丙肝病毒持续感染有了动物模型

中国科学院武汉病毒所和生物物理所唐宏、陈新文研究组利用免疫系统完整的小鼠，成功研制出世界上首个丙肝病毒（HCV）持续感染、完整反映丙肝病毒感染自然史和慢性病毒性肝炎进展的动物模型。该模型不仅为揭示丙肝的致病机制提供了迄今最先进的材料，还将从根本上推动丙肝防治的疫苗和药物研发，相关研究成果8月27日以封面论文的形式在线发表于《细胞研究》杂志上。     

科学家研制出世界首个丙肝病毒持续感染的动物模型

<正>我国科学家日前成功研制出世界上首个丙型是如何发展的,为揭示丙肝致病机制、丙肝疫苗和肝炎病毒持续感染的小鼠。这一动物模型能完整药物的研发提供了可靠材料。反映丙型肝炎病毒感染自然史和慢性病毒性丙肝这一研究是由中国科学院武汉病毒所和生物     

病毒的逃离变异具有持久性

细胞毒杀性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)是免疫系统的一种成分,它在免疫系统识别和杀死被艾滋病病毒(HIV)或猴免疫缺损病毒(SIV)感染的细胞的过程中发挥了关键作用。这些病毒通过变异让CTLs无法识别它们,从而得以逃脱免疫系统的探测。为了认识疫苗的有效性,一个重要的问题是要弄清这些发生变异的病毒是否具有持久性,以及它们如何具有持久性。在科学家们发现这些名为“病毒逃脱变异”的变异病毒能够感染其它猴子,而且因为CTLs所施加的免疫压力,这些变异病毒在被感染宿主体内具有持久性。     

猪口蹄疫病毒基因工程疫苗的工程菌的发酵研究

在猪口蹄疫病毒活性肽ＶＰ１融合蛋白基因工程菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＣ５００构建成功的基础上，研究了Ｃ５００的质粒稳定性，Ｃ５００在４种不同培养基中的生长曲线，以及不同种龄，接种量，装液量，碳源氮源对菌体生长的影响。     

口蹄疫病毒抗原表位的编码序列在大肠杆菌中表达

为在大肠杆菌和牛分枝杆菌 BCG中表达口蹄疫病毒 ( Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus,FMDV) O、A、C三种血清型抗原表位的编码序列 ,我们优化筛选了这三种血清型主要抗原表位的序列 ,设计合成了其编码 DNA序列 ,并将此序列克隆到细菌表达载体 p QE4 1中 ,转化大肠杆菌 M1 5 [p REP4 ],经 IPTG诱导 ,在 SDS-PAGE中得到 34 k D的小鼠二氢叶酸还原酶( DHFR)基因与 FMDV的三型抗原表位编码序列的融合表达的蛋白质带 .     

浅谈猪口蹄疫及防制措施

口蹄疫疾病（FMD）又称口疮热、流行性口疮，是由口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）引起的偶蹄动物的急性、热性、接触性传染病，其主要特征是在口腔粘膜、蹄部、乳房、皮肤出现水疱及烂斑。口蹄疫疾病（FMD）以传播迅速、感染率高而著称，可危害牛、猪、羊等偶蹄动物，成年动物感染后病死率一般不超1寸5％（幼年动物病死率高达50％），可使肉、     

抗口蹄疫病毒phage-scFv及可溶性scFv的构建

利用重组DNA技术在抗口蹄疫病毒单克隆抗体1C 7 VH基因和VL基因之间导入一段连接肽[(G ly4Ser)3],采用重叠延伸拼接法,经聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增获得scF v基因。将scF v基因克隆至噬菌粒pCANTAB 5E载体,转化E.coli TG 1,构建噬菌体抗体文库。用M 13KO 7辅助噬菌体挽救及固相口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)抗原对噬菌体抗体文库的三轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”的淘洗,筛选出scFv阳性克隆。将阳性克隆转化E.coli BH 2151,通过异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导可溶性scFv蛋白的表达。酶联免疫吸附实验(EL ISA)检测表明:scFv克隆表达的phage-scFv及可溶性scFv与FMDV亲和力高,特异性强。     

抗A5型口蹄疫病毒重组多肽疫苗的研究

根据A型口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）的VP1基因序列及国际上公认的抗病毒中和表位,并结合对口蹄疫病毒的研究成果。设计了A型FMDV的重组多肽疫苗．分别选择VP1上21～40位和137～160位氨基酸对应的基因序列为表位基因,组成137～160—21～40-137～160的串连结构,并以大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶为大分子载体,构建重组质粒pLM99,在大肠杆菌中表达得到高含量的融和蛋白．体外免疫原性检测表明,所表达的融和蛋白与标准A型阳性血清有特异性抗原／抗体反应,即说明该融和蛋白具有免疫反应性．免疫豚鼠的实验结果表明,融合蛋白能在豚鼠体内诱导中和抗体,并使70％的豚鼠能抵抗病毒的攻击．     

螺施藻对病毒,癌症及免疫系统影响的最新研究进展

螺旋藻是一种蓝藻，它含有众多丰富的营养物质，随着对螺旋藻研究的深入进行，螺旋藻已引起医学专家和研究人员的重视。     

猪口蹄疫的症状和防治方法

猪口蹄疫是一种人畜共患病。口蹄疫俗称"口疮"",蹄癀",是偶蹄兽发生的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。其病原体是微核糖核酸病毒科中的口蹄疫病毒属,此病毒不怕干燥,怕热不怕冷,在低温下(-70℃)十分稳定,可存活10年,在37℃下,48小时内就可灭活,在80℃～120℃病毒则立即死亡。     

Evolution and molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus in China

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD),caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV),is considered one of the most important viral diseases of cloven-hoofed animals,causing severe economic losses in affected regions of the world.Three serotypes (A,O,and Asia 1) of FMDV have been identified in China since 1958.In addition,the occurrence of novel subtypes within these serotypes has made the epidemiology of FMDV more complicated over the last few years.In this review,we summarize the history and the current epidemiological situation in China,genetic diversity (e.g.,quasispecies dynamics,antigenic heterogeneity,and functional constraints),intertypic recombination,and the evidence for positive selection of different FMDV serotypes.We also assess these genetic data to understand the origin,evolution,and transmission of FMDV,the findings of which may be useful in developing control measures for future epidemics.     

CpG DNA enhances the immune responses elicited by the DNA vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus in guinea pigs

CpG DNA is DNA sequence that has immune stimulatory effects. Several lines of investigation over the past few years indicate that CpG DNA plays an important role in the induction of immune responses to DNA vaccines. In this study, CpG DNA-containing synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) was cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding a fusion protein containing b- galactosidase from E. coli and immunogenic epitopes of foot- and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O, and the immune responses induced by the plasmid were assayed. The results showed that guinea pigs immunized with the recombinant plasmid containing CpG-ODN generated a higher level of FMDV-neutralizing antibody and a stronger T cell proliferative response and protection against viral challenge than those receiving the plasmid containing no CpG-ODN. Our study demonstrated that it is an effective route to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines by inserting exogenous CpG DNA into the plasmids, and the DNA vaccine developed here is a promising candidate to prevent FMDV infection.     

Immune response in cattle inoculated with the recombinant complete polyprotein of foot-and-mouth disease virus from Bombyx mori larvae

The intact open reading frame (ORF) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Asia I/XJ strain was am- plified by RT-PCR and inserted into the transfer vector pVL1393 to generate plasmid pVL-ORF. Bm-N cells were transfected with pVL-ORF and linearized Bm-BacPAK6 DNA, and the recombinant silkworm baculovirus Bm-ORF containing the full ORF of FMDV was obtained. The results of indirect im- munofluorescence assay (IFA) showed that Bm-ORF could be expressed efficiently in Bm-N cell. After inoculating the early 5th instar larvae of silkworm, the polyprotein of FMDV could be detected by sandwich ELISA and empty capsid-like particles could be observed under the electron microscope. Expression products from silkworm were used as the antigen to immunize the cattle. The specific an- tibody was induced in all vaccinated animals. The immunized cattle were challenged with the virulent FMDV Asia I/XJ strain, two of the four cattle were completely protected and clinical symptoms were alleviated and delayed in the others. The results suggest that this strategy might be used to develop the new subunit FMDV vaccine.     

环境持久性自由基的研究进展

环境持久性自由基(environmental persistent free radicals, EPFRs)是一类新型的环境风险物质, 能在大气环境中持久存在, 并具有顺磁稳定性. 主要概述了EPFRs的特征、形成机理以及影响EPFRs 形成的各种因素, 总结了EPFRs 的环境持久性和毒性对人体健康的危害, 并介绍了EPFRs 的潜在环境应用, 以及利用EPFRs 激活某些化合物产生活性氧对有机污染物进行降解等.     

Detection of lymphocystis disease virus infection to flounder gill cells in vitro by monoclonal antibodies

Flounder gill （FG） cells were used to isolate lymphocystis disease virus （LCDV） and two monoclonal antibodies （Mabs） （1A8 and 3G3） against LCDV were used to trace LCDV infection to FG cells. FG monolayer cells was inoculated with LCDV supernatant, obtained from lymphocystis cells of diseased flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. LCDV infection was detected with Mabs employing immunocytochemical assay （ICA） and indirect immunofluorescence assay test （IIFAT） technique. Detected by IIFAT, they were specifie for LCDV. The results of experimental infection illustrated that FG cells was sensitive to LCDV, and showed virus-infection positive detected by ICA. Cytopathic effect （CPE） occurred 1-2 days post inoculation （PI）, and half tissue culture infection dosage （TCID50） of vires supematant was 2^2.57 per 40μl. Tracing by IIFAT showed that LCDV positive signal first appeared at the cell membrane immediately PI, and then in cytoplasm at 24h PI, it reached the strongest positive at 48-72 h PI, and began to decrease at 96h PI.     

长余辉材料在发光路面上的应用及研究进展

文章首先介绍了长余辉材料的发光机理,探讨了它的主要应用,并分析了目前存在的一些问题. 然后,提出了一些有关长余辉材料的发展建议,以期为相关领域的研究人员提供一些指引和帮助. 最后,总结了长余辉材料的发展趋势,并对未来的发展前景进行了展望.     

鸡新城疫免疫研究进展

鸡新城疫的免疫学研究一直是鸡新城疫研究的重点之一，近年来国内外学者已经在这方面做了大量的研究，并取得了显著的进展，综合国内外的有关文献，综述了鸡新城疫的疫苗，细胞免疫和局部粘膜免疫以及免疫抑制性疾病的最新研究进展。     

Host cell apoptosis induced by infection with duck swollen head hemorrhagic disease virus

This study aimed to examine the host cell apoptosis in the tissues of Peking ducks infected with duck swollen head hemorrhagic disease virus (DSHDV). The dynamic changes associated with apoptosis occurring in the internal tissues were evaluated at different time points postinoculation (PI) by performing hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, followed by light microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfe- rase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that DSHDV infection could induce apoptosis in host cells, including those of the bursa of Fabricius (BF), thymus, spleen, liver, intestinal tract, kidney, and esophagus. The apoptotic index (AI) values increased with time from 2 h to 72 h PI, and the highest values were recorded at 72 h PI. Further, cell death due to classic necrosis was observed in the dying or deceased ducks after 72 h PI. In conclusion, host cell apoptosis can be induced by DSHDV and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of duck viral swollen head hemorrhagic disease (DVSHD).     

阿尔茨海默病伴发视觉障碍研究进展

 阿尔茨海默病（AD）是老年人群常见的神经变性疾病,多以记忆力损害为首发症状,逐渐出现进行性认知功能受损和精神行为症状,对家庭和社会带来沉重的经济和照护负担。AD早期症状不明显,待诊断明确后的治疗效果差,因此,早期诊断尤为重要。研究发现,AD患者可出现视觉障碍,但尚无流行病学数据。目前AD的治疗包括非药物及药物等综合手段,AD伴发视觉障碍的治疗尚需研究。本文主要介绍AD视觉障碍的临床症状、发生机制、检测及评价手段,包括光学相干体层扫描、视觉诱发电位、视网膜微血管检查及神经影像学,以对AD患者的视觉障碍进行全面评价,寻找特异、敏感及简便的AD评估手段,为AD的早期诊断及早期干预提供依据。     

埃博拉病毒感染的实验室诊断方法研究进展

 埃博拉病毒病是由埃博拉病毒引起的一种急性出血性传染病,具有极高的传染性,病死率高达90%,世界卫生组织已将埃博拉病毒列为对人类危害最严重的病毒之一,目前虽有一个被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准用于紧急治疗的实验药物TKM-Ebola,但尚无批准上市的用于预防埃博拉病毒的疫苗.建立快速、准确、简便的实验室检测方法对及时进行临床诊断救治、开展流行病学调查并最终控制其传播流行具有重要意义.本文综述埃博拉病毒实验室检测方法的原理、应用及进展,介绍病毒分离、电子显微镜观察、逆转录聚合酶链反应法、抗原检测试验、抗体酶联免疫吸附试验、血清中和试验及其他检测方法.