介质对Nafion膜孔腔中限域TiO2纳米晶体形成的影响

本文在前期工作基础上，利用高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)，能谱(EDAX)研究了在全氟磺酸离子交换膜(Nafion)模板中有机浸泡液溶剂种类、Nafion膜含水量对前驱体Ti(OBu)₄在Nafion模板中形成单分散的TiO₂纳米晶体的影响；研究了Nafion膜断面各元素含量的面分布、线分布、TiO₂的含量、粒子大小、纳米晶体微观形貌及其结构。研究结果表明，溶剂决定了Ti(OBu)₄在Nafion膜中的荷载量及相应TiO₂荷载量的大小；Nafion膜含水量不同，对膜中TiO₂荷载量影响很大，但对TiO₂晶形、晶粒大小和各元素在Nafion膜断面中的均匀分布没有显著影响。     

Nafion薄膜中单分散TiO2纳米晶体的合成

采用全氟化离子聚合物薄膜(钠型Nafion薄膜)作模板合成了平均直径为4.0nm的TiO₂晶体粒子。利用高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-VIS)，对Nafion中TiO₂的含量、粒子大小分布、相变条件、纳米晶体微观型貌及其结构、Nafion薄膜结构和TiO₂粒子形成机理等进行了研究。研究结果表明，Nafion中Ti⁴⁺含量不仅与起始原料有关，还与起始物浓度有关。TiO₂在Nafion中的形成速度主要受控于水在膜中的扩散速度，而TiO₂晶体粒子的大小与分布则取决于Nafion的孔径，与起始原料种类以及晶化条件无关。文中还探索了无定型TiO₂转变成单分散晶体的各种途径，详细讨论了TiO₂晶体粒子合成的影响因素。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮修饰的CdS纳米晶：多元醇合成、表征和可见光活性

采用溶剂热法合成了具有不同晶粒尺寸的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）修饰的CdS纳米晶,并运用XRD,N₂物理吸附,TEM,IR,UV-Vis等手段进行表征。结果表明,所制得的样品均为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)修饰的CdS纳米晶;添加四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)有利于获得晶粒尺寸较小的CdS纳米晶;受纳米晶粒尺寸的影响,CdS纳米晶的吸收边发生蓝移且可见光催化活性明显提高。     

Au/Al2O3纳米复合薄膜的制备和表征

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Au/Al₂O₃纳米复合薄膜。利用X-射线衍射、X-射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜以及紫外-可见光谱对薄膜的微观结构、表面形貌及光学性能进行了表征,研究表明:Au/Al₂O₃纳米复合薄膜是由纳米微晶组成的颗粒膜, 复合薄膜均匀、致密、无裂纹,Au以纳米晶核形式镶嵌于Al₂O₃基体中,纳米Au晶核的粒径为23～26nm;复合薄膜在可见光区有较强的吸收,吸收峰位置与烧结温度有关,吸收强度随烧结温度和金添加量增大而增大。     

溶胶-凝胶-水热晶化法制备锐钛矿TiO2纳米膜的耐蚀性能

以钛酸正丁酯为前驱体, 采用溶胶-凝胶-水热晶化法在不锈钢(SS)表面制备TiO₂纳米膜. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、Raman光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和俄歇电子能谱(AES)表征了TiO₂纳米膜的晶型、表面形貌和表面化学组成. 通过极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了TiO₂纳米膜的耐蚀性能. 170 °C下水热晶化制备的锐钛矿TiO₂与450 °C焙烧制备的锐钛矿TiO₂的结晶度类似, 但两种TiO₂薄膜的表面结构存在明显差异, 水热晶化法制备的TiO₂纳米膜在3.5% (w) NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能优于焙烧法制备的.     

CdS:Mn/ZnS核壳结构纳米晶体的场致发光性质

锰掺杂的核壳结构CdS:Mn/ZnS纳米晶体由胶体化学方法制备,并将该纳米晶体所形成的薄膜夹在两层Ta₂O₅薄膜中间,形成交流薄膜电致发光器件。该器件的电致发光强度随着环境温度的升高呈现先增强后减小的变化规律,并且Mn杂质的位置会影响其电致发光谱。     

CdS:Mn/ZnS核壳结构纳米晶体的场致发光性质

锰掺杂的核壳结构CdS:Mn/ZnS纳米晶体由胶体化学方法制备,并将该纳米晶体所形成的薄膜夹在两层Ta₂O₅薄膜中间,形成交流薄膜电致发光器件.该器件的电致发光强度随着环境温度的升高呈现先增强后减小的变化规律,并且Mn杂质的位置会影响其电致发光谱.     

全氟磺酸树脂/二氧化钛杂化薄膜的制备与表征

利用可溶性全氟磺酸树脂和二氧化钛前躯体钛酸丁酯液-液相体系, 结合蒸汽水热结晶方法制备了全氟磺酸树脂/二氧化钛杂化薄膜, 并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱分析仪(FT-IR)及紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)等测试方法对杂化薄膜的形貌、晶型、结构及光学性能进行了表征. 结果表明: 蒸汽水热结晶法能促进全氟磺酸树脂/二氧化钛杂化薄膜的结晶和相变; 水热后该杂化薄膜表面平整光滑, 没有裂纹, 二氧化钛晶型为锐钛矿并以球形微粒均匀分散在全氟磺酸树脂基体中; 随着杂化体系中二氧化钛含量的增多, 其粒径逐渐减小、团聚现象消失且杂化薄膜的紫外吸收性能显著提高.     

聚电解质膜PDAC/PSS诱导CaCO3结晶的研究

以模拟软体动物珍珠层的周期性基质控制形成过程制备仿生层状复合材料. 将聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)与聚二烯二甲基氯化铵(PDAC)用逐层浸渍的方法使其组装成多层膜, 用于诱导过饱和溶液中CaCO₃的结晶, 详细研究了膜紫外吸收随组装层数增加的线性变化. 扫描电镜和X射线衍射表征了晶体的形貌和结构. (PDAC/PSS)₁₅PDAC膜诱导获得的CaCO₃晶体为六面体结构, 晶体尺寸为30～40 μm; (PDAC/PSS)₁₅膜诱导CaCO₃结晶, 可以在膜表面获得形貌与珍珠层非常相似的CaCO₃晶体, 结晶10 h获得的晶片结构呈规则的六边形, 片尺寸约为10～20 μm. X射线衍射结果表明两种晶体的晶格结构与天然珍珠层差异明显, 说明静电作用为晶体形貌的主控因素之一, 但不是晶格结构的决定因素. 复合材料断面电镜照片表明其为层状结构.     

溶剂热方法合成Cu2ZnSnS4空心球

以氯化亚铜,硝酸锌,氯化锡和硫脲作为反应前驱体,聚乙二醇作为模板,利用溶剂热方法合成Cu₂ZnSnS₄中空球。其中,聚乙二醇对于产物的最终形成起到关键作用。文章讨论了Cu₂ZnSnS₄中空球的生长机制,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、场发射电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDX)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)、选区电子衍射谱(SAED)和紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)等技术对样品的微结构以及光学性质进行了表征和分析。结果显示Cu₂ZnSnS₄中空球为四方晶体,尺寸为600 nm。其禁带宽度为1.52 eV,适用于制作光伏器件。     

Homogeneously distributed CdS nanoparticles in nafion membranes: preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic properties

Stable crystalline CdS nanoparticles were synthesized in Nafion ionomer membranes by using thioacetamide (TAA) as a nonionic precursor. Unlike the ionic precursors such as Na(2)S, TAA could diffuse into the cationic-exchangeable ionomer membranes much more uniformly. This led to the formation of homogeneously distributed CdS nanoparticles in the Nafion membranes, which was confirmed by elemental mapping with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis. Results from the characterizations on the physical properties, the chemical stability, and the photocatalytic properties of these CdS nanoparticles embedded in Nafion membranes are presented and discussed. The parallel data from the CdS nanoparticles in Nafion membranes prepared from the ionic Na(2)S precursor are also shown for comparison.     

Synthesis and Characterization of CdSe Nanocrystals Capped by CdS

CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals capped by CdS were synthesized in the aqueous solution with 2-mercaptoethanol as the stabilizer. The CdS capping with a higher band-gap than that of the core crystallite has successfully eliminated the surface traps. Optical absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were used to probe the effect of CdS passivation on the electronic structure of the nanocrystals. The composite CdSe/CdS nanocrystals exhibit strong, narrow(FWHM≤40 nm) and stable band-edge photoluminescence. X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the composite nanocrystals and determine their average size, size distribution, shape, internal structure and elemental composition.     

Shape control of monodisperse CdS nanocrystals: hexagon and pyramid

The wurtzite CdS nanocrystals with hexagonal or pyramidal geometries were selectively synthesized by tuning the molar ratio of Cd and S precursors in the solution system. For hexagonal nanocrystals, a 2-D or 3-D superlattice assembly could be obtained due to the narrow particle size distribution. The pyramidal CdS nanocrystals were divided into two geometries: the hexagon-based pyramid and the triangle-based pyramid. The realization of the pyramidal geometries further extends the shape multiformity of wurtzite CdS nanocrystals, which may bring new opportunities for the development of CdS semiconductors. The room-temperature absorption spectra of CdS nanoparticles with hexagonal and pyramidal morphologies exhibited a discrepancy in peak positions, revealing the existence of a profound shape-property relationship for the CdS nanophase.     

Study of the effect of formamide and N,N-dimethylformamide on the synthesis of CdS nanoparticles in a SiO2 matrix by sol-gel method

The influence of formamide (F) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in drying and firing of CdS nanocrystals in SiO₂ glasses by a sol-gel method has been studied. It has been established that pore size distribution and surface area are different with the use of DMF and that influences the quality of the final product. The presence of CdS semiconductor nanoparticles has been demonstrated by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and the quantum confinement effect due to the size of nanoparticles is denoted by a blue shift in the visible absorption spectra. From the results obtained in this paper, it is clear that DMF has an influence on final material microstructure.     

CdS量子点的一步法合成及量子产率

以油酸为配体,十八烯为溶剂,采用一步法合成了CdS量子点,研究了反应温度、反应时间和Cd/S的摩尔比对量子点光谱性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)测试结果表明,所获得的CdS量子点为立方闪锌矿结构,且尺寸分布均一,结晶度高,其较强的带边发光、尖锐的紫外吸收峰以及狭窄的荧光发射峰进一步表明量子...     

Studies on optical absorption and structural properties of Fe doped CdS quantum dots

Fe doped CdS quantum dots have been prepared using simple precursors by chemical precipitation technique. Fe doped CdS quantum dots have been synthesized by mixing cadmium nitrate, sodium sulfide and adding Fe under suitable conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that undoped and Fe doped CdS crystallizes in hexagonal structure. The lattice constants of Fe doped CdS nanoparticles decreased slightly with incorporation of Fe and no secondary phase was observed. The average grain size of the nanoparticles is found to lie in the range of 2.8–4.2 nm. HRTEM results show that undoped and 3.75% Fe doped CdS nanoparticles exhibit a uniform size distribution and average size of the nanoparticles is about 2–3 nm. Raman spectra show that 1LO and 2LO peaks of the Fe doped CdS samples are slightly red shifted compared with those of undoped CdS. Optical absorption spectra of Fe doped CdS nanoparticles exhibited red shift.     

On the Origin of the Large Stokes-Shift of the Emission of CdS Nanoparticles Embedded in a Phosphate Glass Matrix

XRD and TEM characterisation evidenced the formation of well-dispersed CdS nanoparticles inside a phosphate glass matrix. Optical absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence study were carried out on the prepared glass samples. Optical absorption revealed the fast character of the growth of CdS nanoparticles in this medium. Photoluminescence spectra showed only one large band with a maximum at almost 740 nm, which was associated to transitions between energy levels within the bandgap of the CdS nanoparticles. From the steady state and time-resolved measurements, it was suggested that the emission comes mainly from sulfur vacancies inside the nanocrystals and on its surface, which act as deep traps for the photogenerated electrons. The creation of such vacancies was attributed to the loss of sulfur during the glass preparation as evidenced from a chemical analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. These traps may be also induced by the fast growth of CdS nanocrystals in this matrix or laser exposure during PL measurements. These CdS-doped glasses with an intense absorption in the UV–Vis region and a large emission band with long lifetime and a large Stokes-shift are adequate for luminescent solar concentrators, photocatalytic applications and solid-state lasers.     

介观结构SiO2/CdO纳米复合物为前驱体原位水热合成半导体CdSe和CdS纳米晶

以高度有序的介观结构SiO₂/CdO纳米复合物为前驱体,在硒源或硫源存在的还原性条件下,利用原位水热反应,合成了介观结构SiO₂/CdSe及SiO₂/CdS纳米复合物,除去SiO₂后,得到半导体CdSe及CdS纳米晶.通过X射线衍射(XRD),高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM),X射线能散射谱(EDX)及选区电子衍射(SAED)等手段对产物进行了组成和结构表征.结果表明,介观结构SiO₂主体材料在合成过程中起到了一定的形貌和尺寸限制作用,得到的CdSe和CdS均为直径在8 nm左右的类球形六方相纳米晶.     

聚合物-二氧化硅复合基材中CdS纳米晶的合成

本文报道在Sol-gel基材中制备由聚合物稳定的CdS纳米晶的新方法， 即通过甲基丙烯酸镉与甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚合合成了含有Cd 2+的聚合物微凝胶, 在聚合物微凝胶网络中原位聚合正硅酸乙酯形成聚合物互穿的Sol-gel复合基材. 再向该聚合物/二氧化硅复合基材中通入H2S气体得到CdS纳米晶. 在聚合物网络中原位聚合正硅酸乙酯可以降低纯二氧化硅材料的脆性; 另一方面, 二氧化硅可以作为增强剂增加聚合物材料的强度. 因此, 在我们合成的聚合物/二氧化硅复合基材中制备的CdS纳米晶将具有很好的应用前景.     

Multigram scale synthesis and characterization of monodisperse tetragonal zirconia nanocrystals

A new and simple method has been developed to synthesize large quantities of highly monodisperse tetragonal zirconia nanocrystals. In this synthesis, a nonhydrolytic sol-gel reaction between zirconium(IV) isopropoxide and zirconium(IV) chloride at 340 degrees C generated 4 nm sized zirconia nanoparticles. A high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) image showed that the particles have a uniform particle size distribution and that they are highly crystalline. These monodisperse nanoparticles were synthesized without any size selection process. X-ray diffraction studies combined with Rietveld refinement revealed that the ZrO(2) nanocrystals are the high-temperature tetragonal phase, and very close to a cubic phase. When zirconium(IV) bromide is used as a precursor instead of zirconium chloride, zirconia nanoparticles with an average size of 2.9 nm were obtained. The UV-visible absorption spectrum of 4 nm sized zirconia nanoparticles exhibited a strong absorption starting at around 270 nm. A fluorescence spectrum with excitation at 300 nm showed a broad fluorescence band centered around 370 nm. FTIR spectra showed indication of TOPO binding on the ZrO(2) nanoparticle surface. These optical studies also suggest that the nanoparticles are of high quality in terms of narrow particle size distribution and relatively low density of surface trap states.