Magnetic Properties of Heisenberg Thin Films in an External Field

The magnetic properties of Heisenberg ferromagnetic films in an external magnetic field are investigated by means of the variational cumulant expansion (VCE). The magnetization can be in principle calculated analytically as the function of the temperature and the number of atomic layers in the film to an arbitrary order of accuracy in the VCE. We calculate the spontaneous magnetization and coercivity to the third order for spin-1/2 Heisenberg films with simple cubic lattices by using a graphic technique.     

多层伊辛膜的磁学性质

用变分累积展开(VCE)方法的一阶近似计算了包括最近邻和次近邻作用的多层伊辛膜的磁学 性质,导出了自发磁化强度、矫顽力、居里点、奈尔点、顺磁磁化率及分子场系数与层数的关系表达式,并做了数值计算和讨论. 关键词： 多层膜 伊辛模型 磁化     

Der Einfluß der Dipolwechselwirkung auf die Magnetisierung dünner ferromagnetischer Schichten

The magnetization of thin films is calculated for low temperatures, taking into account the exchange interaction, an external magnetic field, and the dipole interaction. The calculations are performed within a quantized phenomenological spin wave theory. For thin enough films, within the temperature range considered, only the lowest spin wave band contributes to the decrease of the magnetization. The influence of the dipole interaction is as follows: The magnetization decreases less rapidly with growing temperature than predicted by calculations within the Heisenberg model; the decrease depends considerably on the angle between the magnetization and the film plane; even atT=0K there is a small increase of the magnetization with growing external field.     

Monte Carlo simulation of the reorientation transition in Heisenberg model with dipole interactions

The change of magnetic states in ultrathin films with temperature have been simulated by Monte Carlo method. A Heisenberg model with long-range dipole interactions was adopted in our calculations. The results were qualitatively in good agreement with the experimental phenomena. That is at low temperatures the magnetization is perpendicular to the plane, and at higher temperatures but below the Curie point, the magnetization is mostly within the plane. In between these two regions, the magnetization seems to be suppressed. The simulations show that the loss of magnetization is a consequence of the special magnetic states in which the local domains orientations are reverse with the neighbor ones.     

Many‐body Green's function theory for thin ferromagnetic films: exact treatment of the single‐ion anisotropy

A theory for the magnetization of ferromagnetic films is formulated within the framework of many‐body Green's function theory which considers all components of the magnetization. The model Hamiltonian includes a Heisenberg term, an external magnetic field, a second‐ and fourth‐order uniaxial single‐ion anisotropy, and the magnetic dipole‐dipole coupling. The single‐ion anisotropy terms can be treated exactlyby introducing higher‐order Green's functions and subsequently taking advantage of relations between products of spin operators which leads to an automatic closure of the hierarchy of the equations of motion for the Green's functions with respect to the anisotropy terms. This is an improvement on the method of our previous work, which treated the corresponding terms only approximately by decoupling them at the level of the lowest‐order Green's functions. RPA‐like approximations are used to decouple the exchange interaction terms in both the low‐order and higher‐order Green's functions. As a first numerical example we apply the theory to a monolayer for spin S = 1 in order to demonstrate the superiority of the present treatment of the anisotropy terms over the previous approximate decouplings.     

Magnetization of thin films of ferromagnetic superconductors

The magnetization of thin films of ferromagnetic superconductors is theoretically studied. The symmetric and antisymmetric magnetic orders appear in the films depending on the thickness of the films. The magnetization for the symmetric order monotonically increases with decreasing temperature. However, the magnetization curves for the antisymmetric order has a sharp peak near the magnetic phase transition temperature in a weak external magnetic field.     

Variational-Cumulant Expansion up to the Sixth Order Approximation on 2-Dimensional Ising Model

To study the variational-cumulant expansion (VCE) method, the 2-dimensional Ising model has been selected. The model is evaluated to the sixth order approximation with a scheme for the enumeration of connected diagrams. The internal energy (U), specific.heat (C) and spontaneous magnetization (M) have been calculated. A comparison with the exact results shows that thermodynamic and magnetic quantities converge to the exact values rather quickly and the position of phase transition point approaches to the exact pointstand order by order.     

Analytical Characters of 2-Dimensional Ising Model with Variat ional-Cumulant Expansion to the Seventh order

In order to investigate the variational-cumulant expansion (VCE) method, the 2-dimensional Ising model is expanded to the seventh order by adopting the method of enumerating connected diagrams, in whose process, how to determine the variational parameter is analyzed. The internal energy (U), specific heat (C) and spontaneous magnetization (M) are calculated from the first order to the seventh order. The results show that the thermodynamic and magnetic quantities converge to the exact values very quickly and the critical point approaches the exact one order by order. The curve-pairing phenomenon is watched between neighboring order curves at high teinperature region.     

Simulation of magnetic phase transitions in amorphous alloys of the Re-Gd system

Using the Monte Carlo method within the Heisenberg model, we studied the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys of the Re-Gd system and of pure amorphous gadolinium. The temperature dependences of spontaneous magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and the Edwards-Anderson order parameter were determined. The possibility of the system transitioning to the spin-glass state was examined.     

Ising phases of Heisenberg ladders in a magnetic field

We show that Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions can substantially modify the phase diagram of spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladders in a magnetic field provided they compete with exchange. For nonfrustrated ladders, they induce a local magnetization along the DM vector that turns the gapless intermediate phase into an Ising phase with broken translational symmetry, while for frustrated ladders, they extend the Ising order of the half-integer plateau to the surrounding gapless phases of the purely Heisenberg case. Implications for experimental ladder and dimer systems are discussed.     

Computer simulation of magnetization relaxation in amorphous magnetics with random anisotropy

On the basis of Heisenberg model, the magnetic properties of amorphous terbium were studied by the Monte Carlo method. The temperature dependences of spontaneous magnetization and magnetic susceptibility were plotted as functions of the fraction of the constant of anisotropy to the exchange constant D/J ₀. The behavior of magnetization in an external magnetic field was studied, and the dependence of a coercive field and residual magnetization on the value D/J ₀ was found. The relaxation of magnetization was investigated after the external magnetic field was switched off.     

Modulation of ultrafast laser-induced magnetization precession in BiFeO_3-coated La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)MnO_3 thin films

The ultrafast laser-excited magnetization dynamics of ferromagnetic(FM) La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)MnO_3(LSMO) thin films with BiFeO_3(BFO) coating layers grown by laser molecular beam epitaxy are investigated using the optical pump-probe technique.Uniform magnetization precessions are observed in the films under an applied external magnetic field by measuring the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect.The magnetization precession frequencies of the LSMO thin films with the BFO coating layers are lower than those of uncoated LSMO films,which is attributed to the suppression of the anisotropy field induced by the exchange interaction at the interface between the antiferromagnetic order of BFO and the FM order of LSMO.     

磁性薄膜热动力学性质的变分累积展开研究

采用变分累积展开方法，研究了立方格点上磁性薄膜的热动力学性质.计算自发磁化强度、 内能和热容到了三级累积展开，并对每一级给出了这些物理量对薄膜原子层数的依赖关系. 虽然变分累积展开的收敛性还没有严格证明，但计算结果显示这些物理量的变分累积展开收 敛很快.三级计算结果足已表明：对低于某一临界厚度的薄膜，自发磁化强度随原子层数的 减少而减小；不论在临界温度以下，还是在临界温度以上，每单位格点的内能都随原子层数 的减少而增大；每单位格点的热容在临界温度以下随原子层数的减少而增大，但在临界温度 以上随原子层数的减 关键词： 磁性薄膜 热动力学性质 变分累积展开     

Investigation of ultra—thin ferromagnetic films with a simple cubic lattice

Using Green‘s function method,we investigate ferromagnetic films with a simple cubic lattice containing up to ten monolayers.The Hamiltonian includes the Heisenberg exchange term,surface anisotropy (SA) and dipole interaction (DI).We calculate the magnetization as a function of temperature and film thickness,and we analyse the behaviour of spin canting.The result is in agreement with experiments.We calculate phase diagrams of SA versus DI to show the conditions under which spontaneous magnetization can occur.As a special case,we discuss the Heisenberg model without SA and DI.     

Analytical Study of the Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Films

With the variational cumulant expansion (VCE) method, the thermodynamic behaviors of S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg films in simple cubic lattices are studied analytically. From the analytic properties of the free energy, in principle we are able to calculate analytically the critical temperatures T_c(L) and the thermodynamic functions, to any order cumulant as the functions of the number of L (the hyperlayers in the hyperfilm). Explicit expressions for T_c(L) up to the fourth order are given. A comparison with the existing results for 3-dimensional system is given. The effective range of the interactiori is obtained from numerical results.     

Monte Carlo study on bilayer thin films magnetic properties dependence with discontinouos anisotropy parameters

In the last few years there has been significant interest in the field of thin films, due to numerous specific phenomena related to the low dimension of these systems, and to the large opportunities in development of high technologies based on their specific magnetic and electronic properties. When dealing with systems of reduced dimensionality it is important to take into account the influence of magnetic anisotropies. In this paper we investigate the magnetic properties of bilayer thin film. This behavior is modeled using Monte Carlo simulations, in the Extended Anisotropic Heisenberg Model. The magnetization, out-of-plane and in-plane magnetic susceptibilities, and also the specific heat bearings according to temperature are investigated in order to find the potential magnetic ordering phases and the critical temperatures, for two sets parameter assignments. For quasi-uniform anisotropy parameters of the film we detect the ferromagnetism-paramagnetism transition and then, by changing the model parameters values, we relieve a short range ferromagnetic ordering phase arising from the antiferromagnetic base layer coupling influence and from easy-plane anisotropy discontinuity on the layers interface.      

An attempt to understand the observed plateau of the magnetization in tetranuclear iron(II) complexes of thiacalixarene macrocycles

The next-nearest-neighbour (NNN) effect in tetranuclear iron(II) complexes of thiacalixarene macrocycles using the isotropic Heisenberg model has been investigated in order to understand its effects on the observed plateau of magnetization. Although NNN effect is generally very weak in these kinds of systems, it was calculated that its response is quite significant to the external perturbations in certain temperature regions. Using the isotropic Heisenberg exchange Hamiltonian, zero-field energy spectra have been calculated for this particular tetranuclear system. The average magnetic moments with and without next-nearest-neighbour interactions were also calculated. In order to verify the calculations, the results were compared with experimental data taken from the literature, whence, it is suggested that observed magnetic behaviour can be improved by taking into account the NNN effect.     

An estimate for the magnetization reversal time of antiferromagnetic chains within the Heisenberg model

Within the Heisenberg model in the presence of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, formulas are obtained that allow one to estimate both the spontaneous magnetization reversal time of an antiferromagnetic chain and the magnetization reversal time due to interaction with the conducting tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Corrections due to a possible difference between the properties of the end and inner atoms of the chain are calculated. Numerical estimates are obtained for typical parameter values of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian.     

Quantification of entanglement from magnetic susceptibility for a Heisenberg spin 1/2 system

We report temperature and magnetic field dependent magnetization and quantification of entanglement from the experimental data for dichloro (thiazole) copper (II), a Heisenberg spin chain system. The plot of magnetic susceptibility vs. temperature indicates an infinite spin chain. Isothermal magnetization measurements (as functions of magnetic field) were performed at various temperatures below the antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering, where the AFM correlations persist significantly. These magnetization curves are fitted to the Bonner–Fisher model. Magnetic susceptibility is used as an entanglement witness to quantify the amount of entanglement in the system.