Weighted extended b-splines for one-dimensional electromagnetic problems

This paper considers the weighted extended b-splines as basis function for finite element method in electromagnetics and compares with the standard finite element method applied to the two-point boundary value problems with different boundary conditions. This new approach, which provides more accurate results than standard finite element method, is presented to compare other numerical techniques and applied to one-dimensional electromagnetic problems. Computed results are compared with other numerical results in literature.     

Least-squares finite element methods for the elasticity problem

A new first-order system formulation for the linear elasticity problem in displacement-stress form is proposed. The formulation is derived by introducing additional variables of derivatives of the displacements, whose combinations represent the usual stresses. Standard and weighted least-squares finite element methods are then applied to this extended system. These methods offer certain advantages such as that they need not satisfy the inf-sup condition which is required in the mixed finite element formulation, that a single continuous piecewise polynomial space can be used for the approximation of all the unknowns, that the resulting algebraic systems are symmetric and positive definite, and that accurate approximations of the displacements and the stresses can be obtained simultaneously. With displacement boundary conditions, it is shown that both methods achieve optimal rates of convergence in the H¹-norm and in the L²-norm for all the unknowns. Numerical experiments with various Poisson ratios are given to demonstrate the theoretical error estimates.     

带自由边界的可压缩欧拉与欧拉-泊松方程组径向对称解的爆破北大核心CSCD

本文在R^(N)(N=2,3)中研究描述流向外部真空的可压缩流体的欧拉与欧拉-泊松方程组径向对称解的爆破.在分离流体与真空的连续自由边界条件下考虑其自由边值问题.对于径向对称的欧拉方程组,证明若初始流平均向外流动,则其光滑解将在有限时刻爆破.对于带有斥力与弛豫项的单极与双极径向对称欧拉-泊松方程组,证明若某个与初始动量有关的加权泛函适当大,则其光滑解将在有限时刻爆破。     

A comparison result for perturbed radial p-Laplacians

Consider the radially symmetric p-Laplacian for p?2 under zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. The main result of the present paper is that under appropriate conditions a solution of a perturbed (radially symmetric) p-Laplacian can be compared with the solution of the unperturbed one. As a consequence one obtains a sign preserving result for a system of p-Laplacians which are coupled in a nonquasimonotone way.     

Weighted extended B-spline method for the approximation of the stationary Stokes problem

A new stabilized, mesh-free method for the approximation of the Stokes problem, using weighted extended B-splines (WEB-splines) as shape functions has been proposed. The web-spline based bilinear velocity–constant pressure element satisfies the so called inf–sup condition or Ladyshenskaya–Babus˘ka–Brezzi (LBB) condition. The main advantage of this method over standard finite element methods is that it uses regular grids instead of irregular partitions of domain, thus eliminating the difficult and time consuming pre-processing step. Convergence and Condition number estimates are derived. Numerical experiments in two space dimensions confirm the theoretical predictions.     

Complex conjugate gradient methods

Linear systems with complex coefficients arise from various physical problems. Examples are the Helmholtz equation and Maxwell equations approximated by finite difference or finite element methods, that lead to large sparse linear systems. When the continuous problem is reduced to integral equations, after discretization, one obtains a dense linear system. The resulting matrices are generally non-Hermitian but, most of the time, symmetric and consequently the classical conjugate gradient method cannot be directly applied. Usually, these linear systems have to be solved with a large number of unknowns because, for instance, in electromagnetic scattering problems the mesh size must be related to the wave length of the incoming wave. The higher the frequency of the incoming wave, the smaller the mesh size must be. When one wants to solve 3D-problems, it is no longer practical to use direct method solvers, because of the huge memory they need. So iterative methods are attractive for this kind of problems, even though their convergence cannot be always guaranteed with theoretical results. In this paper we derive several methods from a unified framework and we numerically compare these algorithms on some test problems.     

A non-uniform basis order for the discontinuous Galerkin method of the acoustic and elastic wave equations

Here, we solve the time-dependent acoustic and elastic wave equations using the discontinuous Galerkin method for spatial discretization and the low-storage Runge-Kutta and Crank-Nicolson methods for time integration. The aim of the present paper is to study how to choose the order of polynomial basis functions for each element in the computational mesh to obtain a predetermined relative error. In this work, the formula 2p+1≈κhk, which connects the polynomial basis order p, mesh parameter h, wave number k, and free parameter κ, is studied. The aim is to obtain a simple selection method for the order of the basis functions so that a relatively constant error level of the solution can be achieved. The method is examined using numerical experiments. The results of the experiments indicate that this method is a promising approach for approximating the degree of the basis functions for an arbitrarily sized element. However, in certain model problems we show the failure of the proposed selection scheme. In such a case, the method provides an initial basis for a more general p-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method.     

Grid modification for the wave equation with attenuation

Summary. The wave equation with attenuation due to a linear friction is approximated by a new mixed finite element method which allows one to use different grids and basis functions at different times when necessary. This method enables one to track sharp moving wave fronts more efficiently and accurately. Error estimates with optimal convergent rates are established. Unconditional stability is also proved for this method. Received March 27, 1992/Revised version received May 21, 1993     

On a residual local projection method for the Darcy equation

A new symmetric local projection method built on residual bases (RELP) makes linear equal-order finite element pairs stable for the Darcy problem. The derivation is performed inside a Petrov–Galerkin enriching space approach (PGEM) which indicates parameter-free terms to be added to the Galerkin method without compromising consistency. Velocity and pressure spaces are augmented using solutions of residual dependent local Darcy problems obtained after a static condensation procedure. We prove the method achieves error optimality and indicates a way to recover a locally mass conservative velocity field. Numerical experiments validate theory. To cite this article: L.P. Franca et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 347 (2009).     

A new rotated nonconforming pyramid element

In this paper, a new nonparametric nonconforming pyramid finite element is introduced. This element takes the five face mean values as the degrees of the freedom and the finite element space is a subspace of P₂. Different from the other nonparametric elements, the basis functions of this new element can be expressed explicitly without solving linear systems locally, which can be achieved by introducing a new reference pyramid. To evaluate the integration, a class of new quadrature formulae with only two/three equally weighted points on pyramid are constructed. We present the error estimation in the presence of quadrature formulae. Numerical results are shown to confirm the optimality of the convergence order for the second order elliptic problems.     

Analysis of Direct and Inverse Cavity Scattering Problems

Consider the scattering of a time-harmonic electromagnetic plane wave by an arbitrarily shaped and filled cavity embedded in a perfect electrically conducting infinite ground plane.A method of symmetric coupling of finite element and boundary integral equations is presented for the solutions of electromagnetic scattering in both transverse electric and magnetic polarization cases.Given the incident field,the direct problem is to determine the field distribution from the known shape of the cavity; while the inverse problem is to determine the shape of the cavity from the measurement of the field on an artificial boundary enclosing the cavity.In this paper,both the direct and inverse scattering problems are discussed based on a symmetric coupling method.Variational formulations for the direct scattering problem are presented,existence and uniqueness of weak solutions are studied,and the domain derivatives of the field with respect to the cavity shape are derived.Uniqueness and local stability results are established in terms of the inverse problem.     

A two-grid method for finite volume element approximations of second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations

The two-grid method is studied for solving a two-dimensional second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equation using finite volume element method. The method is based on two different finite element spaces defined on one coarse grid with grid size H and one fine grid with grid size h, respectively. The nonsymmetric and nonlinear iterations are only executed on the coarse grid and the fine grid solution can be obtained in a single symmetric and linear step. It is proved that the coarse grid can be much coarser than the fine grid. A prior error estimate in the H¹-norm is proved to be O(h+H³|lnH|) for the two-grid semidiscrete finite volume element method. With these proposed techniques, solving such a large class of second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations will not be much more difficult than solving one single linearized equation. Finally, a numerical example is presented to validate the usefulness and efficiency of the method.     

Weighted Sobolev embedding with unbounded and decaying radial potentials

We prove embedding results of weighted W1,p(RN) spaces of radially symmetric functions. The results then are used to obtain ground and bound state solutions of quasilinear equations with unbounded or decaying radial potentials.     

A theoretical analysis of a new second order finite volume approximation based on a low-order scheme using general admissible spatial meshes for the one dimensional wave equation

This paper details our note [6] and it is an extension of our previous works  and  which dealt with first order (both in time and space) and second order time accurate (second order in time and first order in space) implicit finite volume schemes for second order hyperbolic equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions on general nonconforming multidimensional spatial meshes introduced recently in [14]. We aim in this work (and some forthcoming studies) to get higher order (both in time and space) finite volume approximations for the exact solution of hyperbolic equations using the class of spatial generic meshes introduced recently in [14] on low order schemes from which the matrices used to compute the discrete solutions are sparse. We focus in the present contribution on the one dimensional wave equation and on one of its implicit finite volume schemes described in [4]. The implicit finite volume scheme approximating the one dimensional wave equation we consider (hereafter referred to as the basic finite volume scheme) yields linear systems to be solved successively. The matrices involved in these linear systems are tridiagonal, symmetric and definite positive. The finite volume approximate solution of the basic finite volume scheme is of order h+k$h+k$, where h (resp. k  ) is the mesh size of the spatial (resp. time) discretization. We construct a new finite volume approximation of order (h+k)²${(h+k)}^2$ in several discrete norms which allow us to get approximations of order two for the exact solution and its first derivatives. This new high-order approximation can be computed using linear systems whose matrices are the same ones used to compute the discrete solution of the basic finite volume scheme while the right hand sides are corrected. The construction of these right hand sides includes the approximation of some high order spatial derivatives of the exact solution. The computation of the approximation of these high order spatial derivatives can be performed using the same matrices stated above with another two tridiagonal matrices. The manner by which this new high-order approximation is constructed can be repeated to compute successively finite volume approximations of arbitrary order using the same matrices stated above. These high-order approximations can be obtained on any one dimensional admissible finite volume mesh in the sense of [13] without any condition. To reach the above results, a theoretical framework is developed and some numerical examples supporting the theory are presented. Some of the tools of this framework are new and interesting and they are stated in the one space dimension but they can be extended to several space dimensions. In particular a new and useful a prior estimate for a suitable discrete problem is developed and proved. The proof of this a prior estimate result is based essentially on the decomposition of the solution of the discrete problem into the solutions of two suitable discrete problems. A new technique is used in order to get a convenient finite volume approximation whose discrete time derivatives of order up to order two are also converging towards the solution of the wave equation and their corresponding time derivatives.     

半导体器件瞬态模拟的对称正定混合元方法

提出具有对称正定特性的混合元格式求解非稳态半导体器件瞬态模拟问题。提出一个最小二乘混合元方法、一个新的具有分裂和对称正定性质的混合元格式和一个解经典混合元方程的对称正定失窃工格式求解电场位势和电场强度方程;提出一个最小二乘混合元格式求解关于电子与空穴浓度的非稳态对流扩散方程,浓度函数和流函数被同时求解;采用标准的有限元方法求解热传导方程。建立了误差分析理论。     

Symmetric modified finite volume element methods for self-adjoint elliptic and parabolic problems

The finite volume element method is a discretization technique for partial differential equations, but in general case the coefficient matrix of its linear system is not symmetric, even for the self-adjoint continuous problem. In this paper we develop a kind of symmetric modified finite volume element methods both for general self-adjoint elliptic and for parabolic problems on general discretization, their coefficient matrix are symmetric. We give the optimal order energy norm error estimates. We also prove that the difference between the solutions of the finite volume element method and symmetric modified finite volume element method is a high order term.     

Two-grid methods for characteristic finite volume element solution of semilinear convection-diffusion equations

Two-grid methods for characteristic finite volume element solutions are presented for a kind of semilinear convection-dominated diffusion equations. The methods are based on the method of characteristics, two-grid method and the finite volume element method. The nonsymmetric and nonlinear iterations are only executed on the coarse grid (with grid size H). And the fine-grid solution (with grid size h) can be obtained by a single symmetric and linear step. It is proved that the coarse grid can be much coarser than the fine grid. The two-grid methods achieve asymptotically optimal approximation as long as the mesh sizes satisfy H = O(h^1/3).     

Introduction to the Web-method and its applications

The Web-method is a meshless finite element technique which uses weighted extended B-splines (Web-splines) on a tensor product grid as basis functions. It combines the computational advantages of B-splines and standard mesh-based elements. In particular, degree and smoothness can be chosen arbitrarily without substantially increasing the dimension. Hence, accurate approximations are obtained with relatively few parameters. Moreover, the regular grid is well suited for hierarchical refinement and multigrid techniques. This article should serve as an introduction to finite element approximation with B-splines. We first review the construction of Web-bases and discuss their basic properties. Then we illustrate the performance of Ritz–Galerkin schemes for a model problem and applications in linear elasticity. Finally, we discuss several implementation aspects. AMS subject classification 65N30, 41A15, 74S05Anja Streit: Present address: Fraunhofer ITWM, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.     

Symmetric finite volume schemes for eigenvalue problems in arbitrary dimensions

Based on a linear finite element space,two symmetric finite volume schemes for eigenvalue problems in arbitrary dimensions are constructed and analyzed.Some relationships between the finite element method and the finite difference method are addressed,too.     

The number of flags in finite vector spaces: asymptotic normality and Mahonian statistics

We study the generalized Galois numbers which count flags of length r in N-dimensional vector spaces over finite fields. We prove that the coefficients of those polynomials are asymptotically Gaussian normally distributed as N becomes large. Furthermore, we interpret the generalized Galois numbers as weighted inversion statistics on the descent classes of the symmetric group on N elements and identify their asymptotic limit as the Mahonian inversion statistic when r approaches ∞. Finally, we apply our statements to derive further statistical aspects of generalized Rogers–Szeg? polynomials, reinterpret the asymptotic behavior of linear q-ary codes and characters of the symmetric group acting on subspaces over finite fields, and discuss implications for affine Demazure modules and joint probability generating functions of descent-inversion statistics.