含NaI的环氧树脂—PEO互穿网络高分子固体电解质的离子电导研究

制备了含ＮａＩ的环氧树脂－ＰＥＯ４００的ＩＰＮ高分子固体电解质。Ｘ－射线衍射分析表明，这类材料在所研究的范围内呈非晶相。测量了其离子电导率，其最佳室温离子电导率达７．８×１０＾－５Ｓ·ｃｍ＾－１，与含ＮａＣｌＯ４、ＬｉＣｌＯ４的ＩＰＮ材料的电导率相差不多，但比ＮａＩ－ＰＥＯ材料的最佳的室温离子电导率高得多。含ＮａＩ的ＩＰＮ薄膜材料具有机械强度高、粘弹性好、透明度好以及易于成膜等优点。     

压力对含高氯酸锂盐的互穿网络高分子离子导体电导的影响

研究了含ＬｉＣｌＯ４盐的聚氧化烯（ＰＥＯ）４００与环氧树脂所形成的互穿网络系统的非晶高分子膜的电导率随压力（０～４０ＭＰａ）的变化。温度由室温至７０℃，电导率在５ＭＰａ下电导率对压力变化的等温曲线上出现一极大值，超过５ＭＰａ以后，电导率随压力的增加而减小。计算了激活体积，从结晶化学原理和离子沿最小能量途径迁移原理并考虑离子传输通道的微观物理图像解释了压力对样品的电导率和激活体积的影响。     

Zn（ClO_4）_2－DAPTU（MAPTU）－H_2O三元体系30℃时的相平衡研究

测定了三元体系Ｚｎ（ＣｌＯ４）２－Ｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ（Ｌ＝ＤＡＰＴＵ，Ｎ，Ｎ′－二安替比林硫脲；Ｌ＝ＭＡＰＴＵ，Ｎ－甲基－Ｎ′－安替比林硫脲）在３０℃时的溶解度和饱和溶液的折光率，绘制了相应的溶度图和折光率－组成图．体系的溶度曲线和折光率曲线均由３支组成，分别与Ｌ（Ｌ＝ＤＡＰＴＵ，ＭＡＰＴＵ）、Ｚｎ（ＣｌＯ４）２·Ｌ２·ｎＨ２Ｏ（Ｌ＝ＡＰＴＵ．ｎ＝２；Ｌ＝ＭＡＰＴＵ，ｎ＝０）和Ｚｎ（ＣｌＯ４）２·６Ｈ２Ｏ相对应．从溶度图上发现两个未见报道的固液异组成溶解的化合物，经化学分析、元素分析、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ、ＩＲ表征，结果表明，三元化合物Ｚｎ（ＤＡＰＴＵ）２（ＣｌＯ４）２．２Ｈ２Ｏ中ＤＡＰＴＵ是以两个羧基氧与Ｚｎ２＋离子配位，而在二元化合物Ｚｎ（ＭＡＰＴＵ）２（ＣｌＯ４）２中ＭＡＰＴＵ则以氧和硫原子与Ｚｎ（２＋）离子配位。     

温度和压力对六氟二酐型聚酰亚胺的透气性能的影响

本文研究了温度和压力对五种六氟二酐（６ＦＤＡ）型聚酰亚胺膜对Ｈ_２、ＣＯ_２、Ｏ_２、Ｎ_２和ＣＨ_４五种气体透过性能的影响．在３０－１００℃区间，五种聚酰亚胺的透气系数与温度的关系均符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系式；在０．３－１．２ＭＰａ区间，压力对透气系数的影响很小．６ＦＤＡ－４，４＇－二氨基二苯酮（ＤＡＢＰ）和６ＦＤＡ－３，３＇－二甲基二苯甲烷二胺（ＤＭＭＤＡ）在１００℃仍然具有较大的透气选择系数，是比较好的气体分离膜材料．     

高分子凝胶电解质高氯酸锂 - 碳酸乙二醇酯 - 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系的研究

研究了高分子凝胶电解质高氯酸锂 碳酸乙二醇酯 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系（ＬｉＣｌＯ４ ＥＣ ＰＭＭＡ）的离子导电性、热稳定性和电化学稳定性．该体系的离子电导率与温度的关系服从ＶＴＦ方程．当ＬｉＣｌＯ４的浓度ＣＬｉＣｌＯ４＝１５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＰＭＭＡｗｔ％（质量百分数）＝３５时，其离子电导率达极大值δ＝１９２×１０－３Ｓ／ｃｍ，光学透明度高，在空气中的稳定性较好，且具有一定的粘附性．该体系在１０２℃以下的热稳定性较高（失重率为３２８％）；电化学稳定性窗口为４５Ｖ，可满足固态电致变色“Ｓｍａｒｔ”窗的要求．     

高聚物固体电解质聚氧化乙烯－溴化铜复阻抗谱及介电常数的静水压效应

采用分子量５００万的聚氧化乙烯和无水溴化铜，通过混溶蒸发法制备成高聚物固体电解质Ｐ（ＥＯ）ｎ－ＣｕＢｒ２薄膜，并在０．１～３００ＭＰａ范围不同的流体静水压下详细测量其复平面阻抗谱，分别得到在不同压力下离子电导率和介电常数与测量频率的关系．进一步解谱准确地求出Ｐ（ＥＯ）ｎ－ＣｕＢｒ２（ｎ＝１２、１６）薄膜离子电导率和介电常数的静水压效应，并结合Ｘ－光物相分析，根据离子迁移通道的物理图象和高聚物的极化机构进行了初步的讨论．添加２０％的增塑剂碳酸丙烯酯，较大改进了压力下的导电性．１２０～３００ＭＰａ的离子电导率提高一个数量级     

低压离子色谱法在酸雨分析中的应用

低压离子色谱是作者提出的一种新的分析法，可以在１．９６～２．９４×１０＾５Ｐａ低压分析碱金属，碱土金属，过渡金属阳离子，无机阴离子及许多有机酸离子，本文用低压离子色谱法分析了成都地区酸雨中Ｎａ，ＮＨ４，Ｋ＾＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋，Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｆ＾－，Ｃｌ＾－，ＮＯ３＾－，ＳＯ＾２－４等离子，获得了满意的结果。     

高聚物固体电解质聚氧化乙烯－溴化铜复阻抗谱及介电常数的静水压效应

采用分子量５００万的聚氧化乙烯和无水溴化铜，通过混溶蒸发法制备成高聚物固体电解质Ｐ（ＥＯ）ｎ－ＣｕＢｒ２薄膜，并在０．１～３００ＭＰａ范围不同的流体静水压下详细测量其复平面阻抗谱，分别得到在不同压力下离子电导率和介电常数与测量频率的关系．进一步解谱准确地求出Ｐ（ＥＯ）ｎ－ＣｕＢｒ２（ｎ＝１２、１６）薄膜离子电导率和介电常数的静水压效应，并结合Ｘ－光物相分析，根据离子迁移通道的物理图象和高聚物的极化机构进行了初步的讨论．添加２０％的增塑剂碳酸丙烯酯，较大改进了压力下的导电性．１２０～３００ＭＰａ的离子电导率提高一个数量级     

以水滑石为前体的Mg-Al-M复合氧化物对催化消除NOx的活性

通过Ｈ２ＴＰＲ,ＸＲＤ,ＴＧＤＴＡ及比表面积测定等对ＭｇＡｌ水滑石化合物进行了表征,研究了焙烧温度对水滑石物理性质的影响．在此基础上,研究了ＭｇＡｌ水滑石中加入过渡金属（Ｍ）离子后对ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应的催化活性．结果发现,含有Ｃｕ离子的样品对ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应有较高的催化活性,并与ＣｏＡｌＭ的催化性能进行了比较     

Zn（ClO4）2—DAPTU（MAPTU）—H2O三元体系30℃时的相平衡研究

测定了三元体系Ｚｎ（ＣｌＯ４）２－Ｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ（Ｌ＝ＤＡＰＴＵ，Ｎ，Ｎ＇－二安替比林硫脲，Ｌ＝ＭＡＰＴＵ，Ｎ－甲基Ｎ＇－安替比林硫脲）在３０℃时的溶解度和饱和溶液的折学率，绘制了相应的溶度图和折光率、组成图。体系的浓度曲线和折光率曲线均由３支组成，民Ｌ（Ｌ＝ＤＡＰＴＵ，ＭＡＰＴＵ）、Ｚｎ（ＣｌＯ４）２．Ｌ２．ｎＨ２Ｏ（Ｌ＝ＤＡＰＴＵ，ｎ＝２；Ｌ＝ＭＡＰＴＵ，ｎ＝０）和Ｚｎ（ＣｌＯ４）２．６Ｈ２Ｏ相应     

电场对含高氯酸锂盐的互穿网络高分子快离子导体的电导的影响

研究了直流电场对含ＬｉＣｌＯ４的聚氧化乙烯（ＰＥＯ）４００与环氧树脂形成的液晶态互穿网络高分子忆禽子导体的电导率的影响。在室温至９０℃范围内，电导率随外加电压增加面降低。外加电压越高，对电导率变化的影响越大。     

Interfacial reactions of nickel ion containing multilayers and nickel ultra‐thin films with an interpenetrating polymer network substrate

An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) substrate was prepared by dip‐pulling a silicon wafer or glass plate into polymer precursors, followed by solidification at room temperature. The nickel ion containing Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) multilayers was subsequently fabricated onto the IPN substrate by a LB technique, and then the nickel ultra‐thin films were deposited by chemical reduction. The interfacial reactions, the metal transformations and the non‐metal bond types during the film formation were detected by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscope and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of fullerenol-derived elastomers and conductive elastomers

Utilization of polyhydroxylated C₆₀ in a condensation reaction with diisocyanated oligo(tetramethylene oxide) led to the successful fabrication of elastomeric poly(urethane-ether) networks. These polymer networks exhibit interesting thermal behavior at low temperatures, improved tensile strength and elongation at ambient temperatures, and enhanced thermal mechanical stability at high temperatures. Design of conducting elastomers was made by carrying out an in situ polymerization of conductive polymer precursors in an interpenetrating fashion at the near-surface of polyhydroxylated C₆₀-hypercrosslinked elastomers. Results demonstrated that elastomers with an appreciable conductivity while retaining desirable elastic properties of the network can be achieved. The room-temperature conductivity of polyaniline interpenetrated (IPN) conducting elastomer was found to be 2.0 Scm⁻¹. The tensile strength and elongation at break of one conductive IPN elastomer was found to be 20 MPa and 480%, respectively. Interestingly, the strain dependent conductivity of these conducting elastomers was found to increase progressively above 200% of elongation. These results demonstrated, for the first instance, conductivity measurements of organic conducting elastomers at an elongation length of higher than 300%, showing a r.t. conductivity of >4.0 Scm⁻¹.     

含有添加剂及LiClO_4的接枝聚酯网络的离子导电性能研究

研究了碳酸丙烯酯（添加量５％）与γ－丁内酯（添加量１０％）对由数均分子量为８００的聚氧化乙烯（ＰＥＯ８００）大单体交联不饱和聚酯（含ＬｉＣｌＯ４）形成的接枝聚酯网络的离子导电性能影响，发现其电导率主要取决于体系中的ＬｉＣｌＯ４浓度．当［ＥＯ链节］／［Ｌｉ＋］＝３０时，室温电导率达最大值，σ２９８Ｋ＝（４．０—４．５）×１０－５Ｓｃｍ－１．这类接枝聚酯网络的玻璃化转变温度（Ｔｇ）同样取决于盐类浓度，而与网络的交联程度无关．网络中的极性添加剂并不显著影响其交联程度与Ｔｇ，但较大幅度提高离子导电性能，这可能与极性添加剂加速载荷离子在导电通道中的迁移性有关．若在上述接枝网络中引入环氧树脂网络，形成接枝聚合物互穿网络，则成膜后的机械强度有进一步提高，同时具有优良的室温电导率，σ２９８Ｋ＝２．４×１０－５Ｓｃｍ－１。     

(Sodium Alginate/Acrylamide) Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and their Usability on Removal of Lead,Cadmium, Nickel Ions

In this study, (sodium alginate (NaAlg)/acrylamide (AAm)) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) have been prepared at three different compositions, where the sodium alginate composition varies 1, 2, and 3% (w/v) in 50% (w/v) acrylamide solutions. These solutions have been irradiated with a ⁶⁰Co‐γ source at different doses. The percent conversion was determined gravimetrically and 100% gelation was achieved at the 10.0 kGy dose. The swelling results at pH 7.0 and 9.0 indicated that (NaAlg/AAm)3IPN hydrogel, containing 3% NaAlg showed maximum % swelling in water, with swelling increasing in the order of Ni²⁺>Cd²⁺>Pb²⁺. Diffusion in aqueous solutions of metal ions within (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogels was found to be Fickian character. Diffusion coefficients of (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogels in water and aqueous solutions of metal ions were calculated. The maximum weight loss temperature and half life temperature for NaAlg, PAAm, (NaAlg/AAm)IPN and (NaAlg/AAm)IPN‐metal ion systems were found from thermal analysis studies. In the adsorption experiments, the efficiency of (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogels to adsorb nickel, cadmium and lead ions from water was studied. (NaAlg/AAm)IPN hydrogels showed different adsorption for different aqueous solution of metal ion at pH 7.0. Adsorption isotherms were constructed for the (NaAlg/AAm)IPN‐metal ion systems. S type adsorption in the Giles classification system was found.     

含偶氮苯并噻唑发色团的二阶非线性光学互穿网络聚合物

合成了含偶氮苯并噻吩（ＢＴ）发色团的聚氨酯／环氧树脂互穿网络聚合物（ＩＰＮ）,其中聚氨酯网络由（丙烯酸β羟丙酯 ＢＴ ２甲基丙烯酸酯）共聚物与苯酚封闭的双端异氰酸酯的ＢＴ １反应形成,而环氧树脂网络由含环氧基的ＢＴ与含ＢＴ的苯二胺反应形成．同时实施这二种反应即形成ＩＰＮ．ＩＰＮ经红外光谱、凝胶含量测定及ＤＳＣ等表征．其薄膜经１６０℃、８５ｋＶ电晕极化,由可见光谱测量及一维刚性取向气体模型计算得到宏观二阶非线性光学极化系数χ（２）为２１８×１０－７ｅ．ｓ．ｕ．,在１２０℃经２４０ｈ序参数几乎不变．     

Synthesis of a novel one‐pot approach of hyperbranched polyurethanes and their properties

A new method for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers involving the use of AB_x macromonomers containing linear units have been investigated. Two types of novel hyperbranched polyurethanes have been synthesized by a one‐pot approach. The structures of monomers and polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. The hyperbranched polymers have been proven to be extremely soluble in a wide range of solvents. Polymer electrolytes were prepared with hyperbranched polymer, linear polymer as the host, and lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) as the ion source. Analysis of the isotherm conductivity dependence of the ion concentration indicated that these hyperbranched polymers could function as a “solvent” for the lithium salt. The conductivity increased with the increasing concentration of hyperbranched polymers in the host polymer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 344–350, 2002     

New silicone hydrogels based on interpenetrating polymer networks comprising polysiloxane and poly(vinyl alcohol) networks

A method for the synthesis of a new silicone hydrogel as a biphase material for soft contact lenses is considered. The method is based on the synthesis of sequential interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) and includes the following stages: (1) cross‐linked silicone synthesis by the reaction of vinyl‐ and hydride‐containing oligosiloxanes; (2) silicone network saturation with vinyl acetate and cross‐linking monomer followed by UV‐initiated polymerization to form an IPN comprising the silicone and cross‐linked poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) network; (3) PVAc network alcoholysis with methanol to obtain silicone hydrogels comprising the silicone and cross‐linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAl). A study of hydrophilic, optical, mechanical, and structural features of the silicone hydrogels showed that optical transparency is achieved for materials with the highest density of silicone network cross‐linking where the size of IPN structural units does not exceed 100 nm. The water content in hydrophilic networks of silicone hydrogel is found to be below the values typical of cross‐linked PVAl, leading to non‐additivity of IPN mechanical properties. Indeed, the elasticity moduli (E) of the hydrophilic and silicone networks are 0.4–0.7 and 0.7–1.8 MPa, respectively, whereas for some IPN this value reaches 3.0 MPa. The optimal parameters of synthesis providing the reduction of E to 0.8–1.6 MPa without deterioration of the required performance characteristics (optical transparency 90–92%, water content 20–39 wt%) are determined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation and ionic conductivities of the plasticized polymer electrolytes based on poly(methyl methacrylate-co-alkali metal methacrylate)

Ionic conductivities of the polymer electrolytes prepared from the ionomer (poly(methyl methacrylate-co-alkali metal methacrylate)), lithium perchlorate, and ethylene carbonate as a plasticizer, were studied as a function of the ion content and the alkali-metal cation of the ionomer. It was possible to obtain tough films with room-temperature ionic conductivities of ∼ 10^-3 S/cm. The maximum ion conductivities of the polymer electrolytes were obtained at the ion content of 5 mol % for both Li and Na ionomer. The effects of the ion content of the ionomer on the ionic conductivities of the polymer electrolytes were mainly interpreted in terms of the characteristics of the ion aggregate formed in the polymer electrolytes. The thermal dependence of the ionic conductivity was shown to be a non-VTF pattern in some of the polymer electrolytes investigated, which is expected to be due to the presence of the ion aggregate. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.