稀土氧化物对中高碳钢堆焊金属中夹杂物变质作用的热力学分析

采用热力学方法,研究了稀土氧化物对中高碳钢堆焊金属中夹杂物的变质作用。夹杂物生成的热力学分析表明,在堆焊熔池中,稀土氧化物可以被碳还原成稀土元素,稀土元素可以与氧、硫生成稀土氧化物、稀土硫化物和稀土硫氧化物,从而达到脱氧、脱硫、净化堆焊熔池的作用;稀土氧化物还可以直接与硫作用,生成稀土硫氧化物,起到脱硫的效果。     

稀土夹杂物对Fe-C合金中初生奥氏体非均质形核的影响

本文采用二维点阵错配度的计算方法,详细计算了三种常见的稀土夹杂物作为Fe-C系合金中初生奥氏体非均质成核基底的有效性。认为稀土氧化物可以成为初生奥氏体的有效核心,而稀土硫化物则不能成为有效核心,这与初生δ相的结果恰好相反。     

钇对H13钢中夹杂物的影响EI北大核心CSCD

研究了不同Y含量对H13模具钢中夹杂物的种类、形态、尺寸和成分等的影响机制。实验室采用电渣重熔冶炼添加Y获得了Y含量分别0.0008%,0.006%和0.012%(质量分数)的H13电渣锭。利用OM,SEM,ASPEX和热力学计算等方法研究Y对钢中夹杂物的影响。结果表明,不添加稀土的H13钢中夹杂物以MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)外包覆(Cr,V,Mo)C的复合夹杂为主;Y添加量为0.0008%的H13钢材中夹杂物以YAlO_(3)外包覆(Cr,V,Mo)C的复合夹杂物为主;Y添加量为0.006%的H13钢中夹杂物以YAlO_(3)和YAlO_(3)外包覆(Cr,V,Mo)C的复合夹杂物为主;Y添加量为0.012%的H13钢中夹杂物以单独存在的Y_(2)O_(3),YS·Y_(2)O_(3),YS外包覆(Cr,V,Mo)C的复合夹杂物为主。当H13钢中的Y达到0.012%时,钢中尺寸小于5μm的夹杂物占96%以上。     

稀土氧化物提高中高碳钢堆焊试样抗开裂性机制的研究

采用5CrNiMo热锻模具钢作为研究对象，分析了堆焊试样上的裂纹形貌，测定了堆焊残余应力场并进行了数值模拟。在此基础上，分析了稀土氧化物改善堆焊金属结晶组织和变质夹杂物的作用。结果表明：堆焊裂纹主要在粗大的树枝晶之间、夹杂物和热影响区粗大奥氏体晶粒处形成，并且，在堆焊金属中心和热影响区残余拉应力作用下扩展。堆焊金属中加入稀土氧化物能细化一次柱状晶组织；变质夹杂物。同时，降低堆焊金属马氏体相变温度，从而降低上述危险部位的拉应力峰值。     

变质CH13钢中Ce_2O_3异质核心作用的研究

采用变质处理大大减弱了CH13钢枝晶组织的元素偏析 ,使未变质CH13钢中的晶界碳化物得以消除 ,CH13钢的冲击韧性大大提高。通过热力学计算及二维点阵错配度计算 ,并采用电子探针定量分析等手段 ,证实Ce2 O3型稀土夹杂物可作为CH13钢中初生奥氏体的异质核心 ,细化枝晶组织 ,减弱合金元素偏析     

变质CH13钢中Ce2O3异质核心作用的研究

变质变质处理大减弱了CH13钢技晶组织的元素偏析,使未变质CH13钢中的晶界碳化物得以消除,CH13钢的冲击韧性大大提高,通过热力学计算及二维点阵错配度计算,并采用电子探针定量分析等手段,证实Ce2O3型稀土夹杂物可作为CH13钢中初生奥氏体的异质核心,细化枝晶组织,减弱合金元素偏析。     

钢中夹杂物的电解萃取

介绍了一种有机溶液电解萃取和检测钢中非金属夹杂物的方法,能将含氧化物、硅酸钙、硅铝酸钙夹杂物从钢试样中完整无损地提取出来,并直接观察其三维立体形貌。并将夹杂物进行了统计分析,得到夹杂物的形貌、类型、尺寸、元素组成及数量分布,对炼钢生产过程的控制和优化有一定的指导作用。     

Metal Nanoparticles on Stainless Steel Surfaces as Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts

The goal of this work was the development of a novel type of heterogeneous catalyst, consisting of bare metal nanoparticles on stainless steel foils, which can be shaped to any kind of architecture and, if necessary, heated electrically. Solutions of pre-prepared, ligand protected and monodispersed gold, palladium, platinum and rhodium nanoparticles were sprayed onto stainless steel foils, followed by the careful removal of the ligand molecules by an oxygen plasma treatment. Due to this, bare particles become irreversibly fixed on the steel support. It could be shown that the original particle sizes do not change during the plasma treatment. Foils, densely coated with the nanoparticles, were used for gas phase catalyses in a self-made reactor at room temperature or at 60 °C. Hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene at 15 nm Pd and 2 nm Pt, CO oxidation at 16 nm, 8 nm and 1.4 nm gold and NO reduction with NH₃ at 2 nm Rh particles were performed, indicating that the novel catalysts might in principle be applicable in technical processes if the experimental conditions like form and temperature would be optimized. Dedicated to Professor Dieter Fenske on the occassion of his 65th birthday.     

Amorphous Cu0 on Carbon Nanofiber as Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for N-Arylation Reactions

A novel heterogeneous catalyst,amorphous Cu^0 on the carbon nanofibers was developed and characte-rized by means of several characterization techniques.The prepared Cu^0 was investigated as a heterogeneous catalyst for N-arylation reaction.The results show it is an excellent catalyst with recyclability,high consistency and catalytic activity.After the catalyst was used for 5 cycles in the N-arylation reaction,amorphous Cu^0 reunited into crystalline copper nanoparticles with different particle sizes and its good heterogeneity in the catalytic system was confirmed after the catalyst recovery.     

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as an Effective Support of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective Alkene Oxidation

Kinetics and Catalysis - Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) with different degrees of nitrogen doping were synthesized. The effects of nitrogen in the N-CNTs on the...     

4-Vinylpyridine-Modified Nickel and Cobalt Dibenzoylmethanates as New Hosts: Inclusions with Carbon Tetrachloride and Chlorobenzene

Abstract

Bis(4-vinylpyridine)bis(dibenzoylmethanato)metal(II), [M(ViPy)₂(DBM)₂] (M = Ni(II), Co(II); ViPy = 4-Vinylpyridine; DBM = C₆H₅COCHCOC₆H₅ ^?, dibenzoylmethanate) is a new metal-complex host. Its inclusions with carbon tetrachloride (host:guest = 1:2; triclinic, P 1, Z = 1) and chlorobenzene (host:guest = 1:1; monoclinic, P2 ₁ /c, Z = 4) are consistent with the van der Waals packing of neutral complex (host) and solvent (guest) molecules. In the host unit, four oxygens from two chelate DBM-units provide a square-planar environment around the metal center that is extended to octahedral coordination by two apical nitrogens from two vinylpyridine moieties in the trans-position. In the carbon tetrachloride inclusions, the host traps two guest molecules in large prolate spheroidal cavities. In the chlorobenzene inclusions, guest species are located inside 8-shaped serpentine channels along the y-axis. The nickel and cobalt versions of the inclusion compounds were found to be very similar.     

稀土对60CrMnMo钢奥氏体长大动力学的影响

研究了不同稀土加入量对６０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢奥氏体晶粒长大动力学的影响。结果表明，６０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢中加入一定量的稀土，能细化奥氏体晶粒并抑制其长大。根据实验结果，对奥氏体晶界迁移激活能（Ｑ）进行了计算，计算表明随稀土加入量增加，Ｑ值亦增加。