毛细管电泳-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对田七提取液中Fe、Cu和Mg存在状态的研究

提出了以水作溶剂微波萃取提取,并以毛细管电泳电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(CE-ICP-AES)法测定田七提取液中Mg、Cu和Fe的形态的分析方法。实验结果表明:Mg仅以游离态存在;而Cu和Fe除了游离态以外,还存在其它三种未知的形态。此外,还测定了田七中20个微量元素的总含量,并得到了上述待测元素在水提取液中的提取率。     

中草药中槲皮素的毛细管电泳法测定

近年来,毛细管电泳法用于中药的分析正在逐渐展开．微波辅助萃取是微波与传统的溶剂萃取法相结合后形成的一种新的萃取方法,目前已被用于环境、食品和天然产物的提取等领域,我们也曾用微波萃取法研究了中药刺五加和黄芩中的黄酮类化合物。     

Identification and analysis of alkaloids in cortex Phellodendron amurense by high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with photodiode array detection

Alkaloids from Cortex Phellodendron amurense Rupr. were identified to determine the material basis for the bioactivity of this herb. HPLC–ESI‐MS with photodiode array detection coupled to XCharge C₁₈ column was applied to analyze the alkaloids qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 37 alkaloids were identified and tentatively characterized from the ethanol extract by online ESI‐MSⁿ fragmentation and UV spectral analysis. A total of ten alkaloids, including four novel natural products, were tentatively identified for the first time in P. amurense. The fragmentation pathways for certain compounds were analyzed. The contents of a pair of isomers (columbamine and jatrorrhizine) and four main alkaloids (phellodendrine, magnoflorine, berberine, and palmatine) were simultaneously quantified using the aforementioned method. Results showed that the newly discovered and known components of P. amurense were helpful in determining the material basis for the bioactivity of the herb. The application of the XCharge C₁₈ column is a suitable and practical method for the isolation of alkaloids in plants.     

毛细管电泳法同时分析茶黄素类和儿茶素类化合物

为了建立一种快速、准确、简便的同时分析茶黄素类和儿茶素类化合物的毛细管电泳方法以满足茶黄素体外氧化制备过程监测和茶多酚酶促氧化动力学研究的需要,研究了毛细管电泳同时分析4种茶黄素类和6种儿茶素类化合物的最佳分析条件,并将建立的方法进行应用评价。结果表明:以含有200 mmol/L H3BO3(pH 7.7)、10 mmol/L KH2PO4、9 mmol/L β-环糊精和27.5%乙腈为电泳介质,在电压25 kV、柱温30 ℃下分离和200 nm波长处检测,可在8 min内将10种待测组分全部分离,且各组分的浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9907～0.9998,检测限为0.39～0.88 μg/mL,各组分的加标回收率为91.5%～113.5%,相对标准偏差小于5%。     

氧氟沙星片剂和滴眼液中氧氟沙星对映体的毛细管电泳拆分及定量分析

采用环糊精及其衍生物为手性选择剂在CE上对氧氟沙星对映体进行了分离，研究了环糊精种类、浓度、分离电压、温度对分离的影响．重点考察了氧氟沙星的定量线性范围、检测限和重现性，在20-200mg／L浓度范围内，迁移时间重现性的相对标准偏差(RSD)控制在1．13％以内，峰面积重现性的RSD控制在4．3％以内，检测限为1mg／L．结果表明用20mmo1／L二甲基-β-环糊精(DM-β-CD)为手性选择剂，背景电解质为50mmo1／L Na2HPO4，pH＝3．0，不加有机添加剂情况下可得到较好的分离效果．同时，对氧氟沙星药品实样进行了分析，建主了一种市售氧氟沙星片剂和滴眼液中氧氟沙星对映体简单、快速的毛细管电泳分离、定量分析方法．     

表面活性剂协同微波提取紫背天葵色素的研究

从紫背天葵(begonia fimbristipula hance)中提取了紫背天葵色素,并优化了提取条件;提取剂为0．03％(w)的K12-45％(φ)乙醇水溶液,用量为每克原料加入30mL提取剂,微波功率为464w,提取时间为200s,提取次数为2次提取率为94．8％,产率为9．31％;色价E(1％,510nm)为23．7．产品pH值为6．4与溶剂浸提法相比,每次提取时间减小36倍,提取率增加22．3％。     

毛细管电泳法同时测定炎可宁片中五种有效成分

建立了区带毛细管电泳法同时测定炎可宁片中小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱、大黄素、大黄酸5种药效成分含量的方法.在60 cm×75 μm(有效长度50 cm)未涂层弹性石英毛细管中,以90 mmol/L Tris-10 mmol/L柠檬酸(含30％乙腈,pH=8.0)为电泳缓冲溶液,分离电压为25 kV时,5种被测组分在10 m...     

加速溶剂萃取技术在中药有效成分分析中的应用

以两种药材为研究实例,对加速溶剂萃取法（ASE）在中药材有效成分提取研究中的应用进行了简要介绍。采用正交试验法考察了提取丹参中丹酚酸B的提取条件（萃取温度、静态萃取时间、萃取溶剂以及料液比）,确定了较好的实验条件。比较了ASE、水蒸气蒸馏法、超声波提取法及索氏提取法对木香挥发油的提取效果,结果表明ASE对木香挥发油的提取效果最好。     

快速溶剂萃取一气相色谱法测定土壤中多氯联苯Aroclor系列

建立了快速溶剂萃取、浓硫酸净化、气相色谱法测定土壤中多氯联苯Aroclor系列的方法.方法线性良好、灵敏度高、回收率在70%～110%之间、相对标准偏差RSD小于17%,并用于有证的标准土壤样品及环境实样的分析,结果满意.     

Extraction of pesticides from sediments using a microwave technique

Summary The microwave energy produced by high intensity microwave oven, was used to extract pesticides from sediment samples. This system was compared with Soxhlet, sonification and convection heat extraction techniques. Sediment moisture and type of organic matter content are critical parameters in affecting the degree of recovery. Extraction procedure using a 30 second period repeated in sequence 5 times provided generally better recovery values than did 8 hours of Soxhlet extraction.     

秃叶黄皮树果实中的新三萜化学成分

从秃叶黄皮树(Phellodendron chinense var. glabriusculum Schneid)的果实中分离得到一个新的三萜化合物并用波谱分析鉴定为21α–methylmelianol(21R, 23R)epoxy –24 –hydroxy-21α-methoxyl] triucalla–7, 25–dien–3–one 1,秃叶黄皮树(Phellodendron chinense var. glabriusculum Schneid)果实提取物的乙酸乙酯部分主要含有尼洛替星和苦楝子酮类型的甘遂烷三萜化合物。     

毛细管电泳样品电堆积富集过程影响因素的数值分析

毛细管电泳样品电堆积富集是一种通过缓冲溶液浓度的差异在毛细管中形成电场强度梯度,从而对样品进行浓缩的富集技术。本文在已有数学模型的基础上,对影响毛细管电堆积富集过程的因素进行了分析。计算结果发现,样品粒子表面所带的电荷电性以及带电量会影响粒子的电泳速度,进而影响富集过程;外加电势的大小会影响样品粒子到达检测窗口的迁移时间;而样品塞的初始长度则会影响样品所能达到的最大富集浓度以及达到最佳的富集效果所需要的时间。所得到的结果对样品电堆积富集技术的进一步完善具有一定的理论指导意义。     

基于毛细管电泳及微流控芯片的药物提取分离技术

近年来,在提取分离方面出现了许多新技术和新方法.其中毛细管电泳和微流控芯片技术以其微量、高效、快速等特点,在药物提取分离中已渐显优势.该文对基于毛细管电泳和微流控芯片的两相电泳技术、微流控液液萃取技术、微流控固液萃取技术、微流控过滤式分离技术、微流控膜分离技术在药物分离提取中的应用进行了综述.     

快速溶剂萃取–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中戊唑醇残留量

建立快速溶剂萃取–气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中戊唑醇残留量的分析方法。土壤样品经ASE–350快速溶剂萃取仪萃取,萃取液用硅酸镁(弗罗里硅土)柱净化浓缩,然后用选择离子监测/全扫描(SIM/SCAN)模式,气相色谱–质谱法测定土壤中的戊唑醇含量。该方法检出限为0.008 mg/kg,加标回收率为84.0%~97.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%~11.6%(n=6)。该方法具有分离效果好,灵敏度高,重现性好,前处理操作简便等优点,可用于测定土壤中戊唑醇的残留量。     

快速溶剂萃取–高效液相色谱法测定禽蛋中磺胺嘧啶

建立快速溶剂萃取–高效液相色谱法测定禽蛋中磺胺嘧啶残留的方法。用单因素和正交试验对禽蛋中磺胺嘧啶的萃取条件进行优化,确定了最佳萃取条件:以甲醇为萃取剂,在130℃循环萃取4次,冲洗体积分数为80%,萃取时间为25 min。色谱柱为Hypersil ODS2柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇–0.5%冰乙酸(25∶75),流量为1.0 m L/min,检测波长为265 nm。磺胺嘧啶的质量浓度在0.025~0.500 mg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 5,检出限为0.5μg/kg。加标回收率在83.0%~88.2%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%(n=9)。方法的精密度、准确度和基质效应均符合禽蛋样品检测要求,可用于禽蛋中磺胺嘧啶含量的测定。     

Trace Determination of Benzalkonium Chlorides in River and Wastewater by Capillary Electrophoresis following Solid‐Phase Extraction Coupled with Salting‐Out Extraction

Trace levels analysisbenzalkonium chlorides (BAKs) in river water and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) effluents were determined by capillary electrophoresis (CE) following solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and salting‐out extraction. Salting‐out extraction using an appropriate ratio of sodium chloride (NaCl) and acetonitrile (ACN) mixed with concentrated SPE elutant was capable of providing more than 500‐fold enhancement in detection sensitivity. The ratios of ACN and NaCl for salting‐out extraction were investigated and optimized. Matrix interference was eliminated by salting‐out extraction. Limits of quantitation of BAK homologues were achieved at 0.1 μg/L in 250 mL water samples. Recoveries of BAKs in various spiked water samples ranged from 70% to 84% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 9%. Trace amounts of total BAKs were detected in river water and WWTP effluent samples ranging from 27 to 145 μg/L at the first time by CE.     

加速溶剂萃取―气相色谱―质谱法测定土壤中酞酸酯类有机物

建立了土壤中酞酸酯类的加速溶剂萃取（ASE）―气相色谱―质谱（GC-MS）测定方法。通过对萃取溶剂和层析柱的优化选择,得出优化萃取条件。同时,实验过程中采用铬酸洗液对实验器皿进行清洗,有效控制了环境中酞酸酯对样品的污染。该优化方法结果显示：平均加标回收率为89.5%～106.0%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～5.8%,检出...     

提高维甲酸毛细管电泳分析灵敏度的微柱固相萃取法研究

本文发展了一种适于复杂样品预处理的微柱固相萃取装置。该装置与毛细管电泳结合用于13-顺-维甲酸和全反式-维甲酸异构体的分析,灵敏度可提高100倍以上。维甲酸异构体的微柱固相萃取过程包括柱老化、上样、洗涤、洗脱以及柱再生等步骤。将该法用于加标血浆样品中的维甲酸分析,得到满意的结果。     

加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱-质谱/质谱法分析动物组织中的壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A

建立了测定内分泌干扰物质烷基酚、双酚A的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(负离子模式)分析方法,优化了样品前处理方法。以二氯甲烷作提取溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取法萃取动物组织样品,萃取液用500 mg OASIS氨基固相萃取柱进行浓缩净化。对流动相组分和流动相添加剂对质谱的离子化效率进行了考察,测得3种化合物在高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为88%~101%,相对标准偏差小于15%;双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的方法检出限分别为0.3, 0.05和0.1 μg/kg。对从北京市场上采集的27份动物组织样品进行检测,结果表明壬基酚广泛存在于各种动物源性食品中,检出含量为0.49~55.98 μg/kg,其中鱼肉组织中都检出壬基酚,而且其含量也较高(9.13~55.98 μg/kg)。     

Optimization Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Polysaccharide from Chestnut Mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita) by Accelerated Solvent Extraction Combined with Response Surface Methodology (ASE-RSM)

The present work is conducted to investigate the optimal extraction technology of polysaccharide from chestnut mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita) using a new method based on accelerated solvent extraction combined with response surface methodology (ASE-RSM). The conventional reflux extraction (CRE) method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method were also carried out. Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant activities, including ABTS and DPPH assay, were evaluated. The RSM method, based on a three level and three variable Box–Behnken design (BBD), was developed to obtain the optimal combination of extraction conditions. In brief, the polysaccharide was optimally extracted with water as extraction solvent, extraction temperature of 71 °C, extraction time of 6.5 min, number of cycles of 3, and extraction pressure of 10 MPa. The 3D response surface plot and the contour plot derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. Under the above conditions, the experimental value of polysaccharide yield was 19.77 ± 0.12%, which is in close agreement with the value (19.81%) predicted by the model. These findings demonstrate that ASE-RSM produce much higher polysaccharide and consumed environmentally friendly extraction and solvent systems, have less extraction discrimination and shorter time and provide scientific basis for industrialization of polysaccharide extraction. Moreover, it was proved that the polysaccharide had the potential ability to scavenge ABTS and DPPH.