二氧化碳共聚物为基聚氨酯的生物降解性研究

以ＣＯ２为起始物合成生物降解型聚合物，既能利用丰富的ＣＯ２资源，减轻温室效应；又能减轻聚合物垃圾造成的污染。聚碳酸亚乙酯（ＰＥＣ）经动物体内实验和土埋实验，证明具有良好的生物降解性［１，２］。由ＰＥＣ合成的聚氨酯可获得有良好力学性能的材料，但是否具有...     

交联对CO_2共聚物为基的聚氨酯降解性能的影响

讨论了CO2 共聚物为基的聚氨酯 -聚碳酸亚乙酯聚氨酯 (PEC-PU)交联方式、交联程度对其生物降解性能的影响。实验结果显示 ,交联程度越大 ,降解程度有所降低 ,但一定交联程度的交联型PEC -PU仍然具有良好的生物降解性能。     

生物降解型聚氨酯研究进展

本文综述了生物降解型聚氨酯的研究现状，并探讨了影响其生物降解性的因素，指出了其应用前景，特别是医学上的应用．     

超临界二氧化碳中聚氨酯吸附小分子的影响因素

研究了超临界CO2 中降压时间以及小分子的溶度参数、亲电性和芳香性等因素对聚氨酯吸附小分子的影响,考察了小分子比蒸发速率对小分子在聚氨酯中解吸的影响.结果表明聚氨酯易于吸附亲电性试剂和多数芳香族小分子.通常比蒸发速率大的小分子在聚氨酯中解吸也快     

生物降解材料胆酸-乳酸共聚物的热性能研究

通过直接熔融共聚法合成了系列的不同乳酸／胆酸组成比（LA／CA）的胆酸．乳酸共聚物,用DSC、TG等手段研究生物降解材料胆酸-乳酸共聚物的热性能。结果表明,共聚物的热性能与其组成、结构有关。LA／CA小的多核共聚物无明显熔融峰,热失重分两步进行;LA／CA大的单核共聚物出现明显双头熔融峰,其热失重一步进行,其Tg随着LA／CA增加而升高。     

生物降解性聚己内酯-聚醚嵌段共聚物的合成及表征

A new biodegradable Poly (e-caprolactone)-Poly (ethylene glycol) block copolymer (PCL-b-PEG) has been synthesized by co-polycondensation reaction of e-caprolactone (e-CL) and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the presence of Ti(OBu)4 catalyst. The composition,hy-drophilicity and crystallinity of the copolymer can be controlled by changing the feeding dose of reaction system. The degradation rate of the PCL-b-PEG copolymer is improved by introducing the PEG segment, and the more the PEG content in the copolymers,the faster the degradation rate of the copolymer.     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物的生物降解性研究

合成了一系列苯乙烯．马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)。并对共聚物的结构进行了表征。用土埋法和CO2释放法研究了共聚物的生物降解性。探讨了分子量、组成、环境等因素对生物降解性的影响,发现共聚物的分子量降低。降解率增大;共聚物中马来酸酐含量提高。降解率增大;适宜的环境有利于生物降解。     

壳聚糖-两性聚氨酯接枝共聚物的制备

利用壳聚糖大分子链上的－OH和－NH2基团与两性聚氨酯预聚体的端－NCO基团反应，把两性聚氨酯链接枝到壳聚糖分子链上，为聚电解质及纳米胶体粒子间的组装，复合性质的研究提供模型化合物，红外光谱，热分析方法初步研究表明，采用上述方法能够制备出APU－壳聚糖接枝共聚物，但产物是壳聚糖与接枝共聚物的混合物，研究发现，这种接枝共聚物在盐酸水溶液中呈胶束形态，而且具有独特的流变性。     

淀粉-醋酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物的合成及生物降解研究

用硝酸铈铵为引发剂,合成了淀粉 醋酸乙烯酯 甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物,用质子核磁共振谱研究了接枝支链的化学组成,用Ｘ 射线粉末衍射研究了接枝共聚物的结晶结构变化,分别用实验室酶分解法和室外土壤掩埋法测定了接枝共聚物的生物降解性能,结果说明,仅接枝共聚物中的淀粉部分能被微生物降解,接枝支链部分不能被降解．     

可生物降解聚酯酰胺共聚物的合成与表征

以两种合成的酰胺二元醇和癸二酸为原料合成了可生物降解的聚酯酰胺共聚物,研究了该癸半晶性聚合物的合成、结晶及其生物降解性,并应用ＩＲ,＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ,ＳＥＭ及ＤＳＣ进行了表征。     

Segmented Polyurethanes for Medical Applications: Synthesis,Characterization and in vitro Enzymatic Degradation Studies

Degradable segmented poly(ether-ester-urethanes) of variable segment chemistry and content were synthesized and characterized. Polycaprolactone diol, a series of poly(ether-ester) block copolymers, and a diisocyanate giving non toxic degradation products were used to form the prepolymer. Cyclohexane dimethanol and a L–phenylalanine–based diester (Phe diester) were used as chain extenders. The influence of α-chimotrypsin on the degradation was investigated by exposing the polymers to buffer and enzyme solutions for 12 days. The SEM, SEC, and gravimetric results showed that a significant erosion of the Phe diester containing polymer compared with the control polyurethane occurred in the presence of the enzyme but not in a normal buffer solution.     

水性聚氨酯研究进展

本文较系统地介绍和评价了国内外水性聚氨酯的制备、性能、应用及其发展。     

超支化聚氨酯的合成及应用

超支化聚合物因其独特的结构和性能逐渐成为聚合物领域的研究热点之一,各种合成超支化聚合物的方法相继被报道。但对于超支化聚氨酯(HBPU)这一类聚合物,由于其官能团的特殊性,很难用传统的方法制得。本文总结了近十几年来制备HBPU的两类主要方法:一种为单单体法(SMM),包括光气法、叠氮化合物法、AA′ B′B2法、高选择性化学反应等;另一种为双单体法(DMM),包括扩链法,低聚物A2 B3法。另外简要介绍了HBPU在固体电解质、相变材料、油墨以及纳米粒子制备等领域的应用。     

CoMFA Analysis of Biodegradability

Abstract

CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) has been used to correlate the biodegradability of several classes of compounds. The technique uses an atomic probe to detect the steric and electrostatic fields around a molecule. Good cross-validated correlations were obtained for some series (alcohols, carboxylic acids and linear alkyl benzene sulphonates). Correlations were weaker for esters and benzene sulphonates, and were non-existent for phenols. These results may reflect the unreliability of biodegradation data, but may also be a result of molecular misalignment in the CoMFA procedure. CoMFA appears to be a potentially very useful method for the prediction of biodegradability.     

可生物降解聚合物的现状及生物降解性研究

综述了可生物降解聚合物的现状及发展、影响生物降解性的因素和生物降解性的评价方法。     

Renewable Non‐Isocyanate Based Thermoplastic Polyurethanes via Polycondensation of Dimethyl Carbamate Monomers with Diols

1,5,7‐Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD)‐catalyzed polycondensation reactions of fatty acid derived dimethyl dicarbamates and diols are introduced as a versatile, non‐isocyanate route to renewable polyurethanes. The key step for the synthesis of dimethyl carbamate monomers from plant‐oil‐derived dicarboxylic acids is based on a sustainable base‐catalyzed Lossen rearrangement. The formed polyurethanes with molecular weights up to 25 kDa are characterized by SEC, DSC, and NMR analysis.

     

Thermal Stabilities of Different Polyurethanes After Hydrolytic Treatment

Different polyester urethanes and polyether urethanes were exposed to hydrolytic degradation at 70°C for up to 16 weeks. The dried samples were subsequently analysed in thermooxidation tests in the range 250-300°C by measuring the lifetime relating to 5% mass loss. The experimental results showed that polyether urethanes have lower thermal stabilities than those of polyester urethanes; the activation energies determined from the Arrhenius plot are around 65 and 80 kJ mol^-1, respectively. The activation energies of polyether urethanes did not change significantly as hydrolysis proceeded. In contrast, the polyester urethanes exhibited a progressive decrease in activation energy, which fell (after 16 weeks of hydrolysis) to the values characterizing polyether urethanes. The entropic parameter of the Arrhenius equation was also evaluated and related to the chemical composition of the as-received and hydrolysed polymers. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Synthesis of CO2 Copolymer Based Polyurethane Foams

CO2-copolymer based polyurethane foams were synthesized and characterized in this paper. The foams were found to have higher strength and lower heat of combustion than the conventional polyether polyurethane foams. They may find wide applications in many fields.     

Crystallization and Properties of Novel Polyurethanes Based on the Chain Extender Ethylene Glycol and Aromatic Diisocyanates of Variable Flexibility

Summary: Novel polyurethane elastomers (PUs) were synthesized with ethylene glycol (EG) as a chain extender. The macrodiol was poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA), MW = 2000 ± 50. Two isocyanates were employed: 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and 4,4′-dibenzyl diisocyanate (DBDI). The conformational mobility of DBDI causes an unusually wide range of mechanical, physical and chemical properties, associated with the possibility of pronounced phase separation into a domain – matrix morphology, and with a higher tendency to crystallization and self-association by hydrogen bonding. Materials were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA), and mechanical measurements. Results were discussed in terms of the effect of PUs crystallinity. In the case where the chain extender–diisocyanate couple was EG-DBDI, the hard segments were observed to crystallize. The DBDI based PUs displayed higher flow stress in the hard phase caused by stronger phase segregation.