基于巯基丁二酰肼铜（Ⅱ）单层修饰电极的HIV-p24电化学免疫传感器

研制了基于巯基丁二酰肼铜(Ⅱ)(CuL)单层修饰金电极(Au|CuL)测定艾滋病人血清中HIV核心抗原p24水平的免疫传感器.该传感器通过将CuL直接自组装到金电极表面制备而成.CuL对H2O2的还原具有催化作用,可作为p24抗体(anti p24)上标记的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)与电极之间电子传递媒介体.结合竞争性免疫分析,HRP-anti p24抗体(HRP-anti p24)与待测p24反应生成的免疫结合物游离在反应池中,通过测定在免疫结合物上HRP作用下电极表面CuL对H2O2催化增强电流,采用示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)直接获得待测抗原的含量.该免疫传感器的测定无需分离和洗涤步骤,温育时间短,为艾滋病诊断提供了一种新的方法.     

基于Pd-Au纳米颗粒的非标记型凝血酶传感器的研制

采用电沉积方法将Pd纳米颗粒沉积到玻碳电极(GCE)表面,再将Pd纳米颗粒修饰电极插入H2SO4溶液中,吸收适量活性氢后,转移到HAuCl4溶液中,静置一定时间后,使金被活性氢还原并自发沉积到Pd纳米颗粒修饰的玻碳电极表面。通过自组装作用将带巯基的凝血酶适配体Ⅰ固定在Pd-Au/GCE表面,制得非标记型凝血酶适配体传感器。当凝血酶与凝血酶适配体结合时,覆盖在电极表面,从而阻碍了电极表面的Pd-Au纳米颗粒对H2O2的催化还原活性,通过监测H2O2还原电流的减小程度,实现对凝血酶的定量检测。考察了pH值、培育时间等实验条件对响应电流的影响以及Pd-Au纳米颗粒的协同作用。实验表明,此传感器的线性范围为3.0~300 nmol/L,检出限为0.98 nmol/L。     

基于石墨烯和金纳米棒复合物的过氧化氢电化学传感器

利用阴离子型聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护的带负电荷的还原态石墨烯(GN)与带正电荷的金纳米棒(AuNR)之间的静电吸附,通过层层自组装的方法研制出一种新型过氧化氢(H2O2)传感器。首先将PVP保护的石墨烯(PVP-GNs)吸附到表面干净的裸玻碳电极(GCE)上,再将PVP-GNs修饰的电极浸泡于金纳米棒溶液中,通过静电吸附将金纳米棒负载在PVP-GNs膜之上。以循环伏安及计时安培电流等方法对修饰电极的性质进行了表征。结果表明,制备的PVP-GNs-AuNRs/GCE对H2O2的催化还原显示出好的电催化活性。测定H2O2的线性范围为25～712μmol/L;检出限(S/N=3)为7.5μmol/L。此传感器制作简单,具有响应快、稳定性好、灵敏度高等特点。     

基于磁性碳纳米管修饰印刷电极的无酶型HIV p24安培免疫传感器

在多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)表面固定Fe3O4(核)/Au(壳)纳米微粒(GMP),使其具有超顺磁性,包被p24抗体(anti p24),制得检测探针(MWNTs-GMP/anti p24);在磁场作用下将此探针吸附于N,N'-双(2-羟基苯亚甲基)邻苯二胺合铜(CuRb)修饰的碳基丝网印刷电极(SPCE|CuRb)表面,制得了免疫传感电极(SPCE|CuRb/MWNTs-GMP/anti p24)。当此电极在含p24样本中于室温下温育15min后,随p24浓度的增加在电极表面生成的免疫复合物增加,导致CuRb对H2O2的催化还原电流下降。在含5mmol/L H2O2的PBS(pH7.0)中和-300mV下,催化还原电流降低值ΔIo与p24浓度在0.6～160μg/L呈线性关系;检出限为0.32μg/L(3σ)。将其用于实际样品检测,结果与标准EILSA方法一致。由于MWNTs-GMP/anti p24具有超顺磁性,并可以显著提高电极比表面积及anti p24负载量,而CuRb代替易失活的HRP酶,使得该传感器灵敏度和稳定性俱佳,电极表面可更新,可用于艾滋病人血清中p24筛测。     

基于血红蛋白-纳米磷酸钬复合材料的过氧化氢生物传感器

以Ho2O3为反应物,采用水热法制备了纳米磷酸钬(n-HoPO4),并利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)对其进行形貌表征和元素组成分析.将n-HoPO4和血红蛋白(Hb)复合材料修饰于裸玻碳电极(GCE)表面构建生物传感器,实现了对H2O2的电化学检测.采用循环伏安(CV)和电化学交流阻抗(EIS)技术对修饰电极进行表征,结果表明,Hb/n-HoPO4/GCE对H2O2的还原具有良好的电化学催化效果;n-HoPO4具有良好的导电性和生物相容性,促进了Hb与工作电极间的直接电子转移.研究了不同pH值和电化学扫速对修饰电极响应电流的影响.在优化实验条件下,此生物传感器对H2O2在50 ～ 1000 μmol/L范围内表现出良好的线性关系,相关线性系数R=0.999,检出限为17 μmol/L(S/N=3).此生物传感器具有检测范围宽、稳定性和重现性好、抗干扰能力强等优点,可用于实际样品的检测.     

GCE/DNA/PFS/RTIL/HRP修饰电极的制备及其电催化行为

将辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）固定在室温离子液体（RTIL）/聚二茂铁硅烷（PFS）/DNA复合材料修饰的玻碳电极（GCE）表面,构建了GCE/DNA/PFS/RTIL/HRP修饰电极,详细地研究了该修饰电极的电催化行为,优化了电解质溶液的pH值和RTIL的体积对催化过氧化氢（H2O2）的影响。 电化学实验结果表明,DNA、PFS和RTIL复合膜既为HRP提供了一个生物兼容的微环境;又有效地促进了电子在HRP和电极表面之间的传递。 在最优实验条件下,该修饰电极对H2O2具有快速的催化响应,在2 s内即可达到稳态电流的95%,其响应在3.25 μmol/L~1.47 mmol/L（r=0.999,n=10）和1.86~5.35 mmol/L（r=0.996,n=12）范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.86 μmol/L。 该传感器灵敏度高、重现性和稳定性好。 此外,该修饰电极还能催化O2还原。     

琼脂糖膜固载肌红蛋白催化还原过氧化物的研究

用琼脂糖(agarose)将肌红蛋白(Mb)固定在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制备了Mb-Agarose膜修饰电极。在水-乙醇混合溶液中,包埋在Agarose中的Mb与电极发生直接电子传递,并且能催化还原H2O2、过氧化丁酮、氢过氧化叔丁基、氢过氧化异丙基苯等过氧化物和NO。Mb-Agarose膜修饰电极具有较好的稳定性和重现性,可用于上述过氧化物和亚硝酸盐的定量检测。     

纳米Pt/巯基丁二酰胺铜修饰电极的制备及其电催化活性

利用电沉积法将纳米Pt固定在巯基丁二酰胺铜(II)自组装金电极(Au/CuL)表面, 制备了一种纳米催化电极(Au/CuL/nano Pt). 分别以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、光电子能谱(XPS), 表面红外光谱(FT-IR)及电化学交流阻抗(EIS)对电极表面形貌进行了表征, 并采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了它的电化学性质. 结果表明, CuL具有良好的电化学活性并对H2O2的还原具有电催化作用, 纳米Pt可以显著增强这种催化性能. 在30 ℃、0.02 mol·L-1 PBS缓冲液(pH=6.0)中检测H2O2, 在0.00125-0.16 mmol·L-1浓度范围呈现线性响应, 相关系数为0.9960(信噪比为3), 检测极限为0.3 μmol·L-1. 该电极对H2O2电流响应灵敏度高(0.312 mA·cm-2·mmol-1·L)、检测迅速(4.3 s)、稳定性好(对46 μmol·L-1和2.8 mmol·L-1的H2O2连续测10 次, 变异系数分别为3.1%和3.9%; 保存70 d后对10 μmol·L-1 H2O2的响应为初始响应的95%).     

磁性纳米金共价固定癌胚抗原单克隆抗体的电流型免疫传感器

合成了Fe3O4/Au磁性复合纳米粒子, 在粒子表面通过自组装硫脲分子使表面氨基化, 再用戊二醛共价交联固定癌胚抗原抗体(anti-CEA). 在外加磁场的作用下, 将anti-CEA复合磁性粒子吸附在固体石蜡碳糊电极表面, 制成了新型电流型免疫传感器. 免疫电极在含有癌胚抗原CEA和辣根过氧化物酶标记的癌胚抗原(HRP-CEA)的混合溶液中温育, CEA和HRP-CEA与固定在电极表面的anti-CEA发生竞争反应, 导致HRP对H2O2的催化降解作用的改变, 从而可间接测定CEA. 由于标记的HRP可催化降解H2O2, 导致媒介体间苯二酚浓度改变, 使测定的灵敏度大大提高. 响应电流与CEA质量浓度的对数在2~160 ng/mL的范围内呈线性关系, 检出限为0.57 ng/mL(3σ法). 该免疫传感器具有制作简单、价廉及表面易于更新等特点.     

普鲁士蓝-多壁碳纳米管复合材料修饰电极测定过氧化氢

利用电化学方法在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)修饰的玻碳电极表面聚合一层普鲁士蓝(PB)(PB/MWCNT/GCE),制备了一种新型的过氧化氢(H2O2)传感器。研究了该传感器对H2O2的电催化作用。讨论了支持电解质种类、酸度、修饰层厚度、电位和扫速等对H2O2响应的影响。研究表明,该传感器在以1.0mol/L KCl为支持电解质的磷酸盐溶液(pH=2.0)中,对H2O2具有明显的催化效应,测定的线性范围变宽,在2.9×10-6~8.8×10-2mol/L范围内还原峰电流与H2O2的浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9949;检出限为1.4×10-6mol/L。该电极用于医用消毒水中H2O2的测定,结果令人满意。     

The Signal‐Enhanced Label‐Free Immunosensor Based on Assembly of Prussian Blue‐SiO2 Nanocomposite for Amperometric Measurement of Neuron‐Specific Enolase

A signal‐enhanced label‐free electrochemical immunosensor was constructed by the employment of Prussian blue doped silica dioxide (PB‐SiO₂) nanocomposite. At first, PB‐SiO₂ nanocomposite which was produced by using a microemulsion method was used to obtain a nanostructural monolayer on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Next amino‐functionalized interface were prepared by self‐assembling 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES) on the PB‐SiO₂ nanoparticle surface. Then chitosan stabled gold nanoparticle (CS‐nanoAu) was subsequently attached, while the entire surface was finally loaded with neuron‐specific enolase antibody (anti‐NSE) via the adsorption of gold nanoparticle. The sensitivity of the proposed immunosensor has greatly improved as the PB‐SiO₂ nanostructural sensing film provides plenty of active sites which might catalyze the reduction of H₂O₂. The immunosensor exhibited good linear behavior in the concentration range from 0.25–5.0 and 5.0–75 ng/mL for the quantitative analysis of neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), a putative serum marker of small‐cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), with a limit of detection of 0.08 ng/mL. The resulting NSE immunosensor showed high sensitivity and long‐term lifetime which can be attributed to the extremely high catalytic activity and biocompatibility of CS‐nanoAu/APTES/PB‐SiO₂ nanostructural multilayers.     

Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles/Fe3O4-FCNTs-CS Composite Film Functionalized Interface for Carbofuran Detection

In this paper, a novel amperometric immunosensor for the determination of carbofuran based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs), magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (Fe₃O₄-FCNTs-CS), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) composite film was proposed. First, GNPs were immobilized onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, and then the magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles mixed with chitosan-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (CS-FCNTs) homogeneous composite (CS-FCNTs-Fe₃O₄) was immobilized onto the GNPs layer by electrostatic interactions between amino groups of CS and GNPs. Because chitosan (CS) contains many amino groups, it can absorb more antibodies. FCNTs have high surface area, high electrical conductivity, and it can enhance the electron transfer rate; Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles can provide a favorable microenvironment for biomolecules immobilization due to their good biocompatibility, strong superparamagnetic property, and low toxicity; and GNPs possess high surface-to-volume reaction, stability, and high conductivity. Gold Nanoparticles/Fe₃O₄-FCNTs-CS composite film was constructed onto the GCE surface, which had significant synergistic effects toward immunoreaction signal amplification. The stepwise assembly process was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the current response was proportional to the concentration of carbofuran ranging from 1.0 ng/mL to 100.0 ng/mL and from 100.0 ng/mL to 200 µg/mL with the detection limit 0.032 ng/mL. The proposed immunosensor exhibited good accuracy, high sensitivity, and stability, and it can be used for detection of carbofuran pesticide.     

基于Fe3O4@Au复合纳米粒子标记抗体的电化学免疫方法用于水体中大肠杆菌的检测

合成了Fe₃O₄@Au复合纳米粒子作为辣根过氧化酶标记抗体的载体, 并将该复合纳米粒子标记物应用于电化学放大免疫分析. 将电子媒介体硫堇聚合在玻碳电极表面, 以纳米金作为固定大肠杆菌抗体的基底, 通过辣根过氧化酶催化溶液中H₂O₂产生的电流信号来测定大肠杆菌. 实验结果表明, 该方法对水体中大肠杆菌检测的线性范围为50～1×10⁵ cfu/mL, 检出限为20 cfu/mL. 对过富集后的实际水样进行测定, 该法结果表明, 对水体中大肠杆菌的检测灵敏度达到2 cfu/mL.     

Fe_3O_4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Modified Electrode as a Sensor for Determination of Nimesulide

A novel type of Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified glass carbon electrode(Fe3O4/GCE) was constructed and the electrochemical properties of N-(4-nitro-2-phenoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide(nimesulide) were studied on the Fe3O4/GCE.In 0.4mol/L HAc-NaAc buffer solution(pH=5.0),the electrode process of nimesulide was irreversible at bare GCE and Fe3O4/GCE.The Fe3O4/GCE exhibited a remarkable catalytic and enhancement effect on the reduction of nimesulide.The reduction peak potential of nimesulide shifted positively from...     

A novel amperometric immunosensor based on Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> magnetic nanoparticles/chitosan composite film for determination of ferritin

A novel amperometric immunosensor was developed by immobilizing ferritin antibody (FeAb) on the surface of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles/chitosan composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). This material combined the advantages of inorganic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with the organic polymer chitosan. The stepwise assembly procedure of the immunosensor was characterized by means of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and ac impedance. The K₃Fe(CN)₆/K₄Fe(CN)₆ was used as a marker to probe the interface and to determinate ferritin. The factors that could influence the performance of the resulting immunosensor were studied in detail. After the immunosensor was incubated with ferritin for 32 min at 35 °C, the DPV current decreased linearly with the logarithm of ferritin concentration in the range from 20 to 500 ng mL⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.995 and a detection limit of 7.0 ng mL⁻¹. This immunosensor was used to analyze ferritin in human serum samples. The analytical results showed that the developed immunoassay was comparable with the radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the studied immunosensor exhibited good accuracy, high sensitivity, and long-term stability for 3 weeks, which implies a promising alternative approach for detecting ferritin in clinical diagnosis.     

基于碳纳米管/L-半胱氨酸/Fe3O4@Au纳米复合材料的电流型甲胎蛋白免疫传感器的研究

将DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)分散的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)修饰在金电极表面,再将修饰电极依次沉积纳米金和L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys),并通过半胱氨酸中的巯基吸附Fe3O4@Au纳米复合材料,再固载甲胎蛋白抗体(anti-AFP),以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封闭非特异性吸附位点,构建了高灵敏、稳定的新型电流型甲胎蛋白免疫传感器。实验通过扫描透射电子显微镜(TEM)对DMF-MWNT和Fe3O4@Au复合纳米粒子进行了表征。在优化的实验条件下,此免疫传感器对甲胎蛋白抗原的检测范围为0.1～150μg/L,检出限为0.03μg/L。     

Sensitive immunoassay for the β-agonist ractopamine based on glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a film of poly-arginine

We are presenting an electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of the β-agonist and food additive ractopamine. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with gold nanoparticles and a film of a composite made from poly(arginine) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Antibody against ractopamine was immobilized on the surface of the modified GCE which then was blocked with bovine serum albumin. The assembly of the immunosensor was followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the semicircle diameter increases, indicating that the film formed on the surface hinders electron transfer due to formation of the antibody-antigen complex on the modified electrode. Under optimal conditions, the peak current obtained by differential pulse voltammetry decreases linearly with increasing ractopamine concentrations in the 0.1 nmol•L⁻¹ to 1 μmol•L⁻¹ concentration range. The lower detection limit is 0.1 nmol•L⁻¹. The sensor displays good stability and reproducibility. The method was applied to the analysis of spiked swine feed samples and gave satisfactory results.

Immunoassay for ractopamine based on glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles and a film of a composite made from poly (arginine) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes was proposed. Under optimal conditions, the peak currents obtained by differential pulse voltammetry decreases linearly with increasing ractopamine concentrations in the 0.1 nmol•L⁻¹ to 1 μmol•L⁻¹ concentration range. The detection limit is 0.1 nmol•L⁻¹.

     

纳米金与磁性纳米复合物构建电流型免疫传感器的研究

制备了易于磁性分离、硫堇(Thi)包覆的四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)纳米复合物。通过静电吸附作用,将萘酚(Nafion)、Thi包覆的Fe3O4复合纳米粒子层层修饰到玻碳电极表面,再利用Thi分子中的氨基吸附纳米金,最后固载甲胎蛋白抗体,从而制得灵敏度高、稳定性好的无试剂电流型甲胎蛋白免疫传感器。实验通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)对该复合纳米粒子进行表征,并用循环伏安法考察了电极的电化学特性。结果表明,Fe3O4/Thi复合纳米粒子修饰的电极在实验过程中呈现出良好的氧化还原活性,其检测范围为0.05～20μg/L,检出限为0.03μg/L。