurations. Owing to the particular structure of the variable and flux vectors, the expressions of the fluxes are shown to coincide partly with those given by the HLL/HLLC solver. Computational examples show that the approximate‐state solver yields more accurate solutions than the HLL solver in the presence of discontinuous solutions and arbitrary geometries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Equivalence conditions between linear Lagrangian finite element and node‐centred finite volume schemes for conservation laws in cylindrical coordinates

A complete set of equivalence conditions, relating the mass‐lumped Bubnov–Galerkin finite element (FE) scheme for Lagrangian linear elements to node‐centred finite volume (FV) schemes, is derived for the first time for conservation laws in a three‐dimensional cylindrical reference. Equivalence conditions are used to devise a class of FV schemes, in which all grid‐dependent quantities are defined in terms of FE integrals. Moreover, all relevant differential operators in the FV framework are consistent with their FE counterparts, thus opening the way to the development of consistent hybrid FV/FE schemes for conservation laws in a three‐dimensional cylindrical coordinate system. The two‐dimensional schemes for the polar and the axisymmetrical cases are also explicitly derived. Numerical experiments for compressible unsteady flows, including expanding and converging shock problems and the interaction of a converging shock waves with obstacles, are carried out using the new approach. The results agree fairly well with one‐dimensional simulations and simplified models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kinetic theory based multi-level adaptive finite difference WENO schemes for compressible Euler equations

In this paper we proposed the kinetic framework based fifth-order adaptive finite difference WENO schemes abbreviated as WENO-AO-K schemes to solve the compressible Euler equations, which are quasi-linear hyperbolic equations that can admit discontinuous solutions like shock and contact waves. The formulation of the proposed schemes is based on the kinetic theory where one can recover the Euler equations by applying a suitable moment method strategy to the Boltzmann equation. The kinetic flux vector splitting strategy is used in WENO-AO framework, which produces the computationally expensive error and exponential functions. Thus, to reduce the computational cost, a physically more relevant peculiar velocity based splitting strategy is used, which is more efficient than the kinetic flux vector splitting. High order of accuracy in time is achieved using the third-order total variation diminishing Runge–Kutta (TVD-RK) scheme. Several one- and two-dimensional test cases are solved for the compressible Euler equations using the proposed fifth-order WENO-AO-K schemes and the results are compared with conventional WENO-AO scheme. Proposed schemes capture the complex flow features in a smooth region accurately, and discontinuity is also well resolved. Error analysis of the proposed schemes shows optimal convergence rates in various norms.     

非线性随机结构动力可靠度的密度演化方法

建议了一类新的非线性随机结构动力可靠度分析方法。基于非线性随机结构反应分析的概率密度演化方法,根据首次超越破坏准则对概率密度演化方程施加相应的边界条件,求解带有初、边值条件的概率密度演化方程,可以给出非线性随机结构的动力可靠度。研究了数值计算技术,建议了具有自适应功能的TVD差分格式。以具有双线型恢复力性质的8层框架结构为例进行了地震作用下的动力可靠度分析,与随机模拟结果的比较表明,所建议的方法具有较高的精度和效率。     

A finite‐volume particle method for conservation laws on moving domains

The paper deals with the finite‐volume particle method (FVPM), a relatively new method for solving hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. A general formulation of the method for bounded and moving domains is presented. Furthermore, an approximation property of the reconstruction formula is proved. Then, based on a two‐dimensional test problem posed on a moving domain, a special Ansatz for the movement of the particles is proposed. The obtained numerical results indicate that this method is well suited for such problems, and thus a first step to apply the FVPM to real industrial problems involving free boundaries or fluid–structure interaction is taken. Finally, we perform a numerical convergence study for a shock tube problem and a simple linear advection equation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A high‐resolution hybrid scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws

A new hybrid scheme is proposed, which combines the improved third‐order weighted essentially non‐oscillatory (WENO) scheme presented in this paper with a fourth‐order central scheme by a novel switch. Two major steps have been gone through for the construction of a high‐performance and stable hybrid scheme. Firstly, to enhance the WENO part of the hybrid scheme, a new reference smoothness indicator has been devised, which, combined with the nonlinear weighting procedure of WENO‐Z, can drive the third‐order WENO toward the optimal linear scheme faster. Secondly, to improve the hybridization with the central scheme, a hyperbolic tangent hybridization switch and its efficient polynomial counterpart are devised, with which we are able to fix the threshold value introduced by the hybridization. The new hybrid scheme is thus formulated, and a set of benchmark problems have been tested to verify the performance enhancement. Numerical results demonstrate that the new hybrid scheme achieves excellent performance in resolving complex flow features, even compared with the fifth‐order classical WENO scheme and WENO‐Z scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Runge–Kutta control volume discontinuous finite element method for systems of hyperbolic conservation laws

In this paper, a new high‐order and high‐resolution method called the Runge–Kutta control volume discontinuous finite element method (RKCVDFEM) was proposed to solve 1D and 2D systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. Its main advantage lies in the local conservation, and it is simpler than the Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (RKDGM). The theoretical analysis showed that the RKCVDFEM has formally an optimal convergence order for 1D systems. Based on logically rectangular grids of irregular quadrilaterals, a scheme for 2D systems was constructed. Some classical problems were simulated and the validity of the method was presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient construction of high‐resolution TVD conservative schemes for equations with source terms: application to shallow water flows

High‐resolution total variation diminishing (TVD) schemes are widely used for the numerical approximation of hyperbolic conservation laws. Their extension to equations with source terms involving spatial derivatives is not obvious. In this work, efficient ways of constructing conservative schemes from the conservative, non‐conservative or characteristic form of the equations are described in detail. An upwind, as opposed to a pointwise, treatment of the source terms is adopted here, and a new technique is proposed in which source terms are included in the flux limiter functions to get a complete second‐order compact scheme. A new correction to fix the entropy problem is also presented and a robust treatment of the boundary conditions according to the discretization used is stated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An adaptive least‐squares method for the compressible Euler equations

An adaptive least‐squares finite element method is used to solve the compressible Euler equations in two dimensions. Since the method is naturally diffusive, no explicit artificial viscosity is added to the formulation. The inherent artificial viscosity, however, is usually large and hence does not allow sharp resolution of discontinuities unless extremely fine grids are used. To remedy this, while retaining the advantages of the least‐squares method, a moving‐node grid adaptation technique is used. The outstanding feature of the adaptive method is its sensitivity to directional features like shock waves, leading to the automatic construction of adapted grids where the element edge(s) are strongly aligned with such flow phenomena. Using well‐known transonic and supersonic test cases, it has been demonstrated that by coupling the least‐squares method with a robust adaptive method shocks can be captured with high resolution despite using relatively coarse grids. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一般形式的二维时—空守恒格式

本文将经作者改进后的一维时－空守恒格式推广到了二维情形，得到了一个一般形式的二维Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程时－空守恒格式，该格式对各种不规则几何区域内的流动问题具有很强的适应性，同时它还保留了一维格式的优点。几个典型算例的计算结果表明，本文格式不仅精度高，通用性好，而且对激波等间断具有很高的分辨率。