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1.
Hidetake Sakuraba Hirokazu Ishizaki Yoshio Tanaka Toshimi Shimizu 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1987,5(4):449-458
Asymmetric halogenation and hydrohalogenation of styrene in microcrystalline cyclodextrin complexes were studied in the gas-solid state, and compared with the homogenous reactions in aqueous or dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. The gas-solid brominations in the - and -cyclodextrin complexes produced predominantly (–)-1,2-dibromo-l-phenylethane. The chiral induction for the reaction of the -cyclodextrin complex rose to 9 times that of the -cyclodextrin complex. Brominations in the homogenous solutions containing the - or -cyclodextrin complexes gave no dibromide but racemic bromohydrin. In the gas-solid chlorination, the -cyclodextrin complex gave (–)-dichloride,S-(+)-2-chloro-l-phenylethanol (14% ee) and (+)-1,2,2-trichloro-l-phenylethane, and the -cyclodextrin complex produced (+)-dichloride,S-(+)-chlorohydrin (8% ee) and (+)-trichloride. The chiral induction of the gas-solid halogenation using the solid cyclodextrin complexes is attributed to the ability to hold rigidly a chiral conformation of the crystalline state. However, the gas-solid hydrohalogenation all gave racemic products.Presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Inclusion Phenomena and the Third International Symposium on Cyclodextrins, Lancaster, U.K., 20–25 July 1986. 相似文献
2.
Y. Tanaka H. Sakuraba Y. Oka H. Nakanishi 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1984,2(3-4):841-850
The gas-solid halogenation and hydrohalogenation using microcrystalline cyclodextrin complexes are found to be efficient for production of the optical active halides of ethyltrans-cinnamate in moderate optical yields: On exposure to HBr at 20°C for 15–20 hr, the cinnamate in solid - and -cyclodextrin complexes yields ethyl R-(+)-3-bromo-3-phenylpropanoate in 46% e.e., and S-(–)-enantiomer in 31% e.e., respectively. No addition nor substitution products are obtained with HC1 vapor at 0–50°C for 15–65 hr. Bromination of the -cyclodextrin complex results in the formation of optical active ethylerythro-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate, while chlorination gives the optical active mixture oftrans andcis addition products, ethylerythro- andthreo-2,3-dichloro-3-phenylpropanoates in 60–80% yields. Mechanism of chiral induction in the present gas-solid reaction has been proposed on the basis of the crystal structure of the complex. 相似文献
3.
Hidetake Sakuraba Yoshio Tananaka Fujio Toda 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1991,11(2):195-204
The asymmetric Michael addition of aromatic thiols to 2-cyclohexenone and maleic acid esters has been carried out by utilizing their crystalline cyclodextrin complexes suspended in water. The best chiral induction, 30% enantiomeric excess (ee), was achieved in combinations of 2-cyclohexenone and octyl maleate with the crystalline -cyclodextrin complex of benzenethiol (method A) to afford (S)-3-phenylthiocyclohexanone and (S)-octyl-2-phenylthiosuccinate, respectively, whereas the reaction of benzenethiol with 2-cyclohexenone included in -cyclodextrin (method B) inversely induced the chiral recognition to give the (R)-adduct with 4–9% ee. 相似文献
4.
Vesna Nikolić Mihajlo Stanković Ljubiša Nikolić Goran Nikolić Snežana Ilić-Stojanović Mirjana Popsavin Saša Zlatković Tatjana Kundaković 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2013,76(1-2):173-182
Molecular inclusion complexes of usnic acid (UA) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP β-CD) were prepared by the co-precipitation method in the solid state in the molar ratio of 1:1. Structural complexes characterization was based on different methods, FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD and DSC. Parallel to the complex by the above methods, corresponding physical mixtures of UA with cyclodextrins and complexing agents (β-CD, HP β-CD and UA) were analyzed. The results of DSC analysis showed that, at around 200 °C, the endothermal peak in the complexes with cyclodextrins originating from the UA melting has disappeared. Complex diffractogram patterns do not contain peaks characteristic for the pure UA. They are more appropriate to cyclodextrin diffractogram. This fact points to the molecular encapsulation of UA in the cyclodextrin cavity. Chemical shifts in 1H NMR spectra after the inclusion of UA into the cyclodextrin cavity, especially H-3 protons (0.0012 and 0.0102 ppm in the β-CD and HP β-CD, respectively) and H-5 and H-6 (0.0134 ppm) and hydrogen from CH3 (0.0073 ppm) HP β-CD also points to the formation of molecular inclusion complexes. The improved solubility of UA in water was achieved by molecular incapsulation. In the complex with β-CD the solubility is 0.3 mg/cm3, with HP β-CD 4.2 mg/cm3 while the uncomplexed UA solubility is 0.06 mg/cm3. The microbial activity of UA and both complexes was tested against eight bacteria and two fungi and during the test no reduced activity of UA in the complexes was observed. 相似文献
5.
M. Fodor Cs. Novák R. Ràkosa K. Tomor G. Pokol S. Gál 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1997,48(3):515-525
In the present study the solid and liquid phase behaviour of mandelic acid cyclodextrin systems were studied. The samples were prepared using dry grinding/kneading technique in the absence of any solvent. Thermoanalytical methods (TG, DSC, EGD) were used to characterise the solid compounds. In liquid phase the stoichiometry and the stability constants of the complexes formed were determined using UV spectrophotometry. Partial complex formation was found in case of all cyclodextrins used. The amount of uncomplexed mandelic acid varied between 10–20% of the total guest content. 相似文献
6.
R. Vaitkus G. Grinciene E. Norkus 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2011,69(3-4):345-347
Acidic hydrolysis of ??-cyclodextrin in the solution of hydrochloric acid containing some aliphatic alcohols was investigated. The reaction was carried out at 90 °C. It was observed that the rate of the reaction has decreased with the increase in concentration of a guest. 相似文献
7.
8.
Cs. Novák A. Végh S. Marokházi G. Pokol L. Szente 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1994,41(1):181-190
Racemic free mandelic acid and its methyl, ethyl, isoamyl and benzyl esters were found to form inclusion complexes with all
the three studied natural cyclodextrins proved by thermoanalytical results. Differences between the solid state stability
of guests were detected mainly by evolved gas analysis. Even signs of an eventual optical resolution by molecular inclusion
were observed in several cases, but still not sufficiently proven. Due to the rather high volatility and low melting points
of the majority of guest substances DSC technique was found to be suitable for studying the cyclodextrin complexes of mandelic
acid.
Dedicated to Prof. József Szejtli on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
9.
Kohji Inaba Tohru Wakuda Kaneto Uekama 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1984,2(3-4):467-474
Generally, prostaglandins (PG) are unstable and insoluble in water, though they exhibit strong biological activities in minute amount. The most difficult problem in developing PG preparations is how to stabilize and solubilize PG without loss of their activities. We have successfully developed the pharmaceutical preparations contaning PG complexes with cyclodextrins (CD). These preparations are already on the market, namely PGE2 ·-CD Tablet and PGE1 ·-CD Injection. Moreover, PG and PGI2 derivatives are now under development as a form of CD complex. 相似文献
10.
Ahn S Cong X Lebrilla CB Gronert S 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2005,16(2):166-175
Protonated complexes of amino acids and underivatized beta-cyclodextrin, produced by electrospray ionization and trapped in the Fourier transform mass spectrometer, undergo formation of ternary complexes when reacted with alkyl amine. Based on the reactivities of the protonated amino acid complexes with alkylamines, the reactivities of the corresponding amino acid esters, and partially derivatized beta-cyclodextrin hosts, we conclude that the ternary complexes are salt-bridge zwitterionic species composed of amino acid zwitterions and protonated alkylamine all interacting with the hydroxyl groups on the narrow rim of the cyclodextrin. Molecular modeling calculations and experimental results suggest that the interactions of the amino acids with the rims contribute greatly to the formation of the zwitterionic species. 相似文献
11.
The effect of peripheral halogenation is examined based on analytical transmission electron microscopy and thermal analyses of two chemical family structures, specifically the vanadyl-phthalocyanine family (VOPcX: X = H16, F14.5) and the copper-phthalocyanine family (CuPcX: X = H16, F16, Cl16, Cl8Br8), focusing on the process of molecular changes and crystalline disintegrations. To clarify the molecular transformations, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is applied to two fluorinated phthalocyanines (VOPcF14.5 and CuPcF16), by monitoring mass changes as well as energy loss near edge structures (ELNES). The elemental mass of both VOPcF14.5 and CuPcF16 remain constant up to 0.5 C x cm(-2), except in the case of mass reduction attributed to oxygen loss occurring in VOPcF14.5. It is expected that the released oxygen will induce higher radiation damage in VOPcF14.5. Although mass variation is not observed in CuPcF16, it is found from ELNES that the pi resonant system of nitrogen is more radiation sensitive than that of carbon. These results imply that the electron sensitivity in VOPcX is triggered by eliminated oxygen or, thus, an induced larger empty space, whereas the sensitivity of CuPcX is dominated only by a large intermolecular empty space resulting in the following bond alterations. It is also found that the decomposition temperature (Td) measured by thermal analyses and the characteristic dose (D1/e) are exponentially correlated to the "effective molecular occupancy" (Oe) evaluated as a volume function of molecules in unit cells. By measuring Td and/or Oe, we discuss the durability of peripheral halogenation with respect to the radiation damage. 相似文献
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13.
Supramolecular complexes of PEI(OA)x show a lamellar structure, and reversible crystal phase transition of the side alkyl chains in the complex can be observed by temperature-variable FT-IR spectroscopy. 相似文献
14.
Abstract We present the first comparative steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies of inter- and intramolecular cyclodextrin complexes. Specifically, we report equilibrium and kinetic results for dansyl-glycine complexed with β-cyclodextrin (intermolecular) and the dansyl-glycine-β-cyclodextrin adduct (intramolecular). The fluorescence intensity decay profile for the intermolecular system is best described by a discrete triple exponential decay law. This is consistent with stepwise 1:1 and 2:1 (β-cyclodextrin:guest) inclusion complexation. Equilibrium constants are in line with previous results on similar species. In contrast, we found that the intramolecular case was described by a doubly exponential decay law—consistent with a single intramolecular inclusion complex. Displacement experiments, with borneol, confirm the simplicity of the intramolecular complex. In all cases, continuous distribution models failed to fit the experimental data. 相似文献
15.
While lipids form soft, fluidic membranes (soft assembly), proteins can readily assemble into rigid, crystalline structures such as viral capsids and bacterial compartments (lattice assembly). The key difference has to do with the driving forces, where the former is driven by the weak, directionless hydrophobic effect and the latter, by a combination of relatively strong, directional intermolecular interactions. In synthetic systems, the lipid assembly has been massively replicated but the protein assembly has been rarely rivaled. Herein, we briefly review these two kinds of assemblies with special emphasis on a recently reported lattice self-assembly system of cyclodextrin complexes. The complexes arrange themselves into an in-plane, rhombic lattice that develops into lamellar, tubular, and polygonal structures depending on concentration. We will then cover the formation mechanisms, driving forces, and an application of the tubes in particle encapsulation. We hope that this short review would draw people's attention to this emerging field of lattice self-assembly. 相似文献
16.
17.
Separation ability and stoichiometry of cyclodextrin complexes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gas-liquid chromatography has been applied to search relations between selectivity towards isomers and stoichiometry of cyclodextrin complexes. The model tested compounds were: dimethylnaphthalenes and alpha- and beta-pinenes as constitutional isomers; cis/trans decalins, anetholes and isosafroles as diastereomers and as enantiomers (+/-)-alpha-pinenes and (+/-)-camphenes. Experimental retention data are used to confirm a simple theoretical model that allows distinguishing formation of G x CD complexes (1:1) and G x CD2 complexes (1:2). Based on the experimental data, stability constants K were evaluated. It has been found that remarkable selectivity factor alpha may appear both within the range of 1:1 stoichiometry (beta-CD complexes of decalins and of alpha- and beta-pinenes) and 1:2 stoichiometry (alpha-CD complexes with (+/-)-alpha-pinenes and (+/-)-camphenes). Occasionally selectivity arises from a different composition, when one isomer forms a 1:1 stoichiometry complex while another forms a 1:2 complex (dimethylnaphthalenes, cis/trans-anetholes and cis/trans-isosafroles). 相似文献
18.
Tetramethyl-α-halogenoenamines are useful reagents for the stereospecific conversion of phosphorothioic acids to the corresponding phosphoryl halides. 相似文献
19.
L. Szente J. Szejtli M. Gál-Füzy 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1984,2(3-4):631-636
The application of cyclodextrin complexed drugs in non-oral dosage forms results in the following advantages: - The stability of volatile, chemically unstable drugs is significantly improved by transforming them into cyclodextrin complexes. - The transformation of oils, liquids into crystalline, solid state provides better physical, mechanical properties, easy to handle products. - Complex formation/encapsulation on molecular scale/remarkably enhances the dissolution and absorption of lipophylic drugs. - The formation of water soluble inclusion complexes makes possible the preparation of parenteral dosage forms without using organic solvents or detergents. 相似文献
20.
环糊精在金属酶模拟中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
非共价作用(如氢键、静电和疏水作用)普遍存在于天然金属酶中,对酶活化或底物催化过程有重要的协同作用.近年来基于超分子化学理论的金属酶模拟研究不断向酶的活性中心亚稳态和次层结构的生物功能模拟方向发展.本文将根据报道的文献并结合本课题组的研究工作,对环糊精(一种重要的超分子主体)构建金属酶模型的研究进行综述. 相似文献