高功率固体激光放大系统相位自校正方法研究

就光学元件间低频相位误差叠加提出用相关系数作为叠加相位结果的估计参量，并通过模拟计算和验证实验证明了相关系数能有效地对低频相位叠加结果进行比较估计，在此基础上就高功率固体激光放大系统中放大片的选取和安装提出了自校正方法并实现了自校正过程。     

平场全息凹面光栅结构参量误差之间的补偿作用

平场全息凹面光栅的制作和使用中不可避免地存在结构参量误差,包括曲率半径误差、制作结构误差以及使用结构误差.利用光线追迹方法研究了像宽随波长的变化曲线与子午焦线的对应变化关系,有助于光谱仪的设计和装调.通过分析各种结构参量误差对像宽曲线的影响发现,在较大误差范围内,光栅参量误差对子午焦线的影响作用为平移作用和倾斜作用.数...     

一种基于哈特曼传感器的角锥棱镜检测方法

在使用角锥棱镜前对其进行检测,选取误差较小的棱镜是一项关系到整个测量工作结果的重要任务。因此,提出一种用哈特曼波前传感器全面检测角锥棱镜角度误差和面形误差的技术方案,从理论上分析了哈特曼法的测量原理,深入研究了光经过角锥棱镜后的波面重建,给出了波面特征与角锥棱镜误差参量之间的关系。在试验中验证了这种方法的正确性和可行性。     

聚焦光束大气传输光束扩展定标规律的数值分析

选取多种典型激光传输条件下的计算参量，对平台光束聚焦大气传输湍流热晕相互作用引起的光束扩展进行了数值分析.热畸变的产生是在快速变化的湍流扩束作用之后，在此假定的基础上，建立了描述聚焦光束大气传输光束扩展与大气传输特征物理参量的定标关系.在了解激光发射系统的特征参量和大气传输效应的特征参量之后，即可由定标关系迅速判断激光大气传输的效果，从而为激光工程系统的参量优化设计及其应用效能评估提供依据. 关键词： 湍流效应 热晕效应 光束扩展 定标规律     

中子—质子形状因子参量与三秩可分势参量的改进

中子—质子形状因子参量与三秩可分势参量的改进汪尊伟（徽州师专黄山２４５０２１）柳继锋（广西师大桂林５４１００４）在质子—质子碰撞的实验资料里［１］［２］，发现其数据的误差相对很小、很可靠，且也易于获得。但中子—质子碰撞的数据却并非如此，而是十分不确定...     

用光栅的正负一级能量之比测体积相位全息光栅参量

提出利用光栅衍射级次正负一〖WTBX〗级的能量之比(w+1/w－1),结合模拟退火优化算法来反演出光栅参量的一种方法.用正负一级的能量之比来弱化实际光栅表面存在的粗糙、周期畸变、介质折射率分布不均匀等误差,保证光栅参量的准确反演.在反演体积相位全息光栅参量的实验中,反演出的光栅参量与真值的误差不超过1%.证明了该法的正确性和可行性.同时此方法具有非破坏性,测量简单,操作方便,稳定性好等特点.     

一种独立于激发光脉冲参量的磷光寿命测量方法

脉冲法磷光寿命测量中，激发光脉冲参量（脉冲宽度和形状）、用于磷光强度衰减分析的起始时刻的选取是影响寿命计算准确度的关键因素。以线性时不变系统理论为依据，探讨了磷光强度衰减特性与激发光脉冲参量之间的关系，发现对于有限宽度的激发光，激发光脉冲消失之后的磷光强度衰减特性独立于激发光脉冲参量；选取激发光脉冲消失时刻作为磷光强度衰减分析的起始时刻，可获得准确的寿命计算。利用磷光探针氧卟啉（Oxy-PhorR2）标准试样做了针对性实验，实验结果验证了理论的正确性。     

一种相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法

对相位调制拍频信号随信号光频率变化规律进行分析,发现拍频信号相位参量的频谱包含两个在值域上彼此分开的单调边缘,表明利用拍频信号的相位参量可以进行多普勒频移测量.如果利用拍频信号振幅参量对出射激光进行工作点锁定,其多普勒频移测量范围是Fabry-Perot干涉仪边缘技术的两倍.理论分析拍频信号振幅和相位参量的提取方法,表明基于此拍频信号相位参量的测量方法无需进行信号光能量检测,与Fabry-Perot边缘技术方法相比,结构更简单,且少了一条外部噪音混入的通道.为了对该多普勒频移测量方法定量分析和参量优化,利用误差合成原理以及计算机仿真,推导出其测量误差公式.根据测量原理搭建了实验系统,用频率可调光纤激光器的输出光模拟多普勒频移信号光进行测量,结果表明鉴频参量及其误差分布曲线的测量结果与理论分析相符合.     

透过检测中的准直镜精度容限

在干涉检验过程中,被检元件的面形误差检测精度受到干涉仪系统结构的影响,从而降低测量结果的可靠性。为了得到较高的检测精度,必须对检测系统进行分析,建立测量误差和系统结构的关联度。根据菲涅耳衍射近似理论,就菲佐干涉仪中的准直镜和标准镜面形误差对透过检测的影响进行了研究。通过对波前相位传递情况的分析,得出波前误差和系统结构参量的相关性,去除空腔系统误差,优化结构参量,并建立准直镜误差容限表达式。经计算得出,当被检面形变误差为0.2λ时,测试误差可以达到0.02λ,而对准直镜的面形误差要求只需0.8λ。     

双目立体视觉测距系统误差模型的研究

针对双目立体视觉测距中产生误差的问题,分析了系统中的各个参量,并建立了双目立体视觉测距系统的误差模型。得出引起测量系统误差最大的两个参量是CCD摄像头的对准程度和测量的距离;在视场中心的距离测量精度低,边缘测量精度高,在视场中心的水平和纵向的测量精度却远高于在边缘的测量精度两个结论。基于本文建立的误差模型可以指导适用于具体应用场合的双目立体视觉测距系统的设计。     

一种双目立体视觉系统的误差分析方法

基于摄像机透视成像的针孔模型,分析了立体视觉中摄像机标定和三维重建过程的主要误差来源。基于各主要误差源的模型分析,建立了双目视觉系统3D测量误差与摄像机参数、基线长度、测量距离等因素之间的关系式。如已知相关参数,可以估算出双目视觉系统的3D测量精度,或根据3D测量精度要求,初步确定摄像机的内部各项参数和基线长度、测量距离等参数。     

A sensitivity study on spectroscopic parameter accuracies for a mm/sub-mm limb sounder instrument

The purpose of this paper is to perform a detailed error analysis for a mm/sub-mm limb sounding instrument with respect to spectroscopic parameters. This is done in order to give some insight into the most crucial spectroscopic parameters and to work out a list of recommendations for measurements that would yield the largest possible benefit for an accurate retrieval. The investigations cover a variety of spectroscopic line parameters, such as line intensity, line position, air and self broadening parameters and their temperature exponents, and pressure shift. The retrieval process is performed with the optimal estimation method (OEM). The OEM allows one to perform an assessment of the total statistical error, as well as of the model parameter error, such as the error coming from spectroscopic parameters. The instrument parameters assumed are those of the MASTER instrument studied by the European Space Agency, one of the candidate instruments for a future atmospheric chemistry mission. However, the same principle and method of analysis can be applied to any other millimeter/sub-millimeter limb sounding instrument, for instance the Japanese instrument JEM/SMILES, the Swedish instrument Odin, and the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder. We find that an uncertainty in the intensity of the strong lines give an error of similar magnitude on the retrieved species to which the lines belong. Uncertainties in the line position have overall a small impact on the retrieval, indicating that the line positions are known with sufficient accuracy. The air broadening parameters and their temperature exponents of a few strong lines dominate the error budget. On the other hand, the self broadening parameters and the pressure shifts are found to have a rather small impact on the retrieval.     

Uncertainty analysis in matched-field geoacoustic inversions

Quantifying uncertainty for parameter estimates obtained from matched-field geoacoustic inversions using a Bayesian approach requires estimation of the uncertainties in the data due to ambient noise as well as modeling errors. In this study, the variance parameter of the Gaussian error model, hereafter called error variance, is assumed to describe the data uncertainty. In practice, this parameter is not known a priori, and choosing a particular value is often difficult. Hence, to account for the uncertainty in error variance, several methods are introduced for implementing both the full and empirical Bayesian approaches. A full Bayesian approach that permits uncertainty of the error variance to propagate through the parameter estimation processes is a natural way of incorporating the uncertainty of error variance. Due to the large number of unknown parameters in the full Bayesian uncertainty analysis, an alternative, the empirical Bayesian approach, is developed, in which the posterior distributions of model parameters are conditioned on a point estimate of the error variance. Comparisons between the full and empirical Bayesian inferences of model parameters are presented using both synthetic and experimental data.     

Numerically accurate computational techniques for optimal estimator analyses of multi-parameter models

Modelling unclosed terms in partial differential equations typically involves two steps: First, a set of known quantities needs to be specified as input parameters for a model, and second, a specific functional form needs to be defined to model the unclosed terms by the input parameters. Both steps involve a certain modelling error, with the former known as the irreducible error and the latter referred to as the functional error. Typically, only the total modelling error, which is the sum of functional and irreducible error, is assessed, but the concept of the optimal estimator enables the separate analysis of the total and the irreducible errors, yielding a systematic modelling error decomposition. In this work, attention is paid to the techniques themselves required for the practical computation of irreducible errors. Typically, histograms are used for optimal estimator analyses, but this technique is found to add a non-negligible spurious contribution to the irreducible error if models with multiple input parameters are assessed. Thus, the error decomposition of an optimal estimator analysis becomes inaccurate, and misleading conclusions concerning modelling errors may be drawn. In this work, numerically accurate techniques for optimal estimator analyses are identified and a suitable evaluation of irreducible errors is presented. Four different computational techniques are considered: a histogram technique, artificial neural networks, multivariate adaptive regression splines, and an additive model based on a kernel method. For multiple input parameter models, only artificial neural networks and multivariate adaptive regression splines are found to yield satisfactorily accurate results. Beyond a certain number of input parameters, the assessment of models in an optimal estimator analysis even becomes practically infeasible if histograms are used. The optimal estimator analysis in this paper is applied to modelling the filtered soot intermittency in large eddy simulations using a dataset of a direct numerical simulation of a non-premixed sooting turbulent flame.     

基于高光谱成像的苹果多品质参数同时检测

利用高光谱空间散射曲线的3个洛伦兹拟合参数对苹果的品质(硬度、可溶性固溶物含量)进行同时检测。采用偏最小二乘,逐步多元线性回归和BP神经网络3种方法,对归一化处理和未归一化处理的3个洛伦兹参数组合分别建立苹果品质的预测模型。结果表明:采用偏最小二乘法对未归一化处理参数的组合建立硬度的预测模型其预测结果最好,校正组相关系数Rc=0.93,校正标准差SEC=0.56,验证组相关系数Rv=0.84,验证标准差SEV=0.94。采用偏最小二乘法对归一化处理参数的组合建立可溶性固形物的预测模型其预测结果最好,Rc=0.95,SEC=0.29,Rv=0.83,SEV=0.63。研究结果表明:利用高光谱空间散射曲线的多拟合参数组合可以同时检测苹果的多品质参数。     

多参数背景场误差模型在散射计资料台风风场反演中的应用

利用散射计资料反演海面风场时, 台风区域普遍存在降雨使得风场反演误差很大, 引入降雨地球物理模型函数 (GMF+Rain) 及多解方案 (MSS), 结合二维变分(2DVAR) 模糊去除思想风速反演误差很大程度减小, 但风向反演误差仍有待进一步改善, 如何进一步减小风向反演误差有待进一步研究. 文章介绍了2DVAR模糊去 除方法的基本思想, 针对背景场误差较大时, 2DVAR模糊去除风向误差较大, 引入包含若干参数的背景场误差模型. 基于台风个例数值试验结果, 着重从理论分析角度讨论各参数关于2DVAR模糊去除效果的敏感性, 进而提出最优参数设置方案以改善风向模糊去除效果. 2006年“摩羯”台风QuikSCAT数据风场反演数值试验结果结合理论分析表明: 引入多参数误差模型, 通过设置粗糙误差概率等于0, 2DVAR风向模糊去除效果明显改善; 同时, 背景场的影响可通过增大背景场误差方差, 减小背景场误差相关尺度和减小粗糙误差概率而减小, 进而减小在背景场误差较大情况下的风向反演误差. 关键词： 台风风场反演 二维变分 多参数误差模型 散射计资料     

存在通道幅相与互耦两种误差的均匀圆环阵流形曲线拟合方法

针对实际装配后均匀圆环阵的阵列流形向量偏离理论值的问题,提出一种利用单声源从不同方位入射阵列时的阵列幅度相位响应拟合阵列流形模型的算法。考虑阵列存在通道幅度相位一致性偏差和阵元间互耦作用,导出阵列幅度相位响应与流形误差参数的关系式,利用互耦矩阵在模态域可与阵列流形分离的特性,将关于误差参数的关系式降次为线性方程组,再联合多个方位对误差参数做最小二乘估计。对于只存在其中一种误差的特例情况,给出了对应高精度、低复杂度的估计方法。最后,利用数值仿真对所提方法的拟合精度进行评估,拟合后的阵列流形误差距离缩减至10^-2量级,水池实验数据也验证了算法在实际应用中的可行性。     

A note on estimating drift and diffusion parameters from timeseries

Estimating the deterministic drift and stochastic diffusion parameters from discretely sampled data is fraught with the potential for error. We derive a simple way of estimating the error due to the finite sampling rate in these parameters for a univariate system using a straightforward application of the Itô–Taylor expansion. The error is calculated up to first order in the finite sampling time increment Δt. We then compare the approximate results with the analysis of numerically generated timeseries where the answer is known. Furthermore, a meteorological real world example is discussed.     

Error Analysis for a Non-Monotone FEM for a Singularly Perturbed Problem with Two Small Parameters

In this paper, we consider a singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problem. The problem involves two small parameters that gives rise to two boundary layers at two endpoints of the domain. For this problem, a non-monotone finite element methods is used. A priori error bound in the maximum norm is obtained. Based on the a priori error bound, we show that there exists Bakhvalov-type mesh that gives optimal error bound of$\mathcal{O}(N^{−2})$ which is robust with respect to the two perturbation parameters. Numerical results are given that confirm the theoretical result.     

400 mm口径平面窗口元件中频误差控制技术

针对高功率激光装置所需的大口径光学元件,进行了小工具数控抛光中频误差控制工艺研究。对数控加工过程中卷积效应对中频误差的影响进行分析,并建立了残余误差分析模型,对卷积效应所引入的残余误差进行定量分析。利用该模型对中频误差修正工艺参数进行了仿真分析,并进行了修正工艺参数实验验证,确定了全面匀滑最优化参数。在最优化工艺参数的基础上,针对大口径光学元件开展了数控抛光中频误差控制工艺实验验证,使400 mm口径平面窗口元件加工精度达到透射波前PV值为0.27,透射波前PSD1 RMS值为1.67 nm。该实验结果表明,通过400 mm口径平面窗口元件的中频PSD1控制技术研究,使窗口元件能够达到高功率激光装置对中频PSD1的指标要求。