富重子夸克–胶子物质双轻子产生的快度依赖

考虑Drell–Yan本底,基于相对论性流体力学模型,研究了来自¹⁹⁷Au十¹⁹⁷Au中心碰撞的富重子夸克–胶子物质的双轻子产生的快度依赖.发现随着快度的增加,双轻子产额呈现出强烈的抑制.这个标志富重子夸克–胶子物质形成的特征能够在CERN和Brookhaven将来的实验中得到检验.     

AGS和RHIC能区核-核碰撞中的领头粒子效应与双柱模型

在总结双柱模型计算结果的基础上, 用该模型对交变梯度同步加速器(AGS)和相对论性重离子对撞机(RHIC)能区核－核碰撞中的领头粒子效应进行了统一分析. 结果表明:在AGS和RHIC能区, 不同中心性核－核碰撞中带电粒子(赝)快度分布的不同, 主要由领头粒子的贡献影响; 如果扣除领头粒子的贡献, 不同中心性核－核碰撞中带电粒子的(赝)快度分布有相同的形状.     

带电多重数赝快度密度对碰撞对心度依赖关系研究

以核-核碰撞的独立源理论为基础，讨论了(S_NN)^1/2＝１３０ GeV的Au+Au碰撞中，中心快度区带电多重数赝快度密度dn_ch/dη对碰撞对心度的依赖关系.理论结果较好地反映了实验事实. 关键词： 重离子碰撞 带电多重数 赝快度密度 碰撞对心度     

高能核-核碰撞中粒子的(赝)快度分布与重叠柱模型

应用重叠柱模型描述了高能核-核碰撞中带电粒子的快度(或赝快度)分布. 对目前加速器上的固定靶实验而言, 观察到了相同相对强度的纵向流, 两个完全重叠的热化柱能够描述实验数据. 在更高能量范围(4A TeV以上), 观察到了更强的纵向流, 这时需要两个部分重叠的热化柱来描述实验数据. 用重叠柱模型计算得到的(赝)快度分布与1A GeV到100A TeV能区的实验结果符合.     

4.5AGeV/c 24Mg与核乳胶碰撞中簇射粒子的赝快度分布

报道了4.5AGeV/c ²⁴Mg与核乳胶碰撞中产生的簇射粒子的赝快度分布,结果表明,分布宽度和峰值位置明显依赖于靶核尺寸.用柱模型对赝快度分布进行了分析,MonteCarlo方法计算得到的结果基本符合实验数据的走向,并重现了实验数据中的涨落现象.     

400GeV/c pp碰撞时两粒子赝快度关联

利用LEBC泡室照片对400GeV/c pp碰撞产生的带电粒子赝快度分布进行了测量.研究了固定多重数时的两粒子赝快度关联.用结团模型对实验数据进行了拟合,得到的结团平均大小以及结团的衰变宽度随带电粒子多重数的变化不大.     

深度非弹性散射中的大快度间隔事件与雷吉子

分析了HERA实验上ep电荷交换过程的最大赝快度分布的实验结果.利用雷吉唯象理论计算了在这个过程中R_ρ(位于ρ⁺轨迹的雷吉子)交换的贡献.并用π介了云模型计算了同一过程中π⁺交换的贡献.运用Monte Carlo方法模拟了来态粒子的最大赝快度分布.结果表明,单独考虑哪一种交换过程都不能很好地解释实验结果,而当同时计入两者的贡献时,理论预言与实验数据符合较好.     

400GeV/c pp碰撞连续阶数阶乘矩和多重分形分析

对华家照提出的F_q矩的矩阶数连续化方案进行了检验,发现它不能用于真实数据的分析,对此作了改进,使它能用于真实的实验数据的分析,对400GeV/c pp碰撞产生的带电粒子赝快度分布实验数据的分析结果表明,阶乘矩的矩阶数连续崐化方法是可行的,说明在400GeV/c pp碰撞多重产生过程中可能存在多重分形行为.     

原子核形变与价核子数的系统关系

利用N_pN_n方法研究了A≥100的偶–偶核基态四极形变参数β的系统规律.根据质量数以及价质子(中子)是粒子还是空穴对原子核分组,发现β与(N_pN_n)^1/2的关系曲线是平滑的.不同组中原子核的β变化曲线的斜率和趋势显示,价核子和空穴对核四极形变的贡献不同.通过对近滴线原子核理论形变值的变化规律的研究表明,在N_pN_n方法中p-n价核子相互作用的一般关系可能依然适用于不稳定核.     

(赝)快度间隔的不稳定性

对400GeV/c PP碰撞多粒子产生的实验数据作(赝)快度隔的不稳定性分析.计算了华家照等人提出的类熵量S_q和∑_q。发现S_q和∑_q明显地偏离于1,其中1nS_q随q的变化有较好的线性行为.而1n∑_q随q的变化只有近似的线性行为.对用FRITIOF模拟产生的事例样本作同样的计算,发现与实验结果偏离较大.     

Charged Multiplicity Density and Number of Participant Nucleons in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

The energy and centrality dependencies of charged particle pseudorapidity density in relativistic nuclearcollisions were studied using a hadron and string cascade model, JPCIAE. Both the relativistic p+p experimental dataand the PHOBOS and PHENIX Au+Au data at RHIC energy could be fairly reproduced within the framework ofJPCIAE model and without retuning the model parameters. The predictions for Pb + Pb collisions at the LHC energywere also given. We computed the participant nucleon distributions using different methods. It was found that thenumber of participant nucleons is not a well defined variable both experimentally and theoretically. Thus it may beinappropriate to use the charged particle pseudorapidity density per participant pair .as a function of the number ofparticipant nucleons for distinguishing various theoretical models.     

Pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles in d+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=200 GeV

The measured pseudorapidity distribution of primary charged particles in minimum-bias d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV is presented for the first time. This distribution falls off less rapidly in the gold direction as compared to the deuteron direction. The average value of the charged particle pseudorapidity density at midrapidity is |eta|< or =0.6)=9.4+/-0.7(syst) and the integrated primary charged particle multiplicity in the measured region is 82+/-6(syst). Estimates of the total charged particle production, based on extrapolations outside the measured pseudorapidity region, are also presented. The pseudorapidity distribution, normalized to the number of participants in d+Au collisions, is compared to those of Au+Au and p+(-)p systems at the same energy. The d+Au distribution is also compared to the predictions of the parton saturation model, as well as microscopic models.     

Charged-particle multiplicity near midrapidity in central Au+Au collisions at sqrt[SNN]=56 and 130 GeV

We present the first measurement of pseudorapidity densities of primary charged particles near midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)] = 56 and 130 GeV. For the most central collisions, we find the charged-particle pseudorapidity density to be dN/deta|(|eta|<1) = 408+/-12(stat)+/-30(syst) at 56 GeV and 555+/-12(stat)+/-35(syst) at 130 GeV, values that are higher than any previously observed in nuclear collisions. Compared to proton-antiproton collisions, our data show an increase in the pseudorapidity density per participant by more than 40% at the higher energy.     

Time evolution of relativistic d + Au and Au + Au collisions

The evolution of charged‐particle production in collisions of heavy ions at relativistic energies is investigated as function of centrality in a nonequilibrium‐statistical framework. Precise agreement with recent d + Au and Au + Au data at = 200 GeV is found in a Relativistic Diffusion Model with three sources for particle production. Only the midrapidity source comes very close to local equilibrium, whereas the analyses of the overall pseudorapidity distributions show that the systems remain far from statistical equilibrium.     

Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles from32S induced heavy ion interactions at 200A GeV

Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions have been measured for³²S+Al, Cu, Ag and Au at 200A GeV. The widths of the pseudorapidity distributions increase from central to peripheral collisions. The main contribution is assumed to come from the increasing fraction of charged particles stemming from the fragmentation of the target for peripheral collisions as compared to central collisions. On the average 170–180 charged particles per unit of pseudorapidity are attained for the most central³²S+Au events at the maximum of the distribution. The target dependence of the yield of charged particles for central collisions is investigated. In the target rapidity region the yield is directly proportional to the target mass. The transverse energy per charged particle has been studied as a function of centrality and pseudorapidity. The experimental results are compared to the results from the Monte-Carlo model VENUS 3.11 which includes rescattering among secondaries. A comparison between different centrality triggers is made.     

RHIC和LHC能区两粒子关联函数研究

应用多源热模型研究了相对论性重离子对撞机（RHIC）上PHENIX合作组测得的每核子对质心能量√sNN=200 GeV的氘-金（d+Au）碰撞中快度长程方位角关联,和大型强子对撞机（LHC）上CMS合作组测得的质心能量√s=0.9,2.36,7 TeV的质子质子（p+p）碰撞中高多重数短程赝快度关联,在误差范围内模型结果很好地重现了实验数据。用4个参数分析了长程方位角关联,结果表明,参数可以清楚地显示出脊结构的变化趋势,说明脊结构与集体效应、流体力学流效应、粒子对的横动量及信号等有关。用3个参数分析了小系统高多重数短程赝快度关联,结果表明,参数σ和c₃与能量相关,能量越大,两粒子越靠近,关联越强。The multi-source thermal model is used in this paper to analyze the long-range azimuth correlation in deutron-gold (d+Au) collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √sNN=200 GeV measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC), and the short-range pseudorapidity correlation in high multiplicity event in proton-proton (p+p) collisions at center-of-mass energy √s=0.9, 2.36, 7 TeV measured by the CMS Collaboration at the large hadron collider (LHC). The modeling results are in approximately agreement with the experimental data in error ranges. Four parameters are used in the analysis of long-range azimuth correlation, which show that the parameters describe the change trend of ridge structure. The ridge structure is related to the collective effect, hydrodynamic flow effect, transverse momentum and signal of particle pair, and so forth. Three parameters are used in the analysis of the short-range pseudorapidity correlation in high multiplicity event in small system, which show that the parameters σ and c3 are related to collision energy. Large collision energy results in strong correlation due to close distance between particles.     

Parton rescattering effect on particle production in ultra-relativistic p+p collisions

The parton rescattering effect on the charged particle production in ultra-relativistic p+p collisions is studied by the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE, based on PYTHIA. We have calculated charged particle pseudorapidity density at mid-rapidity and the pseudorapidity distribution in inelastic and non-single diffractive p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ , 900, 5500, and 14000 GeV with the PYTHIA and PACIAE models. The calculated results for $\sqrt{s}=900$  GeV are well compared with the ALICE data. Comparing the PYTHIA results (without parton rescattering) with the PACIAE results (with parton rescattering), it turned out that the parton rescattering may play an important role and this effect increases with increasing CMS energy.     

Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles from Au + Au collisions at the maximum RHIC energy,square root[s(NN)] = 200 GeV

We present charged-particle multiplicities as a function of pseudorapidity and collision centrality for the 197Au+197Au reaction at square root[s(NN)] = 200 GeV. For the 5% most central events we obtain dN(ch)/deta/(eta = 0) = 625+/-55 and N(ch)/(-4.7< or =eta < or =4.7) = 4630 +/- 370, i.e., 14% and 21% increases, respectively, relative to square root[s(NN)] = 130 GeV collisions. Charged-particle production per pair of participant nucleons is found to increase from peripheral to central collisions around midrapidity. These results constrain current models of particle production at the highest RHIC energy.     

Rapidity density fluctuations in 14.5A GeV/c 28Si-nucleus interactions

Results on correlation and clusterization amongst relativistic charged particles produced in 14.5A GeV/c ²⁸Si-nucleus collisions are presented by studying rapidity density distribution of relativistic charged particles in various pseudorapidity windows. These results are observed to agree reasonably well with the predictions of Lund Monte Carlo model FRITIOF.     

Relating multihadron production in hadronic and nuclear collisions

The energy-dependence of charged particle mean multiplicity and pseudorapidity density at midrapidity measured in nucleus–nucleus and (anti)proton–proton collisions are studied in the entire available energy range. The study is performed using a model, which considers the multiparticle production process according to the dissipating energy of the participants and their types, namely a combination of the constituent quark picture together with Landau relativistic hydrodynamics. The model reveals interrelations between the variables under study measured in nucleus–nucleus and nucleon–nucleon collisions. Measurements in nuclear reactions are shown to be well reproduced by the measurements in pp/[`(p)]p{\bar{\mathrm{p}}}{\mathrm{p}} interactions and the corresponding fits are presented. Different observations in other types of collisions are discussed in the framework of the proposed model. Predictions are made for measurements at the forthcoming LHC energies.