应力比R对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

1. 前言疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dN) 不仅是表征材质抗疲劳断裂性能的重要指标,而且是损伤容限设计必不可少的基本参数。本文主要讨论恒幅疲劳裂纹扩展速率在10~(-3)-10~(-5)mm/cycle范围内所受应力比R的影响。目前国内外对这个问题的看法分歧较大,Ritchie在1977年的文章中认为影响较小,而1981年的文章中又改变了这种观点。我们在完成的《航空金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展速率数据汇编》中对七种材料、23种状态各测试了三种不同R的da/dN,得到了一些有意义的结果,为工程设计提供了部分依据;同时证明用有效参数法处理铝合金的R对da/dN的影响是可行的。     

拉伸载荷下表面裂纹疲劳扩展规律的试验研究

本文用LY12-R板材进行了表面裂纹疲劳扩展试验。对试验技术及数据处理中的若干同题:铝合金的勾线方法、不勾线的直读法、勾线过程中循环次数的处理、da|dN·dc|dN的计算方法等进行了研究。对拉伸疲劳下的回复现象进行了观察。研究了拉伸载荷下半椭圆表面裂纹的形状变化规律,得到了LY12-R板材的表面裂纹扩展速率并得到了经验关系式da=f(dc)。根据此经验关系式可对疲劳扩展过程中的裂纹深度进行估算,估计值与实测值符合很好。     

35CrMo合金钢疲劳短裂纹扩展规律的试验研究

本文通过试验研究了35CrMo 合金钢三点弯曲试样疲劳短裂纹的扩展特性;用电测法得到了裂尖处的载荷—应变标定关系。试验结果表明,短裂纹的扩展速率正比于局部应力幅的幂次和裂纹长度,即 da/dN=A(?),可以较好地描述疲劳短裂纹的扩展规律。     

微机辅助直流电位法腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率测试研究

本文所给微机辅助直流电位法腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率测试系统,采用峰值采样技术,消除了裂纹闭合影响。系统可同时给出 da/dN～△K 的波动曲线、光滑曲线及分段拟合后的曲线,有利于腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展机制分析与寿命估算。系统用于GC-4钢研究表明,GC-4钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展属于包含平台阶段的应力腐蚀型,符合过程竞争模型,但要对 Austen 模型进行修正。     

中低强材料弹塑性高周疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

本文通过对LY12R铝合金中心裂纹拉伸(CCT)试件、紧凑拉伸(CT)小试件和30CrMnSi钢CT试件的试验,验证了测试中低强材料高周疲劳裂纹扩展速率时,可用单一参量J积分范围△J来描述疲劳裂纹从线弹性到弹塑性条件下的扩展速率da/dN,即da/dN=c(△J)~v。在计算△J时,采用了解析式计算法,使试验程序和数据处理都得到了一定程度的简化。在测试方法上,采用了ASTM E647—78T中的各项要求和程序,除取消试件满足线弹性条件的几何尺寸限制外,仅增加对计算△J的标定试验。因此,从方法上来说,可以看作是ASTM E647方法的一个补充。     

疲劳裂纹扩展的逻辑框架

人们已经发现应力强度因子变程△K与疲劳裂纹扩展率da/dN之间具有良好的对应关系,并由此建立了反映这些关系的各种理论。根据实验结果建立的疲劳裂纹扩展理论往往是假设性的(conjectory);但同时也可以用严谨的逻辑推理来导出疲劳裂纹扩展理论。演绎推导的理论和假设性的理论互为补充,促进了人们对疲劳裂纹扩展规律认识的不断深化。 本文对30年来疲劳裂纹扩展领域的工作进行了系统的总结,具体回顾考察了四种演绎推导理论:①无限大均匀宽板中的小裂纹扩展理论;②da/dN与△K相关的相似理论;③小范围屈服条件下均匀材料中的裂纹扩展理论;④链开式疲劳裂纹扩展理论,并将上述四种理论囊括在一个逻辑框架之中,用以分析疲劳裂纹扩展问题。本文也简述了如何应用这一逻辑框架来理解总结反映疲劳裂纹扩展行为的各种表达式,解释复杂的小裂纹扩展和复合材料中的裂纹扩展。     

基于统计学的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验的最少试样数

提出了对数误差的概念,由此对疲劳裂纹扩展速率 da/dN 试验的最少试样数 n_(min)进行了讨论。     

边界润滑状态下轴承钢接触疲劳寿命与其断裂特性参数相关性的试验研究

本文在对两种轴承钢进行接触疲劳寿命试验并测试其断裂特性参数断裂韧性K_(Ic)和裂纹扩展速率(da)/(dN)的基础上,研究了接触疲劳寿命与断裂特性参数之间的关系。为轴承钢的研究和生产提供了基础数据。     

焊接接头热影响区的海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率

本文采用T型板状焊接接头试件承受弯曲循环载荷进行空气中和海水自由腐蚀条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验(海水中试验条件为R=0-0.1,加载频率0.2Hz,海水温度20℃±1℃),得到了海上平台钢E36-Z35焊接接头热影响区在空气中和海水中裂纹扩展速率da/dN～AK曲线和Paris公式中相应的C和m值,并进行了讨论. 应用本文得到的试验数据,用断裂力学方法对板状焊接接头在空气中和海水中自由腐蚀条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行了估算,结果表明,在适当考虑裂纹起始寿命的情况下,用断裂力学方法估算的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命与试验结果相当符合.文中还讨论了初始裂纹尺寸的选取对估算裂纹扩展寿命的影响.     

高低周复合载荷下球墨铸铁的P-da/dN-ΔK曲线

分别在恒幅载荷和高低周复合载荷作用下,对球墨铸铁进行了疲劳裂纹扩展速率的对比试验研究,并对试验结果进行了统计分析,得出了a-N和P-da/dN-ΔK曲线.采用Paris公式拟合P-da/dN-ΔK曲线,得到了恒幅载荷和高低周复合载荷下球墨铸铁的裂纹扩展速率估算公式.     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.