超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆与尿液中14种麻痹性贝类毒素北大核心CSCD

人体生物基质中麻痹性贝类毒素的检测对其引起的食物中毒诊断和救治具有重要意义。研究建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆、尿液中14种麻痹性贝类毒素的分析方法。实验比较了不同固相萃取柱的影响,优化了前处理条件和色谱条件,血浆样品采用0.2 mL水、0.4 mL甲醇、0.6 mL乙腈提取后直接上机测定,尿液样品采用0.2 mL水、0.4 mL甲醇、0.6 mL乙腈提取,聚酰胺(PA)固相萃取柱净化后上机测定。采用Poroshell 120 HILIC-Z色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm)对14种贝类毒素进行分离,流动相为含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的5 mmoL/L甲酸铵缓冲溶液和0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液,流速为0.50 mL/min。在电喷雾模式(ESI)下进行正负离子扫描,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,对于血浆和尿液样品,14种贝类毒素分别在0.24~84.06 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995。尿液检测的定量限为4.80~34.40 ng/mL,血浆检测的定量限为1.68~12.04 ng/mL。尿液和血浆样品在1、2和10倍定量限加标水平下平均回收率为70.4%~123.4%,日内精密度为2.3%~19.1%,日间精密度为4.0%~16.2%。应用建立的方法对腹腔注射14种贝类毒素小鼠血浆和尿液进行测定,20份血浆样本中检出含量分别为19.40~55.60μg/L和8.75~13.86μg/L。该方法操作简便,样品取样量少,方法灵敏度高,适用于血浆和尿液中麻痹性贝类毒素的快速检测。     

盐析效应结合顶空气相色谱质谱法测定香精香料中甲醇含量

利用盐析效应结合顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用仪,建立了一种快速、准确检测香精香料中甲醇含量的方法.方法以5 mol/L NaCl溶液为顶空基质校正剂,试验得线性范围为0.8~200 ng/mL(r~2=0.999 9,n=6),检出限为0.25ng/mL,定量限为0.84 ng/mL,日内精密度1.8%,日间精密度4.2%,样品加标回收率为96.51%~114.98%.测得随机抽取的10个含有香精香料样品中甲醇的质量浓度在0.0~8.4 ng/mL之间.方法无需前处理,灵敏度高,选择性好,定性准确,适用于香精香料中甲醇含量的测定.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定沉积物中11种藻毒素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定沉积物中11种藻毒素的方法。沉积物经冷冻干燥、粉碎过筛,用0.1 mol/L EDTA-Na4P2O7溶液涡旋超声提取,经HLB固相萃取小柱净化后,用甲醇-0.2%甲酸洗脱、浓缩并氮吹定容至1 m L。经Waters BEH C18色谱小柱,以乙腈-0.2%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱分离后,在电喷雾正离子模式下,以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱多级监测模式(MRM)外标法进行定性定量分析。结果表明:沉积物中11种藻毒素的检出限为1.0~5.0 ng/kg。对同一环境样品进行了0.1、1.0、4.0μg/kg不同水平的加标回收试验,平均回收率为70.3%~112.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%~9.3%。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可应用于沉积物中11种藻毒素的快速监测。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速测定水产品中微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素

通过超声提取、固相萃取纯化、超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术快速测定水产品中的微囊藻毒素-RR、-YR、-LR和节球藻毒素.分别采用选择离子监测质荷比(m/z)为519.84、1045.66、995.67、825.54分子离子峰进行定量分析.该法检出限为5.0～10.0μg/kg,在浓度0.02～5mg/kg的范围内,峰面积与样品浓度呈良好线性关系;4种藻毒素的回收率为76.2％～93.7％,相对标准偏差为2.0％～7.1％.采用上述方法对45个太湖水产品样品进行测定,发现有少量水产品中存在藻毒素污染,其中微囊藻毒素-RR最高含量为15.2μg/kg,微囊藻毒素-LR最高含量为0.84μg/kg,MC-YR、节球藻毒素均未检出.此方法可作为监测水产品体内蓄积藻毒素的分析方法.     

管式磁微粒化学发光免疫分析法测定玉米样品中的黄曲霉毒素B1

开发了一种管式磁微粒化学发光免疫分析法测定玉米样品中黄曲霉毒素B1的方法,该方法使待测玉米样品中的黄曲霉毒素B1、辣根过氧化物酶标记的黄曲霉毒素B1与异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的黄曲霉毒素B1单克隆抗体在均相体系中发生竞争性免疫反应,再加入用抗FITC抗体包被的磁微粒作分离剂,抗原抗体复合物结合在磁微粒上,在磁场中经分离、洗涤后加发光底物,检测发光强度,测定玉米样品中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量.此方法标准曲线线性范围为0.05～5ng/mL,检测限为0.02ng/mL,批内相对标准偏差小于9%,批间相对标准偏差小于15%,具有良好的稳定性和重现性.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物血浆中21种霉菌毒素或其代谢物残留

建立了同时检测动物血浆中黄曲霉毒素B1等21种霉菌毒素或其代谢物残留的液相色谱-串联质谱方法.动物血浆样品中加入0.1％甲酸-乙腈溶液、NaCl和无水MgSO4进行萃取,无水MgSO4和C18,PSA,A-AL对提取液进行脱水净化,经浓缩、复溶和离心后,再进行测定.采用反相C18色谱柱分离,以0.1％甲酸-0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和0.1％甲酸-甲醇溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)多反应监测离子模式(MRM)进行检测,基质标准曲线外标法进行定量分析,线性范围在0.05 ～ 100 ng/mL之间,方法的定量限为0.05 ～0.5 ng/mL.在高、中、低3个添加浓度水平下,21种霉菌毒素的平均回收率为62.0％ ～ 116.4％,相对标准偏差小于19％.     

基于中性解吸-电喷雾萃取电离质谱直接检测蜂蜜中的四环素

基于中性解吸-电喷雾萃取电离质谱(ND-EESI-MS)建立了无需样品预处理即可直接检测蜂蜜中四环素的方法. 测定结果表明, 加标蜂蜜四环素样品在20~1000 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(R²>0.997), 检出限为1.08 ng/mL; 加标浓度为50, 500和1000 ng/mL蜂蜜样品的回收率分别为94.26%, 98.38%和103.00%, 精密度(RSD)分别为3.28%, 1.39%和1.12%. 应用此方法对8种市售蜂蜜进行检测, 发现2种蜂蜜中含有痕量的四环素, 其余蜂蜜均未检出, 而应用高效液相色法在这8种市售蜂蜜中均未检出四环素. 本方法无需经过复杂的样品预处理, 灵敏度高、 精密度好、 分析速度快且特异性强, 能够承受蜂蜜中复杂基体的影响, 是一种快速检测蜂蜜中四环素的方法.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱内标法同时测定地表水中7种微囊藻毒素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)内标法同时测定地表水中7种微囊藻毒素。样品经0.22μm滤膜过滤后直接进样分析,采用亮氨酸脑啡肽作为内标物,7种目标物在相应浓度范围内线性相关系数在0.997以上,方法检出限为0.143~0.468μg/L;在3个添加浓度水平下的回收率为88.1%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为2.15%~7.63%。7种微囊藻毒素在4min内即可完成含量的测定。该方法快速、简便、重复性好,满足日常对微囊藻毒素检测的要求,适合藻毒素污染的应急突发事件的快速定性定量测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定紫菜中三种三取代有机锡化合物

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时测定紫菜中三甲基锡(TMT)、三苯基锡(TPhT)和三丁基锡(TBT)的分析新方法。样品用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶1,V/V)混合溶剂进行超声提取,提取液经氮吹至近干,并用甲醇和水混合溶液(7∶3,V/V)定容,经活性炭净化。采用ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液(55∶45,V/V),流速为0.3mL/min。在正离子模式下采用多重反应模式(MRM)进行监测。有机锡化合物在1~100ng/mL浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9902~0.9918之间,TMT、TPhT和TBT的检测限分别为0.2ng/mL、0.4ng/mL和0.2ng/mL。在25、75ng/mL两个添加水平下回收率在72.3%~98.0%之间,其相对标准偏差均小于8.1%。该方法可用于紫菜中三种三取代有机锡化合物的同时测定。     

滤过型萃取柱-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水果中11种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水果中杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂等11种常见农药的方法.水果样品经乙腈提取,提取液经滤过型萃取柱(m-PFC)净化,正离子多反应模式(MRM)监测,外标法定量.水果中11种农药的检出限为1~3µg/kg,在1.0~100.0 ng/mL的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r不低于0.9969.在样品基质中分别添加5、20、50µg/kg的标准品进行加标回收试验,11种农药的平均回收率为88.9%~110.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%~8.5%(n=6).方法操作简单、灵敏度高,能够准确测定水果中11种农药残留.     

Quantitative determination of pravastatin and its metabolite 3α‐hydroxy pravastatin in plasma and urine of pregnant patients by LC‐MS/MS

This report describes the development and validation of a chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of pravastatin and its metabolite (3α‐hydroxy pravastatin) in plasma and urine of pregnant patients under treatment with pravastatin, as part of a clinical trial. The method includes a one‐step sample preparation by liquid–liquid extraction. The extraction recovery of the analytes ranged between 93.8 and 99.5% in plasma. The lower limits of quantitation of the analytes in plasma samples were 0.106 ng/mL for pravastatin and 0.105 ng/mL for 3α‐hydroxy pravastatin, while in urine samples they were 19.7 ng/mL for pravastatin and 2.00 ng/mL for 3α‐hydroxy pravastatin. The relative deviation of this method was <10% for intra‐ and interday assays in plasma and urine samples, and the accuracy ranged between 97.2 and 106% in plasma, and between 98.2 and 105% in urine. The method described in this report was successfully utilized for determining the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin in pregnant patients enrolled in a pilot clinical trial for prevention of preeclampsia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ionic‐liquid‐mediated poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐ grafted carbon nanotube fiber prepared by the sol–gel technique for the head space solid‐phase microextraction of methyl tert‐butyl ether using GC

A headspace solid‐phase microextraction method was developed for the preconcentration and extraction of methyl tert‐butyl ether. An ionic‐liquid‐mediated multiwalled carbon nanotube–poly(dimethylsiloxane) hybrid coating, which was prepared by covalent functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with hydroxyl‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) using the sol–gel technique, was used as solid‐phase microextraction adsorbent. This innovative fiber exhibited a highly porous surface structure, high thermal stability (at least 320°C) and long lifespan (over 210 uses). Potential factors affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method LOD (S/N = 3) was 0.007 ng/mL and the LOQ (S/N = 10) was 0.03 ng/mL. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.03–200 ng/mL. The RSDs for one fiber (repeatability, n = 5) at three different concentrations (0.05, 1, and 150 ng/mL) were 5.1, 4.2, and 4.6% and for the fibers obtained from different batches (reproducibility, n = 3) were 6.5, 5.9, and 6.3%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of methyl tert‐butyl ether in different real water samples on three consecutive days. The relative recoveries for the spiked samples with 0.05, 1, and 150 ng/mL were between 94–104%.     

Preparation of flower-like molybdenum disulfide for solid-phase extraction of N-nitrosoamines in environmental water samples

In this paper, a flower-like molybdenum disulfide material was prepared by hydrothermal method and was first used as adsorbents in the solid-phase extraction process for enriching N-nitrosoamines. Molybdenum disulfide exhibited three-dimensional petal-like microspheres with about 500 nm in diameter. The relevant analyte extraction and elution parameters (sample volumes, solution pH, washing solvents, elution solvents, and elution volumes) were optimized to improve the solid-phase extraction efficiency. The solid-phase extraction process coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determining N-nitrosoamines in environmental water samples was established. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.01–0.05 ng/mL. The satisfactory recoveries (68.9–106.1%) were obtained at three different spiked concentrations (2, 5, and 8 ng/mL) in water samples, and the relative standard deviations were between 1.96 and 8.38%. This proposed method not only showed high sensitivity and good reusability but also provided a new adsorbent for enriching trace N-nitrosoamines in environmental water samples.     

Electro‐driven extraction of inorganic anions from water samples and water miscible organic solvents and analysis by ion chromatography

A simple electromembrane extraction (EME) procedure combined with ion chromatography (IC) was developed to quantify inorganic anions in different pure water samples and water miscible organic solvents. The parameters affecting extraction performance, such as supported liquid membrane (SLM) solvent, extraction time, pH of donor and acceptor solutions, and extraction voltage were optimized. The optimized EME conditions were as follows: 1‐heptanol was used as the SLM solvent, the extraction time was 10 min, pHs of the acceptor and donor solutions were 10 and 7, respectively, and the extraction voltage was 15 V. The mobile phase used for IC was a combination of 1.8 mM sodium carbonate and 1.7 mM sodium bicarbonate. Under these optimized conditions, all anions had enrichment factors ranging from 67 to 117 with RSDs between 7.3 and 13.5% (n = 5). Good linearity values ranging from 2 to 1200 ng/mL with coefficients of determination (R²) between 0.987 and 0.999 were obtained. The LODs of the EME‐IC method ranged from 0.6 to 7.5 ng/mL. The developed method was applied to different samples to evaluate the feasibility of the method for real applications.     

Graphene‐coated fiber for solid‐phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in water samples

Graphene is a novel and interesting carbon material that could be used for the separation and purification of some chemical compounds. In this investigation, graphene was used as a novel fiber‐coating material for the solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) of four triazine herbicides (atrazine, prometon, ametryn and prometryn) in water samples. The main parameters that affect the extraction and desorption efficiencies, such as the extraction time, stirring rate, salt addition, desorption solvent and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The optimized SPME by graphene‐coated fiber coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) was successfully applied for the determination of the four triazine herbicides in water samples. The linearity of the method was in the range from 0.5 to 200 ng/mL, with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9989 to 0.9998. The limits of detection of the method were 0.05‐0.2 ng/mL. The relative standard deviations varied from 3.5 to 4.9% (n=5). The recoveries of the triazine herbicides from water samples at spiking levels of 20.0 and 50.0 ng/mL were in the range between 86.0 and 94.6%. Compared with two commercial fibers (CW/TPR, 50 μm; PDMS/DVB, 60 μm), the graphene‐coated fiber showed higher extraction efficiency.     

Evaluation of a method for the simultaneous quantification of N‐nitrosamines in water samples based on stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection

A simple, sensitive, and reliable procedure based on stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was applied to simultaneously extract and determine three semipolar nitrosamines including N‐nitrosodibutylamine, N‐nitrosodiphenylamine, and N‐nitrosodicyclohexylamine. To achieve the optimum conditions, the effective parameters on the extraction efficiency including desorption solvent and time, ionic strength of sample, extraction time, and sample volume were systematically investigated. The optimized extraction procedure was carried out by stir bars coated with polydimethylsiloxane. Under optimum extraction conditions, the performance of the proposed method was studied. The linear dynamic range was obtained in the range of 0.95–1000 ng/mL (r = 0.9995), 0.26–1000 ng/mL (r = 0.9988) and both 0.32–100 ng/mL (r = 0.9999) and 100–1000 ng/mL (r = 0.9998) with limits of detection of 0.28, 0.08, and 0.09 ng/mL for N‐nitrosodibutylamine, N‐nitrosodiphenylamine, and N‐nitrosodicyclohexylamine, respectively. The average recoveries were obtained >81%, and the reproducibility of the proposed method presented as intra‐ and interday precision were also found with a relative standard deviation <6%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of selected nitrosamines in various water and wastewater samples and the obtained results were confirmed using mass spectrometry.     

Membrane protected conductive polymer as micro‐SPE device for the determination of triazine herbicides in aquatic media

A micro‐SPE technique was developed by fabricating a rather small package including a polypropylene membrane shield containing the appropriate sorbent. The package was used for the extraction of some triazine herbicides from aqueous samples. Solvent desorption was subsequently performed in a microvial and an aliquot of extractant was injected into GC‐MS. Various sorbents including aniline‐ortho‐phenylene diamine copolymer, newly synthesized, polypyrrole, multiwall carbon nanotube, C18 and charcoal were examined as extracting media. Among them, conductive polymers exhibited better performance. Influential parameters including extraction and desorption time, desorption solvent and the ionic strength were optimized. The developed method proved to be rather convenient and offers sufficient sensitivity and good reproducibility. The detection limits of the method under optimized conditions were in the range of 0.01–0.04 ng/mL. The RSDs at a concentration level of 0.1 ng/mL were obtained between 4.5 and 9.3% (n=5). The calibration curves of analytes showed linearity in the range of 0.05–10 ng/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to the extraction of selected triazines from real water samples. The whole procedure showed to be conveniently applicable and quite easy to manipulate.     

水产品中多种雌激素残留的质谱分析方法研究

建立了同时测定7种雌激素残留的液相色谱一串联质谱法．在最优条件下,待测物呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0．9957,检测限介于0．5000—50．00ng／mL范围．鱼肉组织经C18小柱净化浓缩,4．0mL乙腈一水（体积比5：95,％）淋洗,2．0mL乙腈－水（体积比95：5,％）洗脱．三类鱼肉样品中（鲷鱼、龙胆鱼、多宝鱼）均检出双酚A和己二烯雌酚,部分样品中检出雌二醇和雌酮,加标回收率为85．70％～120．9％．方法快速、准确,适用于水产品中雌激素多残留的高效测定．     

Graphene oxide as a micro‐solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the enrichment of parabens from water and vinegar samples

A simple hydrophilic polyamide organic membrane protected micro‐solid‐phase extraction method with graphene oxide as the sorbent was developed for the enrichment of some parabens from water and vinegar samples prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The main experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiencies, such as the type and amount of the sorbent, extraction time, stirring rate, salt addition, sample solution pH and desorption conditions, were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method showed a good linearity in the range of 0.1–100.0 ng/mL for water samples and 0.5–100.0 ng/mL for vinegar samples, with the correlation coefficients varying from 0.9978 to 0.9997. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of the method were in the range of 0.005–0.010 ng/mL for water samples and 0.01–0.05 ng/mL for vinegar samples, respectively. The recoveries of the method for the analytes at spiking levels of 5.0 and 70.0 ng/mL were between 84.6 and 106.4% with the relative standard deviations varying from 4.2 to 9.5%. The results indicated that the developed method could be a practical approach for the determination of paraben residues in water and vinegar samples.