Partial oxidation of simulated hot coke oven gas to syngas over Ru-Ni/Mg（Al）O catalyst in a ceramic membrane reactor

Hydrogen amplification from simulated hot coke oven gas (HCOG) was investigated in a BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3−δ (BCFNO) membrane reactor combined with a Ru-Ni/Mg(Al)O catalyst by the partial oxidation of hydrocarbon compounds under atmospheric pressure. Under optimized reaction conditions, the dense oxygen permeable membrane had an oxygen permeation flux around 13.3 ml/(cm2·min). By reforming of the toluene and methane, the amount of H2 in the reaction effluent gas was about 2 times more than that of original H2 in simulated HCOG. The Ru-Ni/Mg(Al)O catalyst used in the membrane reactor possessed good catalytic activity and resistance to coking. After the activity test, a small amount of whisker carbon was observed on the used catalyst, and most of them could be removed in the hydrogen-rich atmosphere, implying that the carbon deposition formed on the catalyst might be a reversible process.     

稀土等碱性助剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气整体式Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

制备了整体式Ni/γ-Al2O3和添加稀土等碱性助剂的整体式Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂. 研究了温度、烷氧比、空速和助剂等因素对甲烷部分氧化反应性能的影响,并利用XRD和TPR对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,催化剂活性随着温度的升高而增加;CH4转化率随着烷氧比的增加而降低;当空速为1×105 h-1时,整体式催化剂的催化性能最佳. 添加碱性助剂Ce,La,Na,Sr均有利于改善催化剂的还原性能,提高催化剂的活性. 其中添加稀土Ce,La可使副反应CH4+2 O2→CO2+2H2O 完全被抑制,从而使H2选择性达到100%.     

In situ carbon nanotube synthesis by the reduction of NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in methane

The synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via chemical vapour deposition of methane on NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst has been investigated. The reduction behavior of NiO/γ-Al2O3 by methane was studied using thermogravimetric (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. It was found that the NiO supported on γ-Al2O3, was reduced to Ni⁰ in methane atmosphere in the temperature range of 710--770 ℃. The catalytic activity of NiO/γ-Al2O3 for CNTs synthesis by in situ chemical vapour deposition of methane during the reduction was also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the CNTs produced at various reduction temperatures. The results indicated that the reduction temperature exhibits obvious influence on the morphology and the yield of CNTs. CNTs with the diameter of about 20 nm were obtained at reduction temperature of 750 ℃, and higher reduction temperature (such as 800 and 850 ℃) led to an increase in CNTs diameter and a decrease in CNTs yield.     

Hydrogen production from simulated hot coke oven gas by catalytic reforming over Ni/Mg（Al）O catalysts

Hydrogen production by catalytic reforming of simulated hot coke oven gas (HCOG) with toluene as a model tar compound was investigated in a fixed bed reactor over Ni/Mg(Al)O catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method using urea hydrolysis and characterized by ICP, BET, XRD, TPR, TEM and TG. XRD showed that the hydrotalcite type precursor after calcination formed (Ni, Mg)Al₂O₄ spinel and Ni-Mg-O solid solution structure. TPR results suggested that the increase in Ni/Mg molar ratio gave rise to the decrease in the reduction temperature of Ni²⁺ to Ni⁰ on Ni/Mg(Al)O catalysts. The reaction results indicated that toluene and CH₄ could completely be converted to H₂ and CO in the catalytic reforming of the simulated HCOG under atmospheric pressure and the amount of H₂ in the reaction effluent gas was about 4 times more than that in original HCOG. The catalysts with lower Ni/Mg molar ratio showed better catalytic activity and resistance to coking, which may become promising catalysts in the catalytic reforming of HCOG.     

添加贵金属的Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究

甲烷部分氧化制合成气因其高空速、高转化率、低H2/CO比而引起人们的重视[1～5].本文研究了在Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂中添加的Rh、Ru、Pt和Pd等贵金属在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中的催化作用,重点研究了添加Pt对Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂反应性能的影响.     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的失活研究:溶胶-凝胶法对催化性能的影响

The nickel-based catalyst used in partial oxidation of methane(POM)to syngas emerged as the most practical one because of the high turnover rate and inexpensive cost.However,nickel-based catalyst supported on γ-Al2O3 is usually unstable at high temperature owing either to carbon deposition[1],the loss and sintering of nickel[2] or to phase transformation.     

Study of CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu-V/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

The effect of vanadium addition to CU/γ-Al2O3 catalyst used in the hydrogenation of CO2 to produce methanol was studied. It was found that the catalytic performance of the Cu-based catalyst improved after V addition. The influence of reaction temperature, space velocity and the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 on the performance of 12%Cu-6%V/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were also studied. The results indicated that the best conditions for reaction were as follows: 240℃, 3600 h-1 and a molar ratio of H2 to CO2 of 3:1. The results of XRD and TPR characterization demonstrated that the addition of V enhanced the dispersion of the supported CuO species, which resulted in the enhanced catalytic performance of CU-V/γ-Al2O3 binary catalyst.     

CeO2和Pd在Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中的助剂作用

采用脉冲微反技术研究了添加n型半导体氧化物CeO2及贵金属Pd对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭反应性能的影响,并运用BET、TPR、CO2-TPSR及氢吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,n型半导体氧化物CeO2的添加可以降低Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4裂解积炭活性,提高CO2消炭活性,添加少量贵金属Pd可以进一步改变载体Al2O3、助剂CeO2和活性组分Ni之间的相互作用,从而改善Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的抗积炭性能.通过Ni-Ce-Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭模型对上述作用机制作出了新的解释.     

Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应的研究

以浸渍法与沉积沉淀法制备了不同Co负载量的Co／γ-Al2O3催化剂，研究了对CO的催化氧化行为,考察了Co含量，焙烧温度，反应温度等对催化剂氧化性能的影响，结果表明，沉积沉淀法制备400℃焙烧的负载量为10％的Co／γ-Al2O3在90℃就能够实现CO完全氧化，且热稳定性比浸渍法制得催化剂好．本文还采用XRD、TPR、XPS等技术，分别研究了Co／γ-Al2O3样品的晶相结构，还原性能及表面化学状态.XRD结果表明，以硝酸盐为前驱物的Co负载于γ-Al2O3后，Co主要以Co3O4结构存在，反应的活性相Co3O4的生成有利于CO催化氧化，且以不同制备方法得到的样品中Co3O4晶粒大小不同，催化活性也不同．TPR结果表明，以沉积沉淀法制备催化剂的还原峰向低温移动，CoOx的还原更加容易．XPS表面分析表明沉淀法制备的Co／γ-Al2O3样品中，Co3O4在载体表面富集．     

Mn助剂对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂CO2甲烷化性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/γ-Al<,2>O<,3>和Ni-Mn/γ-Al<,2>O<,3>催化剂,在连续流动微反装置上考察了催化剂的CO<,2>甲烷化催化活性.借助N<,2>物理吸附、XRD、TEM、H<,2>-TPR、TPD及TPSR手段对催化剂的结构和性质进行表征.结果表明,Ni/γ-Al<,2>O<,3>中M...     

Performance of a tubular oxygen-permeable membrane reactor for partial oxidation of CH4 in coke oven gas to syngas

A gas-tight BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ (BCFNO) tubular membrane was fabricated by hot pressure casting. And a membrane reactor with BCFNO tubular membrane and Ag-based sealant was readily constructed and applied to partial oxidation of CH4 in coke oven gas. At 875 ℃, 95% of methane conversion, 91% of H2 and as high as 10 ml·cm-2·min-1 of oxygen permeation flux were obtained. There was a good match in the coefficient of thermal expansion between Ag-based alloy and BCFNO membrane materials. The tubular BCFNO membrane reactor packed with Ni-based catalysts exhibited not only high activity but also good stability in hydrogen-enriched coke oven gas (COG) atmosphere.     

Hydrogen production from simulated hot coke oven gas by catalytic reforming over Ni/Mg(A1)O catalysts

Hydrogen production by catalytic reforming of simulated hot coke oven gas (HCOG) with toluene as a model tar compound was investigated in a fixed bed reactor over Ni/Mg(Al)O catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method using urea hydrolysis and characterized by ICP,BET, XRD, TPR, TEM and TG. XRD showed that the hydrotalcite type precursor after calcination formed (Ni,Mg)Al2O4 spinel and Ni-Mg-O solid solution structure. TPR results suggested that the increase in Ni/Mg molar ratio gave rise to the decrease in the reduction temperature of Ni2+ to Ni0 on Ni/Mg(Al)O catalysts. The reaction results indicated that toluene and CH4 could completely be converted to H2 and CO in the catalytic reforming of the simulated HCOG under atmospheric pressure and the amount of H2 in the reaction effluent gas was about 4 times more than that in original HCOG. The catalysts with lower Ni/Mg molar ratio showed better catalytic activity and resistance to ceking, which may become promising catalysts in the catalytic reforming of HCOG.     

Hydrogen production by catalytic decomposition of methane using a Fe-based catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor

Catalytic decomposition of methane using a Fe-based catalyst for hydrogen production has been studied in this work. A Fe/Al2O3 catalyst previously developed by our research group has been tested in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). A parametric study of the effects of some process variables,including reaction temperature and space velocity,is undertaken. The operating conditions strongly affect the catalyst performance. Methane conversion was increased by increasing the temperature and lowering the space velocity. Using temperatures between 700 and 900℃ and space velocities between 3 and 6LN/(gcat·h),a methane conversion in the range of 25%-40% for the gas exiting the reactor could be obtained during a 6 hrun. In addition,carbon was deposited in the form of nanofilaments (chain like nanofibers and multiwall nanotubes) with similar properties to those obtained in a fixed bed reactor.     

Effect of rare earth oxides (CeO2, La2O3) on properties of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for reduction of nitrogen oxides by methane

We have established that the thermal stability of supported Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts is increased after they are modified by rare earth oxides (La₂O₃, Ce₂O₃). We have observed the effect of thermal activation of an aluminopalladium catalyst modified by lanthanum oxide. This effect is apparent in the increase of the specific catalytic activity in the reaction of high-temperature reduction of nitrogen oxides by methane after heat treatment of the catalyst at 850 °C. We have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to show that the reason for the thermal activation effect is stabilization of palladium in the Pd¹⁺ state. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 44–48, January–February, 2006.     

Dynamic modeling of a H2O-permselective membrane reactor to enhance methanol synthesis from syngas considering catalyst deactivation

In this paper,the effect of water vapor removal on methanol synthesis capacity from syngas in a fixed-bed membrane reactor is studied considering long-term catalyst deactivation.A dynamic heterogeneous one-dimensional mathematical model that is composed of two sides is developed to predict the performance of this configuration.In this configuration,conventional methanol reactor is supported by an aluminasilica composite membrane layer for water vapor removal from reaction zone.To verify the accuracy of the considered model and assumptions,simulation results of the conventional methanol reactor is compared with the industrial plant data under the same process condition.The membrane reactor improves catalyst life time and enhances CO2 conversion to methanol by overcoming the limitation imposed by thermodynamic equilibrium.This configuration has enhanced the methanol production capacity about 4.06% compared with the industrial methanol reactor during the production time.     

碱土金属氧化物改性ZrO2催化1,4-丁二醇选择性脱水合成3-丁烯-1-醇

采用浸渍法制备了碱土金属氧化物CaO,SrO或BaO改性的ZrO₂酸碱双功能催化剂,借助X射线衍射、低温N₂物理吸附、NH₃和CO₂程序升温脱附等手段表征了催化剂的结构、织构以及表面酸碱性质,并考察了其催化1,4-丁二醇选择性脱水合成3-丁烯-1-醇的反应性能.结果表明,碱土金属氧化物的引入显著调变了催化剂表面的酸性和碱性中心,进而对1,4-丁二醇转化率和3-丁烯-1-醇选择性产生重要影响.其中,CaO改性的ZrO₂样品中形成了大量的Ca-O-Zr结构,在ZrO₂表面形成大量碱性位点的同时,保持了较高的酸密度;而SrO和BaO改性的样品中生成了相应的锆酸盐,ZrO₂表面的酸密度呈现不同程度的下降.因此,CaO/ZrO₂催化剂表现出最优的催化活性和3-丁烯-1-醇选择性,350℃时,3-丁烯-1-醇收率最高,达60.5%.催化剂表面的酸碱协同作用是选择性合成3-丁烯-1-醇的关键因素.     

惰气熔融-红外吸收光谱法测定镧铈稀土钢中氧含量

高品质稀土钢要求进行精确低氧含量控制,而依据现有GB/T11261-2006标准进行氧含量测定,检测结果具有较大的不准确性。本研究以具有不同镧、铈稀土元素含量的稀土钢为对象,以其氧含量精确测定为目标,基于惰气熔融-红外吸收法,开展了分析功率、助熔剂和称样量对镧铈稀土钢中氧含量分析结果的影响研究。结果表明,对于不同镧、铈元素含量的稀土钢,需要采用不同的分析方法：当稀土钢中的镧、铈含量较低时,通过降低分析功率即可较为精确的测定稀土钢中的氧含量;对于镧、铈含量较高的稀土钢,在调控分析功率（分析功率在4000W～4500W）的基础上,需同时采用锡作为助熔剂,并将助熔剂与样品比例设定为1:1（称样量为0.3g～0.6g）,即可实现氧含量的精确测定。精密度验证实验结果显示,采用本研究所建立的方法,氧含量测试结果相对标准偏差（RSD）小于8.0%;采用钢标样进行回收率实验,回收率值在97%～108%,而加标回收率略有升高的原因在于助熔剂Sn降低了合金熔点,使少量难熔氧化物中的氧得到更充分释放。本研究所建立的分析方法可准确测定不同镧、铈元素含量稀土钢中的氧含量。     

稀土超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Nd2O3催化合成环己烯

环己烯是重要的一种有机合成中间体,具有活泼的双键,作为有机化工原料,可广泛应用于医药、农药、农用化学品、饲料添加剂、聚酯和其他精细化学品的生产。人们曾对环己醇脱水制环己烯反应使用过多种酸性催化剂及固体催化剂,固体超强酸就是其中之一,虽然已有许多关于固体超强酸应