Muon attachment in prompt fission of237Np

The probabilities of muon attachment to fission fragments in the prompt fission of²³⁷Np have been determined as a function of fragment mass and total kinetic energy release in a ( ^–,f ₁ f ₂ e ^–)-coincidence measurement. A strong dependence of the attachment probability on the fragment mass is observed. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions.It is a pleasure to thank Professor T. Mayer-Kuckuk for his co-operation in performing the project. We gratefully acknowledge the permanent support of Professor J.P. Blaser and his staff at PSI. We thank Professor R. Engfer, Dr. A.v.d. Schaaf, and Dr. H.C. Walter for their support in using the electron spectrometer SIN-DRUM I. We are thankful to Professor S. Polikanov (GSI) and to Dr. T. Krogulski (University of Warsaw, Bialystok) for intensive and fruitful discussions. We appreciate the collaboration of Professor W. Müller and Dr. J. Pauwels (CBNM-Mol) in the target preparation. This work has been funded by the German Federal Minister for Research and Technology (BMFT) under the contract number 06BN271 (PD, HH, FR, ChR, WS). We thank the following institutions and organisations for financial support: Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), the Netherlands Organisation of the Advancement of Pure Research (NWO) (JK, CdL, AT), and the Swiss National Foundation (SNF) (WB, EH; HP, DV). One of the authors is grateful for a fellowship granted by the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes (FR).     

Multi-modal analysis for low energy neutron-induced fission of ~(235)U

Low energy neutron induced fission of ~(235)U is studied in the framework of the multi-modal fission model. The fission fragment properties, such as the yields, the average total kinetic energy distribution and the average neutron separation energy, are investigated for incident neutron energies from thermal to 6.0 MeV. The multi-modal fission approach is also used to evaluate the prompt fission neutron multiplicity and spectra for the neutron-induced fission of ~(235)U with an improved version of the Los Alamos model for incident neutrons below the (n, nf) threshold. The three most dominant fission modes are taken into account. The model parameters are determined on the basis of experimental data. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Multi-modal analysis for low energy neutron-induced fission of ~(235)U

Low energy neutron induced fission of 235U is studied in the framework of the multi-modal fission model. The fission fragment properties, such as the yields, the average total kinetic energy distribution and the average neutron separation energy, are investigated for incident neutron energies from thermal to 6.0 MeV. The multi-modal fission approach is also used to evaluate the prompt fission neutron multiplicity and spectra for the neutron-induced fission of 235U with an improved version of the Los Alamos ...     

The probability of prompt and delayed fission of muonic237Np

Fission fragments from the reaction²³⁷Np(μ ^?,γ,f) have been measured in coincidence with muonic X-rays. The efficiency of the fission fragment detector is determined from (μ ^?,γ,f)-data of the same experiment. The total fission probability perμ-stopP _t has been measured as well as the fission probabilities P_f of the non-radiative muonic (3d→1s)- and (2p→1s)-transitions; the latter has been divided into two parts leading to different mean excitation energiesE:P _t =(54±17)%,P _f (3d→1s)=(41±21)%,P _f (2p→1s,E=6.218 MeV)=(61±19)%, andP _f (2p→1s,E=6.525 MeV)=(57±18)%. The influence of the muon on the fission barrier is discussed. The fission probability after muon capture is compared with a calculated value using a distribution of nuclear excitation energies following muon capture and the fission probability as measured in a²³⁸U(³He,αf)-reaction.     

Fission of237Np+n through a double humped fission barrier

The subthreshold fission cross section of neutron induced fission of²³⁷Np has been measured between 20 and 60 eV with the CBNM time-of-flight spectrometer. The resonances in this energy range have been analysed with a single level shape fitting computer program. The result is interpreted in the frame of Strutinsky's theory of nuclear deformation.     

快点火背光照相数值模拟

在激光惯性约束聚变实验研究中,诊断燃料层密度通常利用纳秒激光束辐照金属靶片产生特征X射线作为背光照明光源,对内爆球壳进行瞬态辐射照相,进而推断球壳内爆燃料层的密度。利用蒙特卡罗程序,对快点火X射线背光照相进行了研究,模拟了针孔成像中不同的针孔大小、障板厚度、背光能量对成像质量的影响,对于快点火实验中微米尺寸塑料小球,进行了诊断方案优化。模拟结果表明,综合考虑光通量及成像空间分辨,针孔半径为10 m时成像效果最佳;此时,采用2.7 keV的Mo背光源可以获得最佳的密度分辨。     

快点火背光照相数值模拟

在激光惯性约束聚变实验研究中,诊断燃料层密度通常利用纳秒激光束辐照金属靶片产生特征X射线作为背光照明光源,对内爆球壳进行瞬态辐射照相,进而推断球壳内爆燃料层的密度。利用蒙特卡罗程序,对快点火X射线背光照相进行了研究,模拟了针孔成像中不同的针孔大小、障板厚度、背光能量对成像质量的影响,对于快点火实验中微米尺寸塑料小球,进行了诊断方案优化。模拟结果表明,综合考虑光通量及成像空间分辨,针孔半径为10 m时成像效果最佳;此时,采用2.7 keV的Mo背光源可以获得最佳的密度分辨。     

Monte Carlo simulation of mictomagnets

Monte Carlo simulations of a binary alloy with impurity concentrations between 20 and 45 at.% have been carried out. The proportion of large clusters relative to that of small clusters increases with the number of MC diffusion steps as well as impurity concentration. Magnetic susceptibility peaks become more prominent and occur at higher temperatures with increasing impurity concentration. The different peaks in the susceptibility and specific heat curves seem to correspond to different sized clusters. A freezing model would explain the observed behaviour with the large clusters freezing first and the small clusters contributing to susceptibility (specific heat) peaks at lower temperatures.Contribution No. 153 from the Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit     

Multimode approach to 241Am and 237Np fission induced by 660-MeV protons

The results obtained by measuring cross sections for the formation of fragments originating from ²⁴¹Am and ²³⁷Np fission induced by 660-MeV protons are presented. The charge and mass distributions of fragments are analyzed within the multimode-fission model, symmetric and asymmetric fission channels being separated. The contributions of various fission components are estimated, and the fission cross sections for the ²⁴¹Am and ²³⁷Np nuclei are calculated along with the fissilities of these nuclei.     

Efficient kinetic Monte Carlo simulation

This paper concerns kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) algorithms that have a single-event execution time independent of the system size. Two methods are presented—one that combines the use of inverted-list data structures with rejection Monte Carlo and a second that combines inverted lists with the Marsaglia–Norman–Cannon algorithm. The resulting algorithms apply to models with rates that are determined by the local environment but are otherwise arbitrary, time-dependent and spatially heterogeneous. While especially useful for crystal growth simulation, the algorithms are presented from the point of view that KMC is the numerical task of simulating a single realization of a Markov process, allowing application to a broad range of areas where heterogeneous random walks are the dominate simulation cost.     

Beyond direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) modelling of collision environments

ABSTRACT

Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) models have been successfully adopted and adapted to describe gas flows in a wide range of environments since the method was first introduced by Bird in the 1960s. We propose a new approach to modelling collisions between gas-phase particles in this work – operating in a similar way to the DSMC model, but with one key difference. Particles move in a mean field, generated by all previously propagated particles, which removes the requirement that all particles be propagated simultaneously. This yields a significant reduction in computation effort and lends itself to applications for which DSMC becomes intractable, such as when a species of interest is only a minor component of a large gas mixture.     

Monte Carlo simulation of nanometric cutting

Nanometric cutting of single-crystal materials at conventional cutting speeds (5?m?s^?1) is simulated for the first time using a new Monte Carlo method that is applicable to systems that are neither canonical nor microcanonical. This is accomplished by defining a local temperature in the cutting zone using the thermal analysis developed by Komanduri and Hou for conventional machining. Extension of this method to the nanometric regime permits an accurate estimate of the local temperature in cutting. This temperature is then employed in the Boltzmann probability distribution function that is used to determine the acceptance–rejection of Monte Carlo moves in the simulation. Since cutting speed is closely related to cutting temperature, the cutting speed enters the calculation via the thermal analysis equations. The method is applied to nanometric cutting of single-crystal aluminium with the crystal oriented in the (001) plane and cut in the [100] direction. Three positive rake cutting tools, namely 10°, 30° and 45°, are employed to investigate the effect of the rake angle on the forces, the specific energy and the nature of the chip formation. The method is evaluated by direct comparison with corresponding molecular dynamics simulations conducted under the same conditions.     

Monte Carlo simulation of exposure factor

In this paper, we simulate the exposure factor by a simple model of a free-air ionization chamber with the Monte Carlo programme Geant4. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion of the exposure factor related to parameters of the chamber model. The reason for the variation in exposure factor with incident ray energy is also analysed in terms of reaction cross section for different types of reactions. The obtained results indicate that our simulation is accurate in the calculation of the exposure factor and can serve as a reference in designing air ionization chambers.     

A Monte Carlo simulation of coagulation

A Monte Carlo simulation technique is described for the study of the coagulation of suspended particles. The method is computationally efficient since the particle trajectories are not used to determine coagulations. Instead, pairs of particles are assigned probabilities to coagulate and the evolution is computed as a stochastic Markov game. We also describe a simple analytic method to obtain the stationary distribution of sizes for the various mechanisms of relative particle motion. It is demonstrated that the simulation yields the correct stationary size distribution independent of initial condition.     

Monte Carlo simulation of aorta autofluorescence

Results of numerical simulation of autofluorescence of the aorta by the method of Monte Carlo are reported. Two states of the aorta, normal and with atherosclerotic lesions, are studied. A model of the studied tissue is developed on the basis of information about optical, morphological, and physico-chemical properties. It is shown that the data obtained by numerical Monte Carlo simulation are in good agreement with experimental results indicating adequacy of the developed model of the aorta autofluorescence.     

Monte Carlo simulation of liquid neopentane

Monte Carlo simulations are reported for liquid neopentane at 25°C and 0·592 g cm^-3 using three different potential models. These results are compared with X-ray diffraction data and simulations for other tetrahedral molecules.