Improved entropy decay estimates for the heat equation

Improved entropy decay estimates for the heat equation are obtained by selecting well-parametrized Gaussians. Either by mass centering or by fixing the second moments or the covariance matrix of the solution, relative entropy toward these Gaussians is shown to decay with better constants than classical estimates.     

A note on global optimization via the heat diffusion equation

We consider the interesting smoothing method of global optimization recently proposed in Lau and Kwong (J Glob Optim 34:369–398, 2006) . In this method smoothed functions are solutions of an initial-value problem for a heat diffusion equation with external heat source. As shown in Lau and Kwong (J Glob Optim 34:369–398, 2006), the source helps to control global minima of the smoothed functions—they are not shifted during the smoothing. In this note we point out that for certain (families of) objective functions the proposed method unfortunately does not affect the functions, in the sense, that the smoothed functions coincide with the respective objective function. The key point here is that the Laplacian might be too weak in order to smooth out critical points.     

The linear heat equation with highly oscillating potential

In this paper we consider the following initial value problem:

where and . Nonexistence of positive solutions is analyzed.

     

The problem of singularity for planar grids

We consider simple graphs and their adjacency matrices. In [2], Rara (1996) gives methods of reducing graphs which simplify the procedure of computing the determinant of their adjacency matrices. We continue this subject matter and give a general method of reducing graphs. By the use of this method we define a formula for computing the determinant of any planar grid and in particular settle the problem of their singularity.     

The stability and stabilization of heat equation in non-cylindrical domain

This paper is addressed to a study of the stability and stabilization of heat equation in non-cylindrical domain. Special solutions of the system are first given by the method of the undetermined function and the similarity variables, which indicate that the system is not exponentially stable. Then the stability and stabilization of the system are obtained by the energy estimate and the backstepping method.     

On the convergence of boundary element methods for initial-Neumann problems for the heat equation

In this paper we study boundary element methods for initial-Neumann problems for the heat equation. Error estimates for some fully discrete methods are established. Numerical examples are presented.

     

Extinction and positivity of the solutions of the heat equations with absorption on networks

In this paper, we propose a discrete version of the following semilinear heat equation with absorption ut=Δu−uq with q>1, which is said to be the ω-heat equation with absorption on a network. Using the discrete Laplacian operator Δω on a weighted graph, we define the ω-heat equations with absorption on networks and give their physical interpretations. The main concern is to investigate the large time behaviors of nontrivial solutions of the equations whose initial data are nonnegative and the boundary data vanish. It is proved that the asymptotic behaviors of the solutions u(x,t) as t tends to +∞ strongly depend on the sign of q−1.     

Remarks on polynomial expansions of solutions of the heat equation in two space variables

Results on polynomial expansions of analytic solutions of the heat equation can be used for the discussion of the continuation of analytic solutions. A system of polynomial solutions introduced by Col ton and Wimp [3] is found good for such investigations in the two dimensional case. A Banach scales approach is the base for the results of the present paper     

The heat equation with singular nonlinearity and singular initial data

We study the existence, uniqueness and regularity of positive solutions of the parabolic equation ut−Δu=a(x)uq+b(x)up in a bounded domain and with Dirichlet's condition on the boundary. We consider here a∈Lα(Ω), b∈Lβ(Ω) and 0<q?1<p. The initial data u(0)=u₀ is considered in the space Lr(Ω), r?1. In the main result (0<q<1), we assume a,b?0 a.e. in Ω and we assume that u₀?γdΩ for some γ>0. We find a unique solution in the space .     

拟线性热方程的函数分离变量解

用群状结构法研究拟线性热方程的分离变量解,对于允许和型分离变量解的二阶拟线性热方程给出了一个完整的分类.说明了一些带有函数类型反应项的方程具有函数分离变量解,推广了前人的结论.     

The Li-Yau-Hamilton estimate and the Yang-Mills heat equation on manifolds with boundary

The paper pursues two connected goals. Firstly, we establish the Li-Yau-Hamilton estimate for the heat equation on a manifold M with nonempty boundary. Results of this kind are typically used to prove monotonicity formulas related to geometric flows. Secondly, we establish bounds for a solution ∇(t) of the Yang-Mills heat equation in a vector bundle over M. The Li-Yau-Hamilton estimate is utilized in the proofs. Our results imply that the curvature of ∇(t) does not blow up if the dimension of M is less than 4 or if the initial energy of ∇(t) is sufficiently small.     

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to the heat equation on noncompact symmetric spaces

This paper is twofold. The first part aims to study the long-time asymptotic behavior of solutions to the heat equation on Riemannian symmetric spaces $G/K$ of noncompact type and of general rank. We show that any solution to the heat equation with bi-K-invariant $L^1$ initial data behaves asymptotically as the mass times the fundamental solution, and provide a counterexample in the non bi-K-invariant case. These answer problems recently raised by J.L. Vázquez. In the second part, we investigate the long-time asymptotic behavior of solutions to the heat equation associated with the so-called distinguished Laplacian on $G/K$. Interestingly, we observe in this case phenomena which are similar to the Euclidean setting, namely $L^1$ asymptotic convergence with no bi-K-invariance condition and strong $L^{\infty }$ convergence.     

High‐order approximation of 2D convection‐diffusion equation on hexagonal grids

We derive a fourth‐order finite difference scheme for the two‐dimensional convection‐diffusion equation on an hexagonal grid. The difference scheme is defined on a single regular hexagon of size h over a seven‐point stencil. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the high accuracy of the derived scheme, and to compare it with the standard second‐order central difference scheme. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2006     

A one-dimensional nonlinear heat equation with a singular term

In this paper we are concerned with the Dirichlet problem for the one-dimensional nonlinear heat equation with a singular term:

     

Differential Harnack inequalities on Riemannian manifolds I: Linear heat equation

In the first part of this paper, we get new Li–Yau type gradient estimates for positive solutions of heat equation on Riemannian manifolds with Ricci(M)?−k, k∈R. As applications, several parabolic Harnack inequalities are obtained and they lead to new estimates on heat kernels of manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below. In the second part, we establish a Perelman type Li–Yau–Hamilton differential Harnack inequality for heat kernels on manifolds with Ricci(M)?−k, which generalizes a result of L. Ni (2004, 2006) [20] and [21]. As applications, we obtain new Harnack inequalities and heat kernel estimates on general manifolds. We also obtain various entropy monotonicity formulas for all compact Riemannian manifolds.     

Recovery of the heat equation from a single boundary measurement

We prove that we can uniquely recover the coefficient of a one-dimensional heat equation from a single boundary measurement and provide a constructive procedure for its recovery. The algorithm is based on the well-known Gelfand–Levitan–Gasymov inverse spectral theory of Sturm–Liouville operators.     

On the controllability of the heat equation with nonlinear boundary Fourier conditions

In this paper we analyze the approximate and null controllability of the classical heat equation with nonlinear boundary conditions of the form and distributed controls, with support in a small set. We show that, when the function f is globally Lipschitz-continuous, the system is approximately controllable. We also show that the system is locally null controllable and null controllable for large time when f is regular enough and f(0)=0. For the proofs of these assertions, we use controllability results for similar linear problems and appropriate fixed point arguments. In the case of the local and large time null controllability results, the arguments are rather technical, since they need (among other things) Hölder estimates for the control and the state.     

The hierarchical preconditioning on unstructured three-dimensional grids with locally refined regions

This paper presents two hierarchically preconditioned methods for the fast solution of mesh equations that approximate three-dimensional-elliptic boundary value problems on quasiuniform triangulations above all aiming at the numerical investigation of the previously suggested algorithms. Furthermore, improving the practical applicability of the methods unstructured three-dimensional grids possessing locally refined regions are considered. Based on the fictitious space approach, the original problem can be adaptively embedded into an auxiliary one in which hanging nodes occur. We implemented the corresponding Yserentant preconditioned conjugate gradient method as well as the BPX-preconditioned cg-iteration having nearly optimal computational costs. Several numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the artificially constructed hierarchical methods.     

Sparse grids and hybrid methods for the chemical master equation

The direct numerical solution of the chemical master equation (CME) is usually impossible due to the high dimension of the computational domain. The standard method for solution of the equation is to generate realizations of the chemical system by the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) by Gillespie and then taking averages over the trajectories. Two alternatives are described here using sparse grids and a hybrid method. Sparse grids, implemented as a combination of aggregated grids are used to address the curse of dimensionality of the CME. The aggregated components are selected using an adaptive procedure. In the hybrid method, some of the chemical species are represented macroscopically while the remaining species are simulated with SSA. The convergence of variants of the method is investigated for a growing number of trajectories. Two signaling cascades in molecular biology are simulated with the methods and compared to SSA results. AMS subject classification (2000)  65C20, 60J25, 92C45     

A finite difference scheme for two-dimensional semiconductor device of heat conduction on composite triangular grids

The momentary state of a semiconductor device of heat conduction is described by a system of four nonlinear partial differential equations. One elliptic equation is for the electrostatic, two parabolic equations are for the electron concentration and the hole concentration, and one heat exchange equation is for the temperature. According to the necessary of practical numerical simulations and based on the balance equation, finite difference schemes for two-dimensional transient behavior of a semiconductor device of heat conduction on composite triangular grids are constructed. Studying their stability and convergence properties, the error estimate in the energy norm is obtained. Finally, a numerical example is given.