生物模板法制备纳米氧化锌

本文以油菜花粉为生物模板、硝酸锌为锌源制备了一种分级多孔结构的纳米氧化锌。采用SEM、TEM、XRD和FTIR等技术手段对其进行了表征。实验结果表明,采用油菜花粉为生物模板制备的氧化锌纳米材料为六方纤锌矿结构,较好地复制了花粉的分级多孔结构。同时,研究了制备条件诸如煅烧温度和反应物浓度对产物结构、形貌和尺度的影响。     

分级多孔结构ZnO的秸秆生物模板法制备及光催化性能

以玉米秸秆为生物模板,经过焙烧工艺制备了具有秸秆分级多孔结构的ZnO纳米材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析、氮气吸附-脱附分析(BET)、紫外-可见温反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对样品的组成和微观结构进行表征.结果表明,通过模板法制备的ZnO为纤锌矿型,具有分级多孔结构,晶体粒径为46.2 nm,材料比表面积为32.8m~2/g.以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,氙灯光照3.0 h后,采用模板法制备的ZnO对亚甲基蓝的降解率明显高于无模板ZnO,分别为98%和74%.研究了污染物浓度、催化剂投加量及重复使用对降解率的影响,结果表明,模板法制备的ZnO光催化性能稳定,可多次回收利用,重复使用5次后其降解率维持在95%.     

ZrO2中空微球的模板法制备及吸附性能研究

以油菜花粉为生物模板,通过温和易控的水浴-陈化法制备了纳/微米结构ZrO2中空微球.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面孔隙度分析、热分析等对所制备的产物和前驱体进行了表征,并对产物的吸附性能进行了初步的研究.结果表明,ZrO2中空微球的球壳由纳米粒子构筑并形成介孔结构.花粉模板前处理方式不同,其模板作用不同,可以获得两种不同球壳厚度、表面形貌和比表面积的ZrO2中空微球.其中"镂空"结构的ZrO2微球对铬黑T有良好的吸附性能.对ZrO2中空结构形成的机理进行了分析和讨论.     

Template Synthesis and Adsorption of Hollow Zr02 Microspheres

以油菜花粉为生物模板,通过温和易控的水浴-陈化法制备了纳/微米结构ZrO2中空微球.利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线能谱（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面孔隙度分析、热分析等对所制备的产物和前驱体进行了表征,并对产物的吸附性能进行了初步的研究.结果表明,ZrO2中空微球的球壳由纳米粒子构筑并形成介孔结构.花粉模板前处理方式不同,其模板作用不同,可以获得两种不同球壳厚度、表面形貌和比表面积的ZrO2中空微球.其中＂镂空＂结构的ZrO2微球对铬黑T有良好的吸附性能.对ZrO2中空结构形成的机理进行了分析和讨论.     

AuPt合金泡沫膜的制备及其电催化性能研究

采用阴极共沉积氢气泡动态模板法成功地制备了AuPt合金薄膜,这种三维分级多孔结构是由连通的枝晶壁构成。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分别对泡沫膜的形貌、物相、表面组成进行了表征。结果表明:由于多孔结构、电子效应和集合效应的影响,AuPt合金对甲酸的电催化氧化表现出高催化活性。     

碳布/纳米氧化锌/碳纳米管复合结构测定葡萄糖

利用水热法在三维柔性碳布上规模化集成了氧化锌纳米线阵列,之后通过纳米结构的自吸附效应在碳布/氧化锌结构上修饰碳纳米管以提高集成结构的导电性和比表面积。测试结果表明,碳纳米管致密地吸附在了氧化锌纳米线顶端,形成碳纳米管悬浮网络。采用两步法制备的碳布/氧化锌/碳纳米管分级结构,具有改进的电化学特性,相比于碳布/氧化锌结构,其比电容提高了约2.5倍,电化学阻抗值Rct减小到25%。将其应用于葡萄糖传感器,在1~7 mmol/L的浓度范围内对葡萄糖具有线性响应特性,其灵敏度为2.5 m A(mol/L)-1·cm-2。该集成结构具有优良的电学/电化学特性和生物兼容性,将在生物传感领域展现广阔的应用前景。     

分级有序多孔磺化碳催化果糖转化制5-羟甲基糠醛

采用双模板自组装、炭化、氢氟酸蚀刻和磺化等手段制备了具有分级有序多孔结构的磺化碳(SCHOP),并分别在500、600和700℃考察了炭化温度对分级有序多孔碳微观结构的影响;以催化果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)为探针反应,评价了SCHOP的催化效果。结果表明,500℃焙烧所制备的SCHOP具有最高的催化活性。SEM、TEM和N2吸附-脱附表明,所制备的催化剂具有规整的分级有序孔结构,但过高的炭化温度会降低炭材料微观结构的有序性;FT-IR、EDS和-SO3H含量测定表明,通过磺化可在碳基体上有效引入磺酸基,炭化温度过高会降低炭材料的芳香性,不利于磺酸基的引入。130℃下反应20 min,果糖的转化率和5-HMF的收率分别高达96.1%和93.4%,表明SCHOP是一种高效固体酸催化剂。     

生物形态的高性能材料

经过长期进化,生物质已经形成了复杂的分级胞状结构。这些结构为生物体生长和发育提供了传输水分和营养物质的快速通道。由生物质转化形成的高性能材料,不仅保持了材料本身的优良性质,而且还具有生物质的宏观形貌和微观结构特征。由于具有丰富的分级多孔结构和优良的机械性能,生物形态材料在催化、分离与吸附和高温尾气处理等领域具有广泛的应用前景。目前,各种不同类型的生物质已被广泛用来制备生物形态的高性能材料。本文结合国内外研究进展综述了生物形态材料的制备技术、材料种类以及应用情况。     

生物形态的高性能材料

经过长期进化,生物质已经形成了复杂的分级胞状结构.这些结构为生物体生长和发育提供了传输水分和营养物质的快速通道.由生物质转化形成的高性能材料,不仅保持了材料本身的优良性质,而且还具有生物质的宏观形貌和微观结构特征.由于具有丰富的分级多孔结构和优良的机械性能,生物形态材料在催化、分离与吸附和高温尾气处理等领域具有广泛的应用前景.目前,各种不同类型的生物质已被广泛用来制备生物形态的高性能材料.本文结合国内外研究进展综述了生物形态材料的制备技术、材料种类以及应用情况.     

生物形态的高性能材料

经过长期进化,生物质已经形成了复杂的分级胞状结构.这些结构为生物体生长和发育提供了传输水分和营养物质的快速通道.由生物质转化形成的高性能材料,不仅保持了材料本身的优良性质,而且还具有生物质的宏观形貌和微观结构特征.由于具有丰富的分级多孔结构和优良的机械性能,生物形态材料在催化、分离与吸附和高温尾气处理等领域具有广泛的应用前景.目前,各种不同类型的生物质已被广泛用来制备生物形态的高性能材料.本文结合国内外研究进展综述了生物形态材料的制备技术、材料种类以及应用情况.     

模板法制备无机纳米材料的研究进展

模板法在无机纳米材料的制备过程中能够有效地控制形貌、粒径和结构,已成为合成无机纳米材料的前沿方法。综述了模板法制备无机纳米材料的研究进展,主要介绍了硬模板剂(多孔阳极氧化铝、介孔碳)和软模板剂(高分子聚合物、生物高分子)的制备及其应用,结合模板法的作用机制,重点论述了不同种类的模板剂在无机纳米材料制备过程中对于形貌的影响。并对模板法制备无机纳米材料的前景和现存问题进行了总结。参考文献35篇。     

溶胶浸渍模板法制备有序多孔氧化钛、氧化锌薄膜

采用溶胶浸渍模板法制备了有序多孔的氧化钛(TiO₂)和氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜。首先，在洁净的玻璃基片上通过浸渍-提拉工艺组装有序的聚苯乙烯微球(PS)阵列模板；然后再采用溶胶浸渍法将TiO₂和ZnO溶胶灌充到PS模板微球的间隙内；最后通过煅烧去除PS而得多孔薄膜。采用SEM观察了薄膜的表面形貌，并用XRD对薄膜的性能进行了表征。结果表明，溶胶的浓度对薄膜形貌有着显著的影响。经煅烧后，TiO₂和ZnO薄膜分别为锐钛矿和六方纤锌矿结构。此外，对模板的组装及溶胶的灌注过程进行了分析。     

Preparation and Gas Sensing Performance of Hierarchical Porous ZnO-based Materials with Sunflower Rods as a Biological Template

A graded porous structure SnO2/ZnO composite was prepared with sunflower rods as a biological template. The prepared samples were subjected to phase analysis by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffractiometry(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).ZnO sample was a pure phase of hexagonal wurtzite, and the template had been completely removed. The surface of the sample presented a honeycomb-like structure of a sunflower rod template, which was formed by interconnecting the porous channels, and had a smaller average size and exhibited n-n heterojunction at tlie n-type ZnO interface. Compared with that of pure ZnO, the response of the hierarchical porous structure SnO2/ZnO composite to 100 mg/L w-butanol reached a maximiuTi of 40.61 at 240℃, about 2.7 times higher than that of pure ZnO. Its response time and recovery time are 6 and 3 s, respectively, which are also better than those of pure ZnO. SnO2/ZnO composite exhibits good gas selectivity, which is related to the improvement of the structure and the forming of n-n heterojunctions of the material.     

Templated electrosynthesis of nanomaterials and porous structures

Templated electrosynthesis is a simple and versatile method that has been widely used to form nanomaterials and porous structures in materials science. The technique permits dimension-controlled materials synthesis. A variety of templates have been employed to define the morphology of conductive materials in electrodeposition. The formation of those materials has triggered intensive study and development of various novel properties and potential applications. This review presents recent advances in templated electrosynthesis as a method to fabricate nanomaterials and porous structures.     

Luminescence Property and Synthesis of Sulfur-doped ZnO Nanowires by Electrochemical Deposition

"Sulfur-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were successfully synthesized by an electric field-assisted electrochemical deposition in porous anodized aluminum oxide template at room temperature. The structure, morphology, chemical composition and photoluminescence properties of the as-synthesized ZnO:S nanostructures were investigated. X-ray diffraction and the selected area electron diffraction results reveal that the as-ynthesized products are single phase with hexagonal wurtzite structure with a highly preferential orientation in the (101) direction. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that the nanowires are niform with an average diameter of 70 nm and length up to several tens of micrometers. X-ray photoelectron pectroscopy further reveals the presence of S in the ZnO nanowires. Room-temperature photoluminescences observed in the sulfur-doped ZnO nanowires which exhibits strong near-band-edge ultraviolet peaks at 378 and 392 nm and weak green emissions at 533 and 507 nm. A blue emission at 456 nm and violet emissions at around 406, 420, and 434 nm were also observed in the PL spectrum for the as-synthesized ZnO:S nanowires. The PL spectrum shows that S-doping had an obvious effect on the luminescence property of typical ZnO nanowires."     

The one-step preparation and electrochemical characteristics of tin dioxide nanocrystalline materials

Tin dioxide nanocrystallines were prepared by one-step synthesis method – using amphiphilic P123 as a template. The crystalline nanomaterials present the uniform nano-size 15 nm and somewhat ordered porous meso-frameworks with average pores sizes of 3.5 and 9.5 nm. Meanwhile, the nanomaterials as the anode materials in lithium ion battery deliver high reversible capacity 792 mAh g⁻¹ in the first cycle, which is equal to the theoretical capacity. No aggregation of nano-tin particles was observed and the cracking of structure by the large volume change is efficiently limited owing to the porous mesostructured nanomaterials in the charge/discharge processes. The improved electrochemical properties are attributed to the particle size and structure of materials.     

Gold tubes membrane with novel morphology replicated from ZnO template

Gold tubes membrane with novel morphology was fabricated on glass substrate by electroless plating gold on ZnO crystals array, and then annealing and removing the ZnO template by acid erosion. The morphology and size of the gold tubes membrane were decided by ZnO template. Hexagonal gold tubes membrane and double-wall gold tubes membrane were obtained, which enjoys some potential usage in electrode modification or chemical separation due to their huge surface area and unique geometric structure. SEM images show that those gold tubes in membrane are hollowed hexagonal columns with a closed head and an open bottom. Further researches found that two main factors determined the success of replication: the gold seeds (4-5 nm in diameter) immobilized on ZnO surface through APTMS (3-Aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane) before gold electroless plating and the annealing condition after electroless plating.     

Preparation and characterization of porous TiO_2/ZnO composite nanofibers via electrospinning

<正>Porous TiO_2/ZnO composite nanofibers have been successfully prepared by electrospinning technique for the first time.It was generated by calcining TiO_2/ZnCl_2/PVP[PVP:polyvinyl pyrrolidone)]nanofibers,which were electrospun from a mixture solution of TiO_2,ZnCl_2 and PVP.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses were used to identify the morphology of the TiO_2/ZnO nanofibers and a formation of inorganic TiO_2/ZnO fibers.The porous structure of the TiO_2/ZnO fibers was characterized by N_2 adsoption/desorption isotherm.Surface photovoltage spectroscopy(SPS) and photocatalytic activity measurements revealed advance properties of the porous TiO_2/ZnO composite nanofibers and the results were compared with pure TiO_2 nanofibers,pure ZnO nanofibers and TiO_2/ZnO nanoparticles.     

Metal-organic frameworks-derived hierarchical ZnO structures as efficient sensing materials for formaldehyde detection

Semiconducting metal oxides have been considered as effective approach for designing high-performance chemical sensing materials. In this paper, a kind of metal-organic frameworks ZIF-8 was used as sacrificed template to prepare porous ZnO hollow nanocubes for the application in gas sensing. It is found that changing calcination temperature and solvent can greatly influence the morphology of the material, which finally affects the gas sensing performance. Acetylene-sensing properties of the sensors were investigated in detail. It can be clearly seen that the material used methanol as reaction solvent with the decomposition at 350 °C for 2 h (ZnO-350-M) showed the optimal formaldehyde-sensing behaviors compared with other materials prepared in this experiment. The dynamic transients of the ZnO-350-M-based sensors demonstrated a high response value (about 10), fast response and recovery rate (4 s and 4 s, respectively) and good selectivity towards 100 ppm (part per million) formaldehyde as well as a low detectable limit (1 ppm). As exemplified for the sensing investigation towards formaldehyde, the porous ZnO hollow nanocubes showed a significantly improved chemical sensitivity due to the highly synergistic effects from the well exposed surfaces, defect states and the robust ZnO.     

ZnO porous structures synthesized by CTAB-assisted hydrothermal process

ZnO porous structures have been fabricated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated that the synthesized ZnO porous structures were hexagonal. It is found that CTAB influences the morphology of ZnO structures. On the basis of structural information provided by XRD, SEM, and TEM, a growth mechanism is proposed for the formation of ZnO porous structures.