GEM气体探测器的增益特性

研制一种双层结构的GEM气体探测器用于X射线成像和带电粒子径迹测量.使用铜靶X射线管产生的高能量X射线对其气体放大倍数,电荷传输效率,增益稳定性进行测试.实验结果显示:在入射X射线通量为10⁵Hz/mm²时,双层GEM探测器的有效增益达到10⁴以上,并且具有长时间稳定性.     

三级GEM的性能及多路成像的实验研究

报道研制的三级气体电子倍增器(Triple-GEM)的性能及多路成像的研究结果. 实验测得三级GEM对⁵⁵Fe 5.9keV X射线全能光电峰的最佳能量分辨率为20.2%; 有效增益≥10⁴. 利用96路8mm×8mm的pad及电子数字系统成功实现多路成像.     

一台高计数率GEM X射线成像装置原型

研制一种新型的三层级联倍增GEM气体探测器,其有效增益达到10⁵,用于高亮度X射线成像.设计和制作了的精密的微条读出和信号引出方法,采用高速SCSI接口的机箱控制器及计算机控制系统,用于该探测器的射线定位测量,在此基础上建立了一台GEM-X射线成像装置原型.实验结果显示：在X射线强度为10⁵Hz/mm,其增益稳定性<1%,位置分辨<100μm,并获得了清晰的两维图像.     

GEM探测器与X射线成像实验

使用2个GEM探测器系统,分别用作增益测量和位置分辨测量.用GEM探测器测量铜靶X射线能谱,能量分辨率为21.5%.8keV的X射线入射双层GEM探测器,实验测量x方向位置分辨为64μm,y方向位置分辨为68μm.将科研成果经过精炼、核心提取,为核与粒子物理学科的本科生开设GEM探测器和X射线成像实验,使学生对高能粒子探测技术、数据获取和处理等有整体的理解.     

微间隙室的研制

研制成功了微间隙室,在阳极电压380V时获得气体增益～500,对⁵⁵Fe 5.9keV的X射线的能量分辨率达～14%(FWHM).     

CEE-TPC中GEM读出探测器传输性能实验研究

气体电子倍增器(GEM)因其具有较好的位置分辨以及各项同性的二维结构等优点,近年来受到了广泛的关注,在HIRFL-CSR上正在建设的低温高密核物质测量谱仪(CEE)也计划使用GEM作为TPC的读出探测器。不同电场条件下GEM探测器的传输特性对探测器的有效增益及能量分辨有较大影响。文中研究了单层GEM探测器中漂移区电场及感应区电场对探测器传输特性的影响;随后研究了双层GEM探测器的电压分配及传输区电场对探测器电荷传输性能的影响。结果表明,在单层及多层GEM探测器中,漂移区电场、传输区电场及感应区电场主要通过改变电子透过率和GEM雪崩电场强度及分布影响探测器的电荷传输性能,进而影响探测器的有效增益及能量分辨。以上实验结果表明GEM探测器是CEE-TPC读出探测器的理想选择,同时测试结果也为TPC中多层级联GEM工作点的选择提供了参考依据。     

三级GEM探测器的增益一致性实验研究

随着二维GEM气体探测器在X射线成像探测领域的应用, 三级GEM的探测结构和电场均匀性带来的增益一致性修正问题, 成为需要深入研究的课题内容。 介绍了有效探测面积为100 mm×100 mm的三级倍增GEM探测器, 共采用100路阵列读出, 每路读出Pad面积为9.5 mm×9.5 mm。 测量了55Fe放射源准直入射的全能峰谱。 实验表明, 随着时间的变化, 探测器的增益基本上保持稳定; 随气流的增大, 增益由变化明显到变化不大。 GEM探测器各个阵列单元的增益一致性良好（>80%）; 能量分辨率在0.18～0.22之间, 运用最小二乘法拟合给出增益一致性的修正结果, 修正后相差约0.1, 为GEM气体探测器的增益一致性修正方法提供了参考方案。 With the application of the two dimensional GEM gaseous detector in X ray imaging, the correction method of gain uniformity caused by triple GEM avalanche structures and electric field uniformity should be studied. The paper reported the study of the triple GEM detector with effective area 100 mm×100 mm used the Pad’s size of 9.5 mm×9.5 mm. In the test, 100 readout channels were designed. Results showed that gain remained stable over time; as air flow increases, gain from increases obviously to changes very little. Particularly, triple GEM’s gain uniformity was very good (more than 80%) and the range of energy resolution was from 0.18 to 0.22. To improve gain consistency of results, the difference value revised was obtained to be about 0.1 by the least square method. It provided a better method to improve gain uniformity of GEM detector.     

高增益型气体电子倍增微网结构探测器的性能研究

随着微结构气体探测器的不断发展, 不同的探测需求相继提出.为了实现气体探测器在高增益和低打火率的条件下长时间稳定工作, 结合气体电子倍增器(GEM)与微网结构气体探测器(MicroMegas)的探测优势, 成功研制出一种基于GEM作为预放大的MicroMegas探测器, 详细介绍了探测器结构和工作原理, 并利用⁵⁵Fe放射源对探测器增益、打火率、能量分辨和工作稳定性等性能进行了实验测量. 分析结果显示GEM-MicroMegas探测器可以连续工作30 h 以上, 探测器增益可以超过10⁶, 相对于无GEM膜的MicroMegas探测器, 相同增益下打火率可以降低近100倍. 关键词： 微网结构气体探测器 能量分辨率 增益 打火率     

微通道板光子计数成像探测器预处理实验研究

微通道板光子计数成像探测器是嫦娥三号极紫外相机的关键成像器件,嫦娥三号极紫外相机被用于探测地球等离子层中极微弱的He⁺共振散射辐射,为了消除微通道板内部吸附的残余气体产生的离子反馈等背景噪音对探测器微弱信号成像性能的影响,需要对微通道板进行预处理.预处理包括高温真空烘烤和紫外光电子清刷.根据预处理的实验要求,设计了一套微通道板预处理装置,为微通道板预处理实验提供高真空环境和高温加热及保温功能.本文详细介绍了微通道板预处理实验的实现过程,对三片Z型级联的微通道板进行预处理实验后,背景噪音由27.09 counts/s·cm²降低为0.53 counts/s·cm²、空间分辨率达到125 μm,上述实验结果表明MCP在预处理之后其表面、亚表面和体内吸附的杂质气体得以有效去除,获得了稳定的增益,成像性能也得以改善.     

空间硬X射线编码孔成像望远镜样机的研制及初步实验结果

介绍了研制的一台空间硬X射线编码孔成像望远镜样机, 使用的位置灵敏探测器为CdZnTe半导体阵列探测器, 面积50mm×50mm, 位置分辨1.6mm. 码板材料为钨铁镍合金, 厚度0.7mm, 码元素尺寸3.2mm×3.2mm. 介绍了码板的编码技术、光学设计和图像重建方法. 实验室测定了样机的性能, 探测器对59.54keV(²⁴¹Am)的能量分辨率为11.6%. 成像实验对单个伽玛射线源的定位 精度为0.12°, 双源角分辨好于0.42°.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.