Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Simultaneous Thermal Infrared Invisibility and Holographic Illusion

In 1860s, Gustav Kirchhoff proposed his famous law of thermal radiation, setting a fundamental contradiction between the infrared reflection and thermal radiation. Here, for the first time an ultrathin plasmonic metasurface is proposed to simultaneously produce ultralow specular reflection and infrared emission across a broad spectrum and wide incident angle range by combining the low emission nature of metal and the photonic spin–orbit interaction in spatially inhomogeneous structures. As a proof‐of‐concept, a phase gradient metasurface composed of sub‐wavelength metal gratings is designed and experimentally characterized in the infrared atmosphere window of 8–14 µm, demonstrating an ultralow specular reflectivity and infrared emissivity below 0.1. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that infrared illusion could be generated by the metasurface, enabling not only invisibility for thermal and laser detection, but also multifunctionalities for potential applications. This technology is also scalable across a wide range of electromagnetic spectrum and provides a feasible alternative for surface coating.     

Multifunctional Dielectric Metasurfaces Consisting of Color Holograms Encoded into Color Printed Images

A hologram records the wavefront of light from an object, but it is usually not an image itself, and looks unintelligible under diffuse ambient light. Here a new paradigm to encode a color hologram onto a color printed image is experimentally demonstrated. The printed image can be directly viewed under white light illumination, while a low‐crosstalk color holographic image can be seen when the device is illuminated with red (R), green (G), and blue (B) laser beams. The device is a dielectric metasurface that consists of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) cones on a glass substrate. The dimensions of the TiO₂ cones are chosen to allow them to support visible‐wavelength resonances, thereby producing the desired reflection spectra and thus the color printed image. The detour phase method is furthermore used to encode the hologram into the metasurface. The approach is conceptually different from previously demonstrated color printed images or holograms and presents opportunities for optical document security and data storage applications.     

微光图像随机瞬态激光增强技术研究

以改善微光电视图像质量和增加夜视系统所获取的战场信息量为目标,提出了微光图像随机瞬态增强技术。并设计了伪随机瞬态激光发射及近红外激光 视图像同步捕促控制电路。该技术能在现有条件下显著提高被动微成像系统输出图像对比度,提高了微光夜视 效视距。     

圆偏振光偏振复用激光通讯系统

提出了一种采用圆偏振光的偏振复用通讯系统。其基本设想是信号光在空间中以左 旋和右旋圆偏振光的形式进行传播,在接收端将这两种偏振光区分并分别接收。本文详细论证了在两个相对运动点之间采用圆偏振光实现偏振复用激光通讯的可行性。     

可用于印刷品防伪的数字水印算法

文献已报道多种可用于印刷品防伪的数字水印算法。由于打印/扫描过程的特殊性,使得其中有些算法的水印检测效果达不到实用要求。文章在研究打印/扫描对数字图像所引起的失真的规律基础上,提出了一种在离散傅里叶变换(DFT)域实现的、可用于印刷品防伪的数字水印嵌入算法。实验结果表明:不需原始图像,即可检测出用此算法嵌入印刷图像中的不可见标记。     

All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces for Simultaneous Giant Circular Asymmetric Transmission and Wavefront Shaping Based on Asymmetric Photonic Spin–Orbit Interactions

The control of polarization and wavefront plays an important role in many optical systems. In this work, a monolayer metasurface is proposed to simultaneously realize circular asymmetric transmission (AT) and wavefront shaping based on asymmetric spin–orbit interactions. Circularly polarized incidence, accompanied with arbitrary wavefront modulation, experiences spin‐selected destructive or constructive interference. An extinction ratio of ≈10:1 and an AT parameter of ≈0.69 at 9.6 µm, as well as a full width half‐maximum of ≈2.9 µm (≈30% of the peak wavelength), are measured with the designed metasurface. These measured results are more than four times of those achieved with previous monolayer chiral structures. As far as it is known, this is the first report on the realization of simultaneous giant AT and arbitrary wavefront modulation with only one metasurface. Due to its fabrication simplicity and the multifunctionality of the designed metasurface, this work may provide a promising route to replace bulky cascading optical components with only one ultrathin metasurface for chiroptical spectroscopy, chiral imaging, optical communication, and so forth.     

基于多尺度分解的k邻域随机查找快速图像修复

该文提出一种基于多尺度分解的k邻域随机查找快速图像修复方法。基于双边滤波下采样分解图像,从图像最粗糙层开始,对每一粗糙层采用基于最小堆的k邻域随机查找算法快速搜索最佳匹配块,利用鲁棒优先级函数确定下一待修复块。每一粗糙层修复后用双边滤波上采样重建下一粗糙层,迭代得到最终的修复结果。与相关工作比较,所提方法的修复结果能够保持图像的细节和边缘信息,取得更高的修复质量。利用客观指标评价修复结果。实验结果表明该方法有效易行,修复的图像具有良好的可视效果。     

A Subtractive Photoresist Platform for Micro‐ and Macroscopic 3D Printed Structures

The selective removal of structural elements plays a decisive role in 3D printing applications enabling complex geometries. To date, the fabrication of complex structures on the microscale is severely limited by multistep processes. Herein, a subtractive photoresist platform technology that is transferable from microscopic 3D printing via direct laser writing to macroscopic structures via stereolithography is reported. All resist components are readily accessible and exchangeable, offering fast adaptation of the resist's property profile. The micro‐ and macroprinted structures can be removed in a facile fashion, without affecting objects based on standard photoresists. The cleavage is analyzed by time‐lapse optical microscopy as well as via in‐depth spectroscopic assessment. The mechanical properties of the printed materials are investigated by nanoindentation. Critically, the power of the subtractive resist platform is demonstrated by constructing complex 3D objects with flying features on the microscale.     

激光辅助照明主动近红外成像系统

研制了一种激光辅助照明主动近红外成像组件。该组件使用半导体激光光纤耦合器件作为夜视光源,通过其在暗场自然环境下的成像验证了光源补光性能和选用的CCD芯片对特定波段光源具有较高的响应度。该组件可实现全天候成像,不受外界照度的制约,可广泛应用于科研、监控等领域。     

Charge Transport in High-Mobility Field-Effect Transistors Based on Inkjet Printed Random Networks of Polymer Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Printed random networks of polymer-wrapped multi-chiral semiconducting carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are an opportunity for mass-manufacturable, high-performance large-area electronics. To meet this goal, a deeper understanding of charge-transport mechanisms in such mixed networks is crucial. Here, charge transport in field-effect transistors based on inkjet-printed s-SWCNTs networks is investigated, obtaining direct evidence for the phases probed by charge in the accumulated channel, which is critical information to rationalize the different transport properties obtained for different printing conditions. In particular, when the fraction of nanotubes with smaller bandgaps is efficiently interconnected, the sparse network provides efficient charge percolation for band-like transport, with a charge mobility as high as 20.2 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹. However, when the charges are forced by a less efficient morphology, to populate also higher bandgap nanotubes and and/or the wrapping polymer, thermally activated transport takes place and mobility drops. As a result, a trade-off between network density and charge transport properties is identified for device current optimization, in both p- and n-type regimes. These findings shed light on the fundamental aspects related to charge transport in printed s-SWCNT mixed networks and contribute to devise appropriate strategies for the formulation of inks and processes towards cost-effective mass production schemes of high-performance large-area electronics.     

Metallic Architectures from 3D‐Printed Powder‐Based Liquid Inks

A new method for complex metallic architecture fabrication is presented, through synthesis and 3D‐printing of a new class of 3D‐inks into green‐body structures followed by thermochemical transformation into sintered metallic counterparts. Small and large volumes of metal‐oxide, metal, and metal compound 3D‐printable inks are synthesized through simple mixing of solvent, powder, and the biomedical elastomer, polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA). These inks can be 3D‐printed under ambient conditions via simple extrusion at speeds upwards of 150 mm s^–1 into millimeter‐ and centimeter‐scale thin, thick, high aspect ratio, hollow and enclosed, and multi‐material architectures. The resulting 3D‐printed green‐bodies can be handled immediately, are remarkably robust, and may be further manipulated prior to metallic transformation. Green‐bodies are transformed into metallic counterparts without warping or cracking through reduction and sintering in a H₂ atmosphere at elevated temperatures. It is shown that primary metal and binary alloy structures can be created from inks comprised of single and mixed oxide powders, and the versatility of the process is illustrated through its extension to more than two dozen additional metal‐based materials. A potential application of this new system is briefly demonstrated through cyclic reduction and oxidation of 3D‐printed iron oxide constructs, which remain intact through numerous redox cycles.     

355nm和1064nm全固态激光器刻蚀印刷线路板

采用输出功率8 W的355 am Nd:YVO4紫外激光器和50 w的1064 nm Nd'YAG激光器对覆铜板(CCL)和柔性线路板(FPC)进行了刻蚀实验,研究了激光功率密度、重复频率、扫描速度和单脉冲能量等加工工艺参数对刻蚀质量的影响.实验结果表明,由于铜和聚合物材料对紫外激光有更高的吸收率,紫外波段的激光只需要较低的能量就可以将表面铜层刻蚀完全,并且引起的热作用也较小.相反,红外激光加工最大的优势就是对环氧树脂和聚酰亚胺基板的破坏较小,从而适合于表面铜层的去除加工.与此同时,355 nm紫外激光器由于能快速轻易地将厚聚合物基板分离,更适合于印刷线路板(PCB)的切割成型加工.     

基于约束随机分块的NMF图像哈希算法

基于非负矩阵分解(Non-negative Matrix Factorization, NMF)的图像哈希(image hashing)算法对图像有损压缩,低通滤波、尺度拉伸等处理具有很好的稳健性,但对图像旋转比较敏感。为此,该文在对NMF哈希算法的分块模式进行深入研究的基础上,提出一种可抗旋转攻击的NMF图像哈希算法。该方法通过对随机分块的区域进行限制,并选择合适的分块尺寸来减轻旋转攻击对图像造成的不良影响,从而提高了特征的旋转稳健性。实验表明,所提出的图像哈希算法在保持原NMF哈希算法对其它攻击稳健性的同时,能有效地抵抗旋转攻击。     

Tailoring 3D Printed Micro-Structured Carbons for Adsorption

The manufacture of tailored carbon-based adsorbent structures with exceptionally low-pressure drops and improved kinetics using stereolithographic 3D printing is presented. Adsorbent structures are printed from commercial resins with square, circular, and hexagonal cross-sectional microchannels. These structures can reduce energy use by 50–95% compared to conventional carbon-packed beds. The activated 3D printed carbon achieves Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas over 1000 m² g⁻¹ and shows outstanding butane adsorption capacities, over twice the capacity of a commercial carbon and a comparable capacity to phenolic-based carbons. The structures also show excellent uptakes of cyclohexane, up to 0.62 g g⁻¹ in a saturated feed. The introduction of complex axial geometries including spirals and chevrons enable superior adsorption kinetics and premature breakthrough of contaminants at high gas flow rates. These results demonstrate the success of intelligent manufacturing of low-pressure drop, high-capacity micro-structured adsorbents, allowing for the development of gas separation technologies for applications such as greenhouse gas removal and respiratory protection.     

利用帧积分法去除微光图像噪声研究

在微光成像中，迭加在图像上的时空域噪声，不仅限制了系统可工作的最低照度，而且使显示图像具有随机蠕动颗粒闪烁的外观。图像处理技术能够提高图像质量，增强微光成像系统作用距离。实验证明，帧积分法对光子噪声以及系统内部信息载流子产生与复合所引起的散粒噪声的抑制具有十分有效的作用。     

Controlling Kinetic Quenching Depth Toward High-Performance and Photo-Stable Organic Solar Cells Printed from a Non-Halogenated Solvent

The investigation of drying dynamics and kinetic quenching depth related degradation of high-performance photoactive materials with scalable coating techniques demands significant research attention. Herein, film formation kinetics regulated crystallinity, preferential orientation and vertical phase separation of the active layers is revealed, which then further affects exciton diffusion, dissociation, charge-transport and recombination processes. By suppressing over aggregation/crystallization in slow drying process and overcoming quenching of disordered liquid phase in fast-dried films, the optimized PM6:BTP-eC9-based organic solar cells  obtain power conversion efficiencies  up to 16.81%. In addition, photoluminescence lifetime distribution is found to be an alternative probe for kinetic quenching depth that governs the degradation rate. This study provides valuable insights into the control of thin film formation kinetics during scalable processing and develops an effective way to associate the kinetic quenching depth with morphological degradation for mechanistic understanding of long-term stability.     

中波红外激光器的光束指向红外图像检测法

由于中波红外(3～5μm)探测器在军事上的广泛应用,基于中波红外激光器的定向红外发射装置已经成为发展的重点,而其中的激光束指向稳定性就成为非常重要的参数。对于一种光学参量振荡(OPO)产生的中波红外激光器进行了指向稳定性的测试,测试采用了中波红外成像系统及边缘提取与阈值的图像算法,获得了此种激光器的指向稳定性数据。实验结果表明,此激光器在常温下的最大指向偏移量为1.1mrad,平均值为0.3mrad。激光二极管(LD)抽运源晶体及非线性OPO晶体的温控还有进一步提高的可能性。研究结果将为中波红外激光器的研制、光束整形与光束指向测量与稳定技术提供参考。     

多用户MIMO系统下行链路的随机多波束复用技术

该文提出了一种随机多波束多用户复用技术,充分利用多用户分集以及基站多天线的空间自由度来提高系统吞吐量。不同于传统的随机波束形成技术,该技术首先在给定预编码码本内随机选取一个码字,然后调度多个空分复用用户以及其余预编码矩阵。该文采用了一种逐次调度的方式,第一次训练调度一个主发送用户并确定一个次发送预编码矩阵,通过第二次训练选择次发送用户,这种方式能以很小的反馈开销有效控制复用用户之间的相互干扰。同时,该文所提技术能进一步推广到用户具有不同天线配置的异构情形。仿真结果表明,该文技术在具有不同相关性的信道环境下都能获得较优的系统吞吐量。