AOTF成像光谱仪光学系统的最优方案选择

基于声光可调谐滤波器（AOTF）的成像光谱仪是一种新型的成像光谱仪,它除了具有一般成像光谱仪的二维空间信息与一维光谱信息外,还能获得目标的偏振信息。在实际应用中AOTF可接收的光束孔径角一般不大于5～6,因而受到所采用声光晶体可接收角度的限制,AOTF光谱成像仪的光学系统不能同时兼顾大孔径与大视场。要求AOTF成像光谱仪视场满足128128像元,TeO2晶体尺寸为10 mm10 mm,根据声光可调谐滤波器成像光谱仪光学系统的特点,分析比较了2种光学系统总体方案,最终将系统的孔径光栏放置在晶体上,TeO2晶体尺寸限制了孔径光栏的尺寸,晶体可接收的角度决定了系统的视场角,提高了能量利用率,获得较高的图像信噪比。     

La_3Ga_5SiO_(14)声光可调谐滤波器设计

分析了La3Ga5SiO14(简称LGS)既可以做成同向声光可调谐滤波器,又可以做成大孔径非同向声光可调谐滤波器。推导出超声波频率f和光波波长λo的调谐关系;计算出滤波器的光谱分辨率R和集光能力δiθ;光入射角iθ与衍射角θd、声入射角θa之间的关系。为LGS声光可调滤波器的实用化设计提供了充分可靠的理论依据。把LGS与TeO2声光可调滤波器的光谱分辨率和集光能力做了比较,认为LGS设计成同向声光可调谐滤波器既简便又实用。     

TeO2晶体中非同向声光互作用的精确分析

在分析了关于非同向声光可调谐滤光器的两种设计理论的基础上,得到了在严格满足切面平行动量匹配条件下,大角孔径可调谐TeO_2滤光器的θ_a-θ_i曲线.所得的曲线明显地修正了Chang的θ_a-θ_i曲线,对TeO_2声光滤光器的正确设计提供了可靠的理论依据.     

Design and analysis of a noncollinear acousto-optic tunable filter

The design of the noncollinear acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is commonly based on the parallel tangents momentum-matching condition. Previous studies either have used an approximation of the birefringence of the interaction material or have ignored the rotatory property of TeO(2). These approaches would obviously decrease the accuracy of designing an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). We introduce an analysis method of calculating the optimum incident optical angle. Besides, an appropriate optical wedge on the output optical facet is designed to reduce the wavelength dependence of the diffracted beam angle, which is very significant in practical applications of AOTF.     

二氧化碲非同向声光可调谐滤波器的设计分析

在分析非同向声光可调谐滤波器器件设计理论的基础上，同时考虑声光晶体的双折射和旋光特征，分析和计算了二氧化碲声光可调谐滤波器的超声波极角θａ和入射光波极角θｉ之间的关系以及超声波频率ｆａ和光波波长λ０之间的调谐关系。     

超光谱成像探测系统的图谱标定和评估

超光谱成像是一种场景图谱合一的技术,在战场侦察中得到了迅速应用。超光谱成像系统的标定是确定其输出准确数值的过程。分析了一种基于背照减薄CCD和凹面光栅成像光谱部件的UV/Vis/NIR超光谱军用探测系统,其光谱分辨力为3.3 nm;探讨了0.25～1.1μm工作波段内超光谱成像系统的标定和评估方法,详细介绍了以带有测试靶均匀辐射源为对象的空间成像质量评估、以激光和Hg灯为基础的光谱质量评估以及利用高精度标准辐射源的辐射性能标定。在经过多步辐射校正和光谱真实性检测验证后,最终获得的景物反射率光谱曲线真实反映了光谱特性,满足了0.2mrad的空间分辨力和±0.5％色散线性率的精度要求并在军用探测系统中进行了反伪装的成功应用。     

基于声光可调谐滤光器的显微光谱成像技术

为了解决传统声光可调谐滤光器(AOTF)成像模糊的缺点,设计了一种新的AOTF。该器件通过在传统的AOTF的出射孔后面放置一个自行设计的等边色散棱镜来实现对衍射光的色散展宽进行补偿,明显地提高了成像的对比度和空间分辨率。将此器件附加在传统光学显微镜上,获得了一种新型的光谱显微成像仪器。其光谱分辨率在575nm波长处为4.2nm、成像空间分辨率为2μm、图像采集速度为毫秒量级。为基于AOTF的光谱成像技术在生物医学等领域的更广泛的应用奠定了基础。     

关于非同向二氧化碲声光可调谐滤波器的实验研究

介绍了一种具有大光入射角度的非共线TeO2声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)的结构和特点,并对实验样品的特性进行了测量。实验结果表明,该器件在100nm的可调谐范围内有效衍射效率可以达到96%,带宽小于2nm,试验结果与理论值一致。这种AOTF将用于动态光分插复用器(OADM),在未来光网络系统中起到重要作用。     

AOTF在光谱分析中的应用研究2.自装AOTF可见分光光度计的应用

本文报道了自装AOTF可见分光光度计的基本特性。采用镨钕滤光片和氧化钬滤光片的特征吸收峰进行波长校正，经四次多项式拟合后峰位置误差小于0.7nm。与商品仪器（UV1100分光光度计）相比，自装AOTF可见分光光度计的扫描速度大大加快，而分辨率与AOTF本身的质量有关。文中给出了硫酸铜溶液和茜素红溶液的扫描镨图及其校准曲线，其相关系数分别是0.9991和0.9990，这表明自装AOTF分光光度计的性能是可靠的。     

AOTF高光谱成像0级干扰抑制方法研究

随着光谱成像技术的发展,以高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率获得的图像极大地提高了地物目标的识别能力,为准确获取地物被测目标的二维空间影像信息和一维光谱信息,设计完成一种基于声光可调滤波器(AOTF)的高光谱成像系统,但由于系统中偏振片消光比有限,导致视场外的0级光与被测目标的+1级衍射光发生重叠,而AOTF无驱动时成像可近似为0级干扰的图像,为此提出一种AOTF加驱动图像减无驱动图像的0级干扰抑制方法。并采用该系统样机进行外场光谱成像实验,对结果进行0级干扰抑制方法修正,修正后的结果表明该方法不仅大幅度消除了0级光的干扰,而且还提高了整个成像光谱的测量精度。     

基于光谱吸收靶标的成像光谱仪光谱定标方法研究

中心波长和带宽是影响成像光谱仪数据定量化应用水平的两个重要光谱性能参数。针对覆盖光谱范围较窄的可见光与近红外波段成像光谱仪,提出了一种利用人工光谱吸收靶标进行光谱定标的方法,论证和建立光谱吸收靶标光谱定标方法的数学模型。在同一环境下利用成像光谱仪和ASD光谱仪对地面光谱吸收靶标进行准同步光谱测量,并进行反射率计算,然后通过光谱匹配计算中心波长偏移量和带宽变化量。利用该方法对设计带宽为6 nm的可见光与近红外波段的成像光谱仪进行了地面定标实验。实验结果表明,该方法能够作为外场光谱定标的辅助手段,提高成像光谱仪的定量化应用水平。     

A new type of small size acousto-optic tunable filter with super narrow optical linewidth

The new concept of the creation of an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) with super-resolution and small size is discussed. The advantage of the device is based on the use of a novel type of multi reflector beam expander that produces a highly collimated optical beam (angular spread about 100 ppm), tilted with a change in optical wavelength. The proposed AOTF, 1 cm in length, can have an optical linewidth about 0.1 nm and up to 400 tunable channels at a wavelength of 1540 nm. It can be utilized as a tunable filter for dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) in fiber optic networks and as a small-sized tunable optical spectrometer, for example, in sensors of gases, liquids and solids. The acousto-optic tunable filter can be developed by known technology developed for the creation of integrated optics and microelectronics devices. Received: 28 April 2001 / Revised version: 22 August 2001 / Published online: 2 November 2001     

Quasi-three-level neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser emitting at 885 nm

We present a diode-pumped quasi-three-level neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser at 885?nm, based on the F_3/24-I_9/24 transition, generally used for a 946?nm emission. Combined with polarization components (Nd:YAG), the electro-optical crystal KH₂PO₄ (KDP) formed a Lyot filter in the cavity and compressed the available gain bandwidth. With an incident pump power of 9.2?W, a 714?mW continuous-wave (CW) output at 885?nm was achieved, and the optical-to-optical efficiency was 7.8%. With an adjustable voltage applied to the KDP crystal, the laser wavelength could be tuned from 885?nm to 884?nm. A simultaneous dual-wavelength Nd:YAG laser at 885?nm and 884?nm was also realized by adjusting the free spectral range of the Lyot filter. To our knowledge, it is the first study that has realized the tuning between the 884 and 885?nm lines and the simultaneous dual-wavelength CW laser operation at 885?nm and 884?nm.     

新型分子高光谱成像系统性能分析及数据预处理

将分子成像技术和高光谱技术相结合,研制了基于AOTF(Acousto-optic Tunable Filters)的分子高光谱成像系统。系统由显微镜、分光仪、CCD镜头、图像数据采集卡和计算机等几部分组成。在综合考虑各功能部件的性能及相互的制约关系的基础上,分析了系统的性能指标,系统的光谱范围从550～1 000 nm,可采集200个波段,空间分辨率可达0.061 5 μm,光谱分辨率可达2 nm,当CCD工作在积分模式下采集速度可达到2.612 5 s·B-1,当CCD工作在非积分模式下可达到约0.11 μs·B-1。由于受系统光源和光路中透镜及传感器性能的影响,采集到的图像数据需要进行预处理,文中提出一种空间维和光谱维联合校正的灰度校正系数算法,并给出算法的具体实现。以白血病的血液作样本,通过对比校正前后的单波段图像、伪彩色图像和光谱曲线,说明校正算法的有效性,为后续的光谱图像数据分析提供了有效的数据。     

Feasibility of Non-Collinear TeO2 Acoustic-Optic Tunable Filters Used in the Optical Communication

The characteristics and the structure of TeO2 acoustic-optic tunable filter used in communication are discussed briefly based on the acoustic-optic theory and it is shown that a large optical incident angle and a long interaction length are suitable for the optical add/drop multiplexer based on the TeO2 acoustic-optic tunable filter. The distribution of acoustic energy flow in the device supports the large optical incident angle. The long interaction length depends on the change of the device structure to some degree. The measured results of the samples show that the diffraction efficiency reaches at 96% in the tuning range larger than lOOnm and the bandwidth is about 2nm. It can be found that there is a good consistency with the basic theoretical mode. The optimized design result shows that the diffraction efficiency can arrive at 100%, and the bandwidth can be less than 0.4nm. Thus, the non-collinear TeO2 acoustic-optic tunable filter can play an important role in the coming general optical network.     

压电换能器等效模型分析与阻抗匹配设计

声光可调滤光器(Acousto-optic tunable filter,AOTF)的衍射效率不仅与功率信号源的质量、声光晶体氧化碲(TeO_2)的切型有关,而且压电超声换能器的结构以及其阻抗匹配网络也对AOTF的衍射效率有很大影响。本文对X切型铌酸锂(LiNbO_3,LN)四层镀膜压电超声换能器的等效模型进行了分析,确定了声光介质存在时换能器的阻抗特性,利用射频微波仿真软件,设计了电感-电容复合匹配网络。将换能器压合在TeO_2上,用复色光作为光源进行了声光衍射实验,经仿真与实验验证表明,该匹配电路可以有效的改善压电换能器的阻抗特性,提高换能器带宽,提高能量传输效率,AOTF衍射效率最高可达92.67%。     

Direct shaping of tunable UV ultra-short pulses

Time shaping of ultra-short UV pulses has been performed using a specially designed acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter in KDP material. A time shaping window up to 5 ps has been obtained in the 260–410 nm range. A temporal/spectral characterization of shaped pulses on this broad UV spectral range is presented. The efficiency at shorter wavelength is limited by two-photon absorption. However several µJ is obtained at the output of the device allowing chemistry coherent control experiment.     

基于声光滤光和液晶相位调谐的高光谱全偏振成像新技术

为了获取高光谱分辨率、高空间分辨率、高偏振精度、高信噪比和稳定性好的全部Stokes参量光谱图像, 考虑到声光可调谐滤光器(acousto-optical tunable filter, AOTF)的±1级衍射光的正交特性, 提出用一个AOTF滤光, 一个液晶可变延迟器(liquid crystal variable retarder, LCVR)进行相位调制和两个CCD相机分别对±1级衍射光成像的高光谱全偏振成像新技术. 从所采用的光学元件的穆勒矩阵出发, 阐述了该技术的基本工作原理; 理论分析表明, LCVR不但不会影响到第一个Stokes参量的探测精度, 而且后3个Stokes参量的相对误差分别优于0.064%, 0.31%和3.97%; 利用原理样机获取了450–700 nm、光谱带宽为10 nm的26个光谱通道的图像数据, 成像质量良好; 以工作波长为600 nm的入射光为例, 对其全部Stokes参量图像进行了具体分析讨论. 结果表明, 该新技术原理正确, 方案可行. 该研究可为光谱偏振成像技术提供新的理论和实现方案.     

适用于楔形滤光片型光谱成像仪的快速无损数据压缩方法

楔形滤光片型光谱成像仪具有无运动部件、低光机复杂度等优点，是低成本微型化光谱成像仪的一个重要发展方向。不同于传统色散型光谱成像仪，楔形滤光片型光谱成像仪获取的数据是光谱-空间混合调制的图像。针对直接应用CCSDS123进行楔形滤光片型光谱成像仪数据压缩时压缩比较低的问题，结合楔形滤光片型光谱成像仪“谱像混合”、“推扫成谱”的特点，通过定义新的局部差向量，构建了一种低运算复杂度适合硬件实现的快速无损压缩方法WCCSDS123。新的局部差向量中参与计算的像元集合代表的是同一被观测点的光谱信息。WCCSDS123方法首先利用局部和与改进的局部差向量对采样点的值进行预测，再利用预测值与真实值计算预测残差并对其进行整数映射，最后采用采样自适应熵编码对映射预测残差进行编码完成压缩。在6组楔形滤光片型光谱成像仪数据上分别采用WCCSDS123和CCSDS123进行了压缩实验。实验结果表明，与CCSDS123相比，WCCSDS123的压缩比提高了约21.62%，压缩耗时没有明显差异。因此，该方法在提高压缩比同时，继承了CCSDS123复杂度低，易于硬件实现的优点。该方法WCCSDS123具有较低的计算复杂度，能够更加有效地利用空间光谱冗余信息，获得更好的压缩效果，是针对楔形滤光片型光谱成像仪的一种良好的快速无损数据压缩方法。     

Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF) Revisited: Ultrashort Optical Pulses Crosstalk Studies on the Lossy Filter

We examine again the crosstalk level (Xtalk) and extinction ratio (Xratio) of an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) operating with ultrashort light pulses (2 ps), now considering the loss effect. The compression factor was studied for the switched pulse with lossy AOTF (α _dB = 4 dB/mm) considering five nonlinearity profiles. One can observe that there is always an optimum value for δ (final value of the nonlinearity) that one can obtain a switched pulse with the same time duration of the input pulse (C = 1). The compression factor for the switched pulse along the filter length shows that for the constant profile, the compression factor is around 1 all over the device. The study of the crosstalk level (Xtalk) of this device, considering the optimum values of δ obtained from the compression studies, as a function of the pump power (P ₀) was done. The acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) has attracted great attention in recent years, in part because it appears to be a suitable basis for multi-wavelength optical cross-connects. It is probably the only known tunable filter that is capable of selecting several wavelengths simultaneously. This capability can be used to construct a multi-wavelength router.