薄壁金属空心球结构压缩力学性能研究

金属空心球结构是一种新型的超轻多孔金属材料。本文对直接堆积和胶合堆积的两球、三球金属空心球列组元进行了单轴准静态压缩实验,分析压缩过程的变形情况,得出其应力/屈曲极限、有效弹性模量、有效应力-应变曲线,并讨论了发生屈服/屈曲的原因。基于实验现象作者提出了三种边界条件,通过分析的方法导出列组元的有效弹性模量公式,其预测值与实验结果较为符合。通过对两种不同堆积模式面组元的压缩实验,研究了金属空心球结构的力学性能和垮塌规律,分析其比刚度和比体积能量吸收值,讨论了两种不同堆积模式的面组元的特点和优越性,发现HC堆积模式具有更好的力学性能。同时对比三球列组元的有效弹性模量发现,SC堆积模式的有效弹性模量只与堆积层数有关。     

基于表面效应三维纳米多孔金属力学性能的有限元分析

纳米多孔金属是一类包含大量纳米尺度孔洞的金属材料,孔洞突出的表面效应,使得其具有比传统多孔金属更为优异的力学性能.相对于理论和分子动力学仿真,有限元方法更适用于复杂结构模型,但受限于理论难度,以往研究仍将纳米多孔金属模型简化为较为简单的二维结构,因此无法真实刻画纳米多孔金属的力学性能.为此,基于Gurtin-Murdoch表面理论,成功构建计入纳米表面效应的有限元表面单元,并考虑微观结构非均匀性,发展面向一般三维纳米多孔金属力学行为的有限元计算模型,将计算得到的纳米孔附近应力分布与参考文献进行对比分析,验证了所构建有限元模型的有效性.通过对包含单球孔和随机多球孔的纳米多孔金属进行单轴拉伸和单轴压缩模拟,揭示了孔隙率、孔洞数量和表面参数对纳米多孔金属杨氏模量、压缩屈服强度和吸能性的影响规律.结果表明:所构建的有限元模型可准确捕捉纳米孔附近应力分布,相对于表面拉梅常数,纳米多孔金属的杨氏模量显著依赖于孔洞表面残余应力和加载方向.所构建的有限元模型为纳米多孔金属力学性能预测提供科学依据.     

压弯作用下焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度研究

焊接空心球节点在大跨度空间结构中的应用越来越广泛。为了深入研究压弯作用下焊接空心球节点的抗弯刚度,采用正交设计法设计了6组12个试件,对试件进行压弯试验,绘制节点的弯矩-转角曲线,并计算得到焊接空心球节点的抗弯刚度。运用有限元软件ABAQUS建立压弯作用下焊接空心球节点模型,采用线性强化应力-应变关系,考虑非线性影响,将试验测量和有限元模拟得到的抗弯刚度进行对比分析,验证有限元模型的准确性。再以有限元模型为基础,计算各个参数对焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度的影响,并通过回归分析提出压弯作用下焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度计算公式。结果表明:管径与球径之比对压弯作用下焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度的影响最大,球壁厚的影响次之,偏心距的影响最小;提出的压弯作用下焊接空心球节点抗弯刚度计算公式较为准确。     

加权残值法分析轴压圆柱薄壳后屈曲问题

本文首次应用了样条配点法分析了受到轴向压力的圆柱形薄壳的后屈问题,壳体的方程是L.H.Donnell的非线性正交异性圆柱形壳体方程,壳体的挠度试函数及应力函数试函数都是于轴向用了五次B样条函数基函数,周向用余弦函数。计算模型是周向为半个波长的壳块,可适应后屈曲实验变形跳跃现象。非线性代数方程组用了Newton—Rophson迭代法求解。由此所得的理论上的后屈曲曲线与国外近代实验相符。     

SiC/AL板的焊接残余应力分析

SiC/AL功能双材料由陶瓷和金属组成,由于该材料中的SiC具有较高的抗高温能力,AL具有较高的强度,因此在航空构件中得到运用,该双材料中孔洞焊接过程中的残余应力直接影响到双材料的性能。本文采用有限元分析手段中的死活单元技术对焊接过程进行了数值模拟计算,得到了该焊接过程的残余应力分布,并与常用的钢材焊接残余应力进行对比分析。本文同时对采用弹性复变方法和积分方程分析手段得到的焊接残余应力解析解的适用性进行了阐述。     

缩径焊接空心球压弯下节点刚度研究

以缩径焊接空心球节点为研究对象,运用正交设计法设计了 9个试件,试验研究了压弯受力状态下节点的名义抗弯刚度.利用ABAQUS软件建立缩径焊接空心球节点分析模型,采用线性强化应力-应变关系,考虑几何和材料非线性的影响,对压弯受力状态下的缩径焊接空心球节点的抗弯刚度进行了有限元分析,绘制了节点弯矩-转角曲线,得到了节点名义...     

柔性硅泡沫薄片的短时松弛行为研究

根据多孔硅泡沫材料的单轴压缩和应力松弛实验,利用最小二乘法的LM法拟合得到硅泡沫材料的本构关系.基于上述模型开展了组合结构中多孔泡沫薄片应力松弛行为的数值模拟,得到了短时松弛过程中硅泡沫结构件的应力变化规律.     

金属蜂窝材料的弹塑性屈曲临界应力值

本文参考Hexcel公司生产的各种规格的金属蜂窝芯,讨论了金属蜂窝芯夹层板承受单轴面外压力时的屈曲模式,发现大多数商用金属蜂窝夹层板受到面外压力作用时发生弹塑性屈曲。基于二维蜂窝结构的代表性单元,建立了金属蜂窝材料弹塑性屈曲的力学模型,进而推导出其临界应力显式公式。该公式反映了蜂窝材料的几何特征及其母材的力学性能,并通过单参数表征金属蜂窝材料的弹塑性屈曲特性。本文还探讨了相对密度和开度角对金属蜂窝材料弹塑性屈曲值的影响规律。最后,通过与已有理论结果和实验结果的比较证实：本文采用的屈曲模式合理,与实验测定值符合较好表明理论预测公式有一定应用价值。     

变形模式对多孔金属材料SHPB实验结果的影响

利用两种改进后的Hopkinson杆实验分别测得多孔金属材料冲击端和支撑端的应力.实验结果及高速摄影表明,随着撞击速度的增加,试件两端的应力均匀性变差,分别对应着泡沫材料的3种变形模式:准静态模式、过渡模式、冲击模式.实验得出在冲击模式下,冲击端与支撑端的应力与试件的厚度无关,但是与试件的密度有关.在多孔金属的高应变率实验中,变形模式对SHPB实验有很大的影响,轴向惯性(波动)效应会导致试件两端的应力不均匀,此时利用SHPB得出的实验结果将会是应变率效应和惯性效应的耦合,不能真实反映材料的动态力学性能(应变率效应).      

加筋圆柱壳纯弯作用下蠕变屈曲及弹塑性屈曲

利用给定温度下等时蠕变曲线的几何相似性及比应力-应变曲线法,将蠕变屈曲化为弹塑性屈曲。导出了大挠度情况下加筋圆柱壳一般性的平衡方程、屈曲方程以及相应的变分解法。提出了纯弯下加筋圆柱壳屈曲的简化处理办法。考虑了分叉屈曲和极值屈曲。计算了不同半径-厚度比及不同加筋情况的壳体临界弯矩。结果与已知的实验数据做了间接的对比。     

Experimental and theoretical studies on buckling of thin-walled MHS compressed between two rigid plates

This paper presents the theoretical and experiment results of buckling behavior of thin-walled metallic hollow sphere (MHS) compressed between two rigid plates. The first critical buckling load of MHS has been derived. It is shown that the critical load is related to the radius, thickness of the sphere shell, the elastic modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio of the material. Two hemispheres are welded to make the MHS with three different angles of welding-line. The quasi-static compressive experiment of the MHS has been carried out, and the load-deformation curves are obtained. To match theoretical and experimental results, a modified equation is presented. Then a good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental results is obtained.     

Finite element simulation on the mechanical properties of MHS materials

Finite element simulations are carried out to examine the mechanical behavior of the metallic hollow sphere (MHS) material during their large plastic deformation and to estimate the energy absorbing capacity of these materials under uniaxial compression. A simplified model is proposed from experimental observations to describe the connection between the neighboring spheres, which greatly improves the computation efficiency. The effects of the governing physical and geometrical parameters are evaluated; whilst a special attention is paid to the plateau stress, which is directly related to the energy absorbing capacity. Finally, the empirical functions of the relative material density are proposed for the elastic modulus, yield strength and plateau stress for FCC packing arrangement of hollow spheres, showing a good agreement with the experimental results obtained in our previous study.     

Finite element simulations on the mechanical properties of MHS materials

Finite element simulations are carried out to examine the mechanical behavior of the metallic hollow sphere (MHS) material during their large plastic deformation and to estimate the energy absorbing capacity of these materials under uniaxial compression. A simplified model is proposed from experimental observations to describe the connection between the neighboring spheres, which greatly improves the computation efficiency. The effects of the governing physical and geometrical parameters are evaluated; whilst a special attention is paid to the plateau stress, which is directly related to the energy absorbing capacity. Finally, the empirical functions of the relative material density are proposed for the elastic modulus, yield strength and plateau stress for FCC packing arrangement of hollow spheres, showing a good agreement with the experimental results obtained in our previous study. The project supported by the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (RGC) (HKUST 6079/00E) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10532020).     

薄壁管预扭冲击拉伸实验装置的研制

材料在复合应力下的拉压或扭转行为常常与单轴拉压或者单轴扭转应力下不同,拉压以及扭转常体现出相互影响的特点。而复合应力下的塑性波可以有效地反映材料在复合应力下的本构行为特点。本文通过对霍普金森压杆进行改造,建立了一套薄壁管预扭冲击拉伸的实验装置,可以在薄壁管内产生拉扭耦合塑性波,并对率相关材料304不锈钢进行了薄壁管预扭拉伸实验研究,得到了该材料的拉扭耦合塑性波。结果表明,304不锈钢薄壁管的拉扭耦合塑性波具有明显的耦合快波和耦合慢波的双波结构,并且快波慢波之间没有恒值区间隔。同时也表明,该装置可以实现预期效果,并且可以有效避免薄壁管屈曲的产生。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND COMPUTER SIMULATION ON DYNAMIC BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID-FILLED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER AXIAL IMPACT

This article reports an experimental investigation on the axial impact buckling of thin metallic cylindrical shells fully filled with water. Low velocity impact tests are carried out by DHR-9401 drop hammer rig. The whole process of dynamic buckling is simulated using LS-DYNA computer code. The consistency between experimental observation and numerical simulation is quite satisfactory. The investigation indicates that quite high internal hydrodynamic pressure occurs inside the shell during the impact process. Under the combined action of the high internal pressure and axial compression plastic buckling occurs easily in the thin-walled shells and buckling modes take on regular and axisymmetric wrinkles. This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(19672039) and the Shanxi Foundation for Returned Scholars from Abroad.     

腹板V形加劲冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢柱试验研究

为了解腹板V形加劲冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢构件的受压性能,对8根短柱和中长柱进行了轴心受压试验研究。在试验之前首先用有限条和有限元方法对柱试件进行了详细的设计,以确保发生畸变屈曲失效。柱受压试验结果发现：所有试件均发生畸变屈曲失效破坏,同时在峰值荷载时中长柱试件有绕弱轴的弯曲产生,畸变屈曲和局部屈曲一样也有一定的屈曲后强度。在总结分析现有国内外规范计算理论的基础上,提出了基于直接强度法设计腹板V形加劲冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压构件畸变屈曲承载力的计算方法。采用该建议方法计算所得结果与试验值和参数分析值吻合较好,其设计过程简便且安全可靠。     

Exact analytical solutions for the local and global buckling of sandwich beam-columns under various loadings

Sandwich structures are widely used in many industrial applications, due to the attractive combination of a lightweight and strong mechanical properties. This compromise is realized thanks to the presence of different parts in the composite material, namely the skins and possibly core reinforcements or thin-walled core structure which are both thin/slender and stiff relative to the other parts, namely the homogeneous core material, if any. The buckling phenomenon thus becomes mainly responsible for the final collapse of such sandwiches. In this paper, classical sandwich beam-columns (with homogeneous core materials) are considered and elastic buckling analyses are performed in order to derive the critical values and the associated bifurcation modes under various loadings (compression and pure bending). The two faces are represented by Euler–Bernoulli beams, whereas the core material is considered as a 2D continuous solid. A set of partial differential equations is first obtained from a general bifurcation analysis, using the above assumptions. Original closed-form analytical solutions of the critical loading and mode of a sandwich beam-column are then derived for various loading conditions. Finally, the proposed analytical formulae are validated using 2D linearized buckling finite element computations, and parametric analyses are performed.     

Stability of Laminated Shells Made of Materials with one Plane of Elastic Symmetry

The paper sets forth a technique, based on the Kirchhoff–Love theory of shells, for solving stability problems for thin-walled laminated shells of revolution made of an anisotropic material with one plane of elastic symmetry. The resolving system of differential equations is of the 16th order since the symmetric and asymmetric buckling modes are coupled. The results from a stability analysis of cylindrical shells made of carbon plastics and subjected to compression are analyzed against the angle of the principal directions of elasticity. The influence of boundary conditions is studied. The error due to neglecting the coupling of buckling modes is estimated     

Interactive buckling regarding the axial extension mode of a thin-walled channel under uniform compression in the first nonlinear approximation

The present paper deals with an influence of the axial extension mode on interactive buckling of a thin-walled channel with imperfections subjected to uniform compression, when a shear lag phenomenon and distortional deformations are taken into account. A plate model is adopted for the channel. The structure is assumed to be simply supported at the ends. A method of the modal solution to the coupled buckling problem within the first order approximation of Koiter’s asymptotic theory, using the transition matrix method and Godunov’s orthogonalization (Kolakowski and Krolak, 2006), has been used. The calculations have been carried out for a thin-walled channel.