合成5-氯-1-甲基-4-硝基咪唑的工艺改进

以草酸二乙酯为原料,经酰胺化、环合、成盐及硝化反应合成了5-氯-1-甲基-4-硝基咪唑,总收率61.3%,其结构经1H NMR, IR和MS表征.本方法有两点改进: (1)在酰胺化反应中用30%～40%甲胺水溶液代替甲胺气体; (2)在成盐反应中直接向环化产物的丙酮溶液加硝酸析出5-氯-1-甲基咪唑硝酸盐晶体.     

1-甲基-4-苯基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-5-甲酸衍生物的定向合成

1-甲基-4-苯基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-5-甲酸是一类重要的三唑类衍生物,是多种药物合成的重要中间体.以苯乙炔为原料,设计出了一条定向合成1-甲基-4-苯基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-5-甲酸的新方法.首先苯乙炔与叠氮化钠、碘甲烷在碘化亚铜催化下反应生成1-甲基-4-苯基-1H-1,2,3-三唑,再依次与正丁基锂、甲酸乙酯反应生成中间体1-甲基-4-苯基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-5-甲醛后直接氧化生成目标化合物.该合成途径原料易得、总产率较高、后处理操作简便,具有较高的应用价值.     

2-甲基-4,5-二硝基三唑-1-氧化物的合成及其结构表征

以乙二醛、甲基肼和盐酸羟胺为起始原料,经缩合、肟化得到中间体肟基甲腙;该中间体不经分离直接加入到硫酸铜-吡啶-水体系中,经缩合环化得到2-甲基三唑-1-氧化物(MTO);随后用混酸(硝酸+硫酸)硝化得到目标产物2-甲基-4,5-二硝基三唑-1-氧化物(DNMTO);初步探讨了环化反应的机理,研究了反应温度与时间等因素对硝化反应的影响,确定了最佳硝化反应条件.与此同时,利用红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱及元素分析等分析了中间产物和DNMTO的组成和结构.结果表明,目标产物的总收率为16%,纯度为99%;最佳硝化反应温度为100℃,最佳硝化反应时间为0.5h.     

1,2,3-三唑化合物的合成研究进展

1,2,3-三唑化合物是重要的N-杂环化合物, 近年来被广泛应用于工业生产、药物研发、材料科学等多个领域. 因此1,2,3-三唑的合成受到越来越多的关注. 从合成不同取代类型的1,2,3-三唑化合物入手对近年来研究发现的合成方法的进展进行了综述.     

1-取代芳基-4-乙氧羰基-5-二甲氨基亚甲基氨基-1,2,3-三唑衍生物的新法合成

以1-取代芳基-4-乙氧羰基-5-氨基-1,2,3-三唑衍生物为原料,用简单有效的方法在非常温和的条件下以较好的收率合成了一系列新型的1-取代芳基-4-乙氧羰基-5-二甲氨基亚甲基氨基-1,2,3-三唑及其衍生物,所得化合物未见文献报道.新化合物的结构用红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱和元素分析确证,同时初步研究了这些化合物的抑菌性能.     

1,2,3-三唑类含能化合物的合成研究进展

1,2,3-三唑类含能化合物具有密度高、生成焓高及热稳定性好等特点,近年来受到科研人员的广泛研究和报道.较全面地综述了单环1,2,3-三唑、多环1,2,3-三唑和稠环1,2,3-三唑类含能化合物的研究成果,对其合成方法、感度和爆轰性能进行了总结.结果表明,1,2,3-三唑含能化合物具有良好的爆轰性能和热稳定性,在含能材料领域具有重要的研究价值和应用潜力.最后,对1,2,3-三唑含能化合物的发展现状进行总结与展望,提出了各类1,2,3-三唑含能化合物未来可能的应用方向,以期为从事含能化合物研究的科研人员提供一定的参考.     

2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基取代苯衍生物的合成

详细研究了2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基取代苯衍生物的合成方法。由苯基二硝基甲烷钾盐经羟甲基化,磺酰酯化和叠氮化得到目标化合物:3-硝基-(2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基)苯(4b),4-硝基-(2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基)苯(4c),m-二(2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基)苯(10)和p-二(2-叠氮基-1,1-二硝基乙基)苯(15)。     

2-(3’,5’-二硝基苯)-4-硝基-1,2,3-三唑-1-氧化物的合成与量子化学研究

以乙二醛、苯肼和盐酸羟胺为起始原料,经缩合和肟化反应制得肟基苯腙(1)。在硫酸铜-吡啶-水体系中,1经缩合环化得2-苯基-1,2,3-三唑-1-氧化物(2);2被混酸硝化合成了新化合物2-(3’,5’-二硝基苯)-4-硝基-1,2,3-三唑-1-氧化物(3),纯度99%,总收率45%,其结构经1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征。在B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ基组水平上对3的结构进行了优化,获得稳定的几何构型。     

硝基三唑化合物的电化学还原机理

1　引　　言硝基三唑类化合物 (ＮＴＲ)是一种新型的放射增敏剂 ,在体内外均能特异的增强乏氧细胞对射线的敏感。此类化合物的增敏作用与硝基的氧化还原有关。因此 ,研究这类化合物的氧化还原机理有助于阐明其体内过程。本文应用直流极谱、循环伏安和库仑分析等方法研究了 4种具有放射增敏效果的ＮＴＲ1 、ＮＴＲ2 、ＮＴＲ3、ＮＴＲ4 (Ｘ、Ｙ分别为Ｈ ,ＣＨ2 ＣＯＯＣＨ2 ＣＨ3;ＣＨ3,ＣＨ2 ＣＯＯＣＨ2 ＣＨ3;Ｈ ,ＣＨ2 ＣＯＮＣＨ2 (ＣＨ2 ) 3ＣＨ2 ;ＣＨ3,ＣＨ2 ＣＯＮＣＨ2 (ＣＨ2 ) 3ＣＨ2 )的电化学还原机理 ,并观察到质子化的硝基自…     

14N and 15N NMR Spectroscopy of 2-Methyl-4,5-dinitro-1,2,3-triazole and of Substituted 2-Methyl-4(5)-nitro-1,2,3-triazole 1-Oxides

Analysis of the ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N NMR spectroscopic data of 2-methyl-4,5-dinitro-1,2,3-triazole and of substituted 2-methyl-4(5)-nitro-1,2,3-triazole 1-oxides has shown the possibility of applying them for confirmation of the structures of the studied compounds.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Thermal Behaviors of 4-Amino-5-nitro-1,2,3-triazole(ANTZ)and Its Derivatives

4‐Amino‐5‐nitro‐1,2,3‐triazole (ANTZ) and its derivatives, such as 2‐(4‐amino‐5‐nitro‐1,2,3‐trazole‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene (T‐ANTZ) and 4‐amino‐5‐nitro‐1,2,3‐triazole (M‐ANTZ), were synthesized and characterized, whose structures were confirmed by IR, NMR and elemental analysis. The thermal behaviors of ANTZ, T‐ANTZ and M‐ANTZ were studied by the methods of DSC and TG‐DTG, and the results showed that there is an obvious melting process of ANTZ with melting point of 278.38°C, while there is no melting process in the thermal behavior of T‐ANTZ and M‐ANTZ (the derivatives of ATNZ).     

Synthesis of 4-Aryl-5-nitro-1,2,3-triazoles

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry -     

N-Alkylation of 4-nitro-1,2,3-triazole revisited. Detection and characterization of the N3-ethylation product, 1-ethyl-5-nitro-1,2,3-triazole

The products of the alkylation of sodium 4-nitro-1,2,3-triazolate with ethyl bromide were investigated using ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N NMR spectroscopy. It was found that alkylation proceeds on the triazole nitrogen atoms giving a mixture of three isomeric N-ethyl-4-nitro-1,2,3-triazoles. The molar ratio of N1, N2, and N3-alkylation products was 4:8:1. The formation of a minor N3-isomer, namely 1-ethyl-5-nitro-1,2,3-triazole was confirmed by X-ray structural analysis of single crystals of its tetranuclear copper(II) complex obtained by reaction of copper(II) chloride dihydrate with a mixture of the N2 and N3-isomers.     

Theoretical Studies on Intermolecular Interactions of 4-Amino-5-nitro-1,2,3-triazole Dimers

1 INTRODUCTION Triazole, a five-membered heterocyclic compound with three nitrogen atoms, is an important interme- diate product of medicine and chemical industry as well as insecticide [1]. Due to its small volume and high nitrogenous density, triazole holds more and more attraction for the material researchers, espe- cially the researchers of high-energy insensitive explosive. It is reported that its nitro and amino deri- vatives are a sort of important high-energy mate- rials[2]. Previ…     

Reactions of 2,4-disubstituted 5-nitro-1,2,3-triazole 1-oxides. 2. Oxidation of 2-substituted 4-amino(alkylamino)-5-nitro-1,2,3-triazole 1-oxides

The oxidation of substituted aminonitrotriazole oxides to the corresponding dinitro derivatives of triazole and azotriazole oxides has been studied. Communication 1, see ref. [1]. N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117913 Moscow, Russia; e-mail: cheminst@mail.psu.ru. Institute of Chemical Physics at Chernogolovka, Russian Academy of Sciences, 124432 Chernogolovka, Russia. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1356–1362, October, 1999.     

Alkylation of 4(5)-nitro-1,2,3-triazole with alcohols in strongly acidic media

Alkylation of 4(5)-nitro-1,2,3-triazole with alcohols in concentrated H₂SO₄ occurs at all three endocyclic N atoms, giving a mixture of isomeric N(1)-, N(2)-, and N(3)-alkyl-4-nitro-1,2,3-triazoles (alkyl is isopropyl, sec-butyl, and cyclohexyl). The selectivity of the alkylation depends on the alcohol used. The most selective alkylation is provided at the N(2) atom when isopropyl (81%) and sec-butyl alcohols are used (67%). With an increase in the reaction time, also in the order isopropyl-, sec-butyl-, and cyclohexyl-4-nitro-1,2,3-triazoles, the N(2)-isomers undergo isomerization into N(1)-alkyl-4-nitro-1,2,3-triazoles. In all the cases, the fraction of the N(3)-substitution products in the mixtures is 6–30%.     

2-(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氧代-4-吡唑基)-2-磺基丙酸的合成工艺改进

以依达拉奉,丙酮酸和亚磺酸钠为原料,合成了依达拉奉衍生物2-(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氧代-4-吡唑基)-2-磺基丙酸,总收率54%,纯度>99.9%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS确证。     

Quantum-chemical investigation of certain physicochemical properties of C-nitro-1,2,3-triazole and N-alkyl-4(5)-nitro-1,2,3-triazoles

Quantum-chemical calculations have been carried out on molecular electrostatic potentials, proton affinity in the gas phase, gas phase basicity, and pK _BH+ values in aqueous solution for C-nitro- and N-alkyl-4(5)-nitro-1,2,3-triazoles, and the relative stability of the isomeric N-alkyl-4(5)-nitrotriazoles (alkyl = Me, Et, i-Pr, t-Bu) in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. For all the studied substances in the gas phase the 2H-tautomer and the N(2)-isomers were considerably more stable than the corresponding N(1) compounds, and the 3H-tautomer and N(3)-isomer were the least stable. In aqueous solution 1- and 3-isomers had close values of energies, but in the case of C-nitro-1,2,3-triazole the 1H form became even more stable than the 2H-form. It was established which ring nitrogen atoms of 1,2,3-triazoles are protonated in the gas phase and in solution. The obtained data correlate well with the results of experimental investigations on the alkylation of 1,2,3-triazoles in acidic and basic media and of the experimental investigation on the alkylation of C-nitro-1,2,3-triazoles with diethyl sulfate carried out in the present work. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 12, pp. 1816–1828, December, 2008.     

1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三唑衍生物的合成

在超声波辐射下,端基炔与叠氮基(3,3-二甲基-2,4-二氧戊环基)甲烷通过1,3-偶极环加成合成了1-(3,3-二甲基-2,4-二氧戊环基甲基)-4-芳基-1,2,3-三唑(5);5在酸性条件下脱保护得1-(2,3-二羟基丙基)-4-芳基-1,2,3-三唑,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和元素分析表征。