两种气泡混合的声空化

将非线性声波方程和改进的Rayleigh-Plesset方程联立可以描述空化环境中的声场及相应的气泡动力学特征. 用时域有限差分方法模拟了圆柱形容器内两种气泡相互混合时的空化情况. 在烧杯内的稳态背景声场形成过程中, 瓶壁耗散吸收扮演了重要的角色. 在稳态背景声场的基础上, 分析了混合气泡与声场的相互作用、气泡之间的相互作用、混合情况下的频谱特性. 结果表明: 两种气泡平衡半径都不太大时, 气泡与声场的相互作用不强, 声场及气泡的行为也比较规律; 相反, 当其中一种气泡平衡半径相对比较大时, 声场与气泡具有较强的非线性相互作用, 声场及气泡的行为表现出复杂的特性.     

声空化泡对声传播的屏蔽特性*

该文介绍了声空化液体中声波被反常吸收的现象,即驱动声压越大,吸收越强,远场声压越低。研究给出其物理机理是高声压导致强空化,空化泡吸收驱动能量辐射高次谐波,高频声波更易被液体吸收,最终形成更低的远场声压。为了克服空化屏蔽,改善声空化的均匀性,提出了改变工作液体的空化阈值的思路。并就简单的双层液体系统进行了计算和实验,结果证实这种思路的正确性。     

声空化气泡成长及破裂研究

本文对液体内的声空化气泡的成长与破裂过程进行数值计算,得到各种情况下气泡壁的运动情况.通过对不同初始半径、不同频率下声空化气泡运动的计算,得到空化气泡半径小于共振半径,可以增强空化效果,而单一的增强声场的频率并不一定能加强声空化效果,为增强空化效果提供理论依据.研究各种信号作用下声空化气泡成长情况,明确方波信号激励下的...     

声致空化简介

文章对强声波尤其是超声波通过液体介质时发生空化现象的成因及其作用作一简介.     

含气泡液体中的非线性声传播

考虑到分布在液体中的气泡是声波在含气泡液体中传播时引起非线性的一个很重要的因素,本文研究了声波在含气泡液体中的非线性传播.将气体含量的影响引入到声波在液体中传播的方程中,从而得到声波在气液混合物中传播的数学模型.通过对该模型进行数值模拟发现,气体含量、驱动声场声压幅值及驱动声场作用时间均会影响到气液混合物中的声场分布及声压幅值大小.液体中的气泡会"阻滞"液体中声场的传播并将能量"聚集"在声源附近.对于连续大功率的驱动声场来说,液体中的气泡会"阻滞"气液混合物中声场及其能量的传播.     

含气泡液体中气泡振动的研究

研究了含气泡液体中单个气泡在驱动声场一定情况下的振动过程. 让每次驱动声场作用的时间特别短, 使气泡半径发生微小变化后再将其变化反馈到气泡群对驱动声场的散射作用中去, 从而可以得到某单个气泡周围受气泡散射影响后的声场, 接着再让气泡在该声场作用下做短时振动, 如此反复. 通过这样的方法, 研究了液体中单个气泡的振动情况并对其半径变化进行了数值模拟, 结果发现, 在液体中含有大量气泡的情况下, 某单个气泡的振动过程明显区别于液体中只有一个气泡的情况. 由于大量气泡和驱动声场的相互作用, 使气泡半径的变化存在多种不同的振动情况, 在不同的气泡大小和含量的情况下, 半径变化过程分别表现为: 在平衡位置附近振荡的过程; 周期性的空化过程; 一次空化过程后保持某一大小振荡的过程; 增长后维持某一大小振荡的过程等. 所以, 对于含气泡液体中气泡振动的研究, 在驱动声场一定的情况下, 必须考虑气泡含量的因素. 关键词： 含气泡液体 超声空化 散射 数值模拟     

液体薄层中的超声空化*

液体薄层中的超声空化,因其边界及所处空间的特殊性,而呈现出非常独特的空化结构和演化行为,在超声清洗、超声钎焊、表面处理、近场声悬浮、超声化学等领域都有所应用。该文梳理了近几年该课题组在液体薄层中的超声空化研究中的一些成果,力图揭示液体薄层内空泡、空化云、空化场的运动和分布规律,及其产生、发展和演化过程,以期对液体薄层中的超声空化行为有一个相对清晰和完整的认识。     

空化泡液体外围压强的分布

本文从空化泡动力学理论出发,分别讨论了空化泡在压缩和膨胀时液体中的压强分布情况,并作了数值模拟。研究结果表明,空化泡在膨胀和压缩时其外围压强分布明显不同,不能将其一并而论。发现当空化泡的半径增大时液体的压强在不断变化,压强是先变小后变大。而且这个压强的变化还与待测点距空化泡的距离有关。当空化泡的半径在不断变小时外界的压强在不断增大,当空化泡刚开始压缩时液体中的压强变化情况不是很明显,但当空化泡的半径变到1μm时,空化泡外界压强出现明显变化。当空化泡压缩到较小时,此时再增加外界压强空化泡的半径也不会在有很大的变化。     

液体中的声处理应用和声空化工程

1引言 声波在好几个方面有它广泛不可替代的用途，像声通讯、声检测、控制声、声控制等。在几个方面的用途中有声处理一项，这时利用了声的能量。本文只讨论液体中的声处理应用。在长时期的实验室试验中它显示了，并且继续在显示，强大的潜力，但比较奇特的是，这么大量的实验室成果，只有很少数转化为生产力。本文强调转化为生产力的有利性和紧迫性。本文并且指出，液体中声处理的基本机理多是声空化，因此，分析研究在液体中大规模或生产化声处理时声空化的特征和行为，     

声空化物理化学综合法制备发光多孔硅薄膜的微结构与发光特性

声空化所引发的特殊的物理、化学环境为制备高效发光的多孔硅薄膜提供了一条重要的途径.实验结果表明，声化学处理对于改善多孔硅的微结构，提高发光效率和发光稳定性都是一项非常有效的技术.超声波加强阳极电化学腐蚀制备发光多孔硅薄膜，比目前通用的常规方法制备的样品显示出更优良的性质.这种超声的化学效应源于声空化，即腐蚀液中气泡的形成、生长和急剧崩溃，在多孔硅的腐蚀过程中，孔中的氢气泡，由于超声波的作用增加了逸出比率和塌缩，有利于孔沿垂直方向的腐蚀. 关键词： 声空化方法 微结构 发光特性 多孔硅     

Numerical investigation on acoustic cavitation characteristics of an air-vapor bubble: Effect of equation of state for interior gases

The cavitation dynamics of an air-vapor mixture bubble with ultrasonic excitation can be greatly affected by the equation of state (EOS) for the interior gases. To simulate the cavitation dynamics, the Gilmore-Akulichev equation was coupled with the Peng–Robinson (PR) EOS or the Van der Waals (vdW) EOS. In this study, the thermodynamic properties of air and water vapor predicted by the PR and vdW EOS were first compared, and the results showed that the PR EOS gives a more accurate estimation of the gases within the bubble due to the less deviation from the experimental values. Moreover, the acoustic cavitation characteristics predicted by the Gilmore-PR model were compared to the Gilmore-vdW model, including the bubble collapse strength, the temperature, pressure and number of water molecules within the bubble. The results indicated that a stronger bubble collapse was predicted by the Gilmore-PR model rather than the Gilmore-vdW model, with higher temperature and pressure, as well as more water molecules within the collapsing bubble. More importantly, it was found that the differences between both models increase at higher ultrasound amplitudes or lower ultrasound frequencies while decreasing as the initial bubble radius and the liquid parameters (e.g., surface tension, viscosity and temperature of the surrounding liquid) increase. This study might offer important insights into the effects of the EOS for interior gases on the cavitation bubble dynamics and the resultant acoustic cavitation-associated effects, contributing to further optimization of its applications in sonochemistry and biomedicine.     

Dynamics and measurement of cavitation bubble

Based on the introduction of international progress, our investigations on acoustic cavitation have been reported. Firstly we considered the cavity’s dynamics under the drive of the asymmetrical acoustic pressure. An aspheric dynamical model was proposed and a new stable and aspheric solution was found in numerical simulation of the theoretical framework of the aspheric model. Then, a dual Mie-scattering technique was developed to measure the cavity’s aspheric pulsation. A significant asynchronous pulsation signal between two Mie-scattering channels was caught in the case of large cavity driven by low acoustic pressure. As a direct deduction, we observed an evidence of cavity’s aspheric pulsation. Furthermore, we studied the dependency of the asynchronous pulsation signal on the various parameters, such as the amplitude and frequency of the driving acoustic pressure, and the surface tension, viscosity and gas concentration of the liquid. Finally, we introduced a new numeric imaging technique to measure the shapes of the periodic pulsation cavities. The time-resolution was in the order of 20 ns, one order of magnitude lower than that in the previous work, say, 200 ns.     

行波驱动下空泡在可压缩流场中的运动特性研究

基于波动方程给出了计及可压缩性的边界积分方程. 以此为基础,求解行波驱动下非球状空泡的运动规律及其运动稳定性,并分析比较了行波频率、幅值以及初相位对空泡运动特性的影响. 研究结果表明：较高的行波频率与较低的幅值是空泡稳定运动的充分条件. 在一定幅值和频率的行波驱动下,空泡将在收缩阶段末期形成与行波传播方向相同的高速射流;计及流场可压缩性后,空泡脉动一次的时间减短,幅度减弱,射流顶点速度以及空泡内部压力的峰值随之减小;随着行波频率的增大或是幅值的降低,空泡脉动幅度与射流强度逐渐减弱;行波初相位的变化使空泡的初始运动状态随之改变,并影响非球状变形时的射流强度. 关键词： 可压缩 空泡 行波 运动特性     

含气量对液体中空泡声波频谱特性的影响

通过压电陶瓷（PZT）水听器获取了液体中激光空泡脉动辐射的声波,并计算了激光空泡在第1次脉动过程中泡内的含气量,结合空泡含气量对空泡最大半径及脉动周期影响的分析,进而分析了含气量对空泡声波频谱特性的影响。分析结果表明：激光空泡第1次脉动过程中泡内的含气量随着作用激光能量的增加而增加,含气量的多少将直接影响空泡运动的剧烈程度;含气量越多,空泡脉动越缓慢,脉动周期越长,空泡脉动辐射声波的峰值频率有向低频移动的趋势。     

含气量对液体中空泡声波频谱特性的影响

通过压电陶瓷（PZT）水听器获取了液体中激光空泡脉动辐射的声波,并计算了激光空泡在第1次脉动过程中泡内的含气量,结合空泡含气量对空泡最大半径及脉动周期影响的分析,进而分析了含气量对空泡声波频谱特性的影响。分析结果表明:激光空泡第1次脉动过程中泡内的含气量随着作用激光能量的增加而增加,含气量的多少将直接影响空泡运动的剧烈程度;含气量越多,空泡脉动越缓慢,脉动周期越长,空泡脉动辐射声波的峰值频率有向低频移动的趋势。     

Acoustic cavitation series: part one: Acoustic cavitation: an introduction

Acoustic cavitation has been an active area of research for at least 30 years and interest in the subject shows no sign of diminishing. Cavitation may occur whenever high intensity ultrasound is applied to liquids, for example in such important applications as sonar, industrial processing and bio-medical research. Future issues will carry a series of articles reviewing the physics and technology of acoustic cavitation, each contributed by a well-known specialist. The present introductory article is a preface to the series, covering background history, explaining the scope of the subject and defining terms in common use. Also included is a list of the major sources of reference presently available, in the form of books, reviews and collections of papers.     

Acoustic cavitation inception

This article presents a selective review of the subject of acoustic cavitation inception. Topics covered include cavitation threshold measurements, the role of dirt or pre-existing bubble nuclei in cavitation inception, radiation-induced acoustic cavitation, and a discussion of some unsolved problems such as cavitation thresholds in liquid helium and the effects of electric fields on thresholds.     

Acoustic characteristics of bubble bursting at the surface of a high-viscosity liquid

An acoustic pressure model of bubble bursting is proposed.An experiment studying the acoustic characteristics of the bursting bubble at the surface of a high-viscosity liquid is reported.It is found that the sudden bursting of a bubble at the high-viscosity liquid surface generates N-shape wave at first,then it transforms into a jet wave.The fundamental frequency of the acoustic signal caused by the bursting bubble decreases linearly as the bubble size increases.The results of the investigation can be used to understand the acoustic characteristics of bubble bursting.     

可压缩涡流场中空泡运动规律及声辐射特性研究

基于可压缩流体力学基本理论, 通过边界积分方程, 采用不同表面压力模型, 求解空泡在计及可压缩性的涡流场中的运动规律; 通过表面离散及坐标变换, 采用Kirchhoff动边界积分方程, 将空泡表面视为运动变形边界, 作为直接噪声源, 获得涡流场中空泡运动产生的时域声压分布; 分析了涡流场参数对空泡运动规律及声辐射特性的影响. 研究结果表明: 计及流场可压缩性, 空泡的脉动幅度会随时间减弱, 辐射声压幅值随之减小; 空泡在涡流场中会发生延展、 颈缩、 撕裂, 并在撕裂后子空泡中形成射流; 当流场中的压力减小时, 空泡运动过程中的最大半径与撕裂前的最大长度逐渐增加, 且当流场中压力较小时, 空泡撕裂时形成的子空泡增多; 空泡辐射声压的指向性较弱, 撕裂会使辐射声压产生突变, 形成极大峰值; 随着涡通量的增大或空泡数的减小, 空泡脉动周期及其诱导的辐射声压波动周期随之延长, 辐射声压峰值逐渐滞后并减小. 本文结果旨在为涡流场中空泡运动规律及声辐射特性的相关研究提供参考. 关键词： 可压缩 涡流场 空泡 声辐射     

Acoustic cavitation structures produced by artificial implants of nuclei

High-density controllable bubble structures are produced in the vicinity of radiating surface by artificially implant nuclei. Two kinds of typical cavitation structures produced by artificially implant nuclei are investigated. The focusing action and the physical origin of jet-induced cone-like bubble structure are analyzed. The sonochemical activity of cavitation structures is measured by using the standard method of potassium iodide dosimetry. The controllability of cavitation bubble cluster in the acoustic field is also discussed in this work.